Hypercalcemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | |||
{{Hypercalcemia}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Anmol}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include [[postmenopausal]] women, age group 50-60 year, family history of [[hyperparathyroidism]], history of familial syndromes, and [[Renal disease|renal diseases]]. | |||
== Risk Factors == | |||
===Common Risk Factors=== | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include: | |||
*[[Postmenopausal]] women | |||
*Age group 50-60 years | |||
*Family history of hyperparathyroidism | |||
*History of familial syndromes such as [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A|type 2A]] or [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4|type 4]]; [[familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia]], hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia in chronic renal failure include:<ref name="pmid27446345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y |title=Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease |journal=Exp Ther Med |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1206–1212 |year=2016 |pmid=27446345 |pmc=4950648 |doi=10.3892/etm.2016.3438 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hyperphosphatemia|High serum phosphorus]] expression levels | |||
*Low serum [[creatinine]] expression levels | |||
*[[Hypocalcemia|Low serum calcium]] expression levels | |||
*Female gender | |||
*[[Hypertension]] | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia post [[Kidney transplantation|renal transplantation]] include:<ref name="pmid19587496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A |title=Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism |journal=Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=573–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19587496 |doi= |url=http://www.sjkdt.org/article.asp?issn=1319-2442;year=2009;volume=20;issue=4;spage=573;epage=576;aulast=Jahromi}}</ref> | |||
*Elderly individuals | |||
*Longer duration of [[dialysis]] | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | |||
Less common risk factors in the development of hypecalcemia include: | |||
*History of current or past [[lithium]] use<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalat |first1=Auryan |last2=Mazeh |first2=Haggi |last3=Freund |first3=Herbert R |date=2009 |title=Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature |url=http://www.eje-online.org/content/160/2/317.full.pdf |journal=European Journal of Endocrinology |volume=160 |issue= |pages=317–323 |doi= |access-date= }}</ref> | |||
*Exposure to head and neck [[radiation]] | |||
Less common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in [[chronic renal failure]] include:<ref name="pmid27446345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y |title=Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease |journal=Exp Ther Med |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1206–1212 |year=2016 |pmid=27446345 |pmc=4950648 |doi=10.3892/etm.2016.3438 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Acidosis]] | |||
*[[Anemia]] | |||
*[[Hyperlipidemia]] | |||
*Micro-[[inflammation]] ([[C reactive protein]]) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
{{WS}} | |||
{{WH}} |
Latest revision as of 20:34, 5 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include postmenopausal women, age group 50-60 year, family history of hyperparathyroidism, history of familial syndromes, and renal diseases.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include:
- Postmenopausal women
- Age group 50-60 years
- Family history of hyperparathyroidism
- History of familial syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, type 2A or type 4; familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia in chronic renal failure include:[1]
- High serum phosphorus expression levels
- Low serum creatinine expression levels
- Low serum calcium expression levels
- Female gender
- Hypertension
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia post renal transplantation include:[2]
- Elderly individuals
- Longer duration of dialysis
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of hypecalcemia include:
Less common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include:[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y (2016). "Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease". Exp Ther Med. 12 (2): 1206–1212. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3438. PMC 4950648. PMID 27446345.
- ↑ Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A (2009). "Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism". Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 20 (4): 573–6. PMID 19587496.
- ↑ Szalat, Auryan; Mazeh, Haggi; Freund, Herbert R (2009). "Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature" (PDF). European Journal of Endocrinology. 160: 317–323.