Hyperkalemia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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| [[File:Siren.gif|link=hyperkalemia resident survival guide|41x41px]]|| <br> || <br> | |||
| [[Hyperkalemia resident survival guide|Resident <br> Survival <br> Guide]] | |||
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{{Hyperkalemia}} | {{Hyperkalemia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto: | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In patients with [[hyperkalemia]], physical examination may vary from normal to bradycardia (heart block), tachypnea due to respiratory muscle weakness and absent tendon reflexes. | In patients with [[hyperkalemia]], physical examination may vary from normal to [[bradycardia]] ([[heart block]]), [[tachypnea]] due to respiratory muscle weakness and absent [[tendon reflexes]]. Evaluation of vital signs plays a key role in determining hemodynamic stability and identifying the presence of [[Arrhythmia|cardiac arrhythmias]] due to the hyperkalemia. | ||
==Physical | |||
==Physical Examination== | |||
Evaluation of vital signs plays a key role in determining hemodynamic stability and identifying the presence of cardiac arrhythmias due to the hyperkalemia.<ref name="pmid27939860">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kogika MM, de Morais HA |title=A Quick Reference on Hyperkalemia |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=223–228 |year=2017 |pmid=27939860 |doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4625433">{{cite journal| author=Boddy K, King PC, Hume R, Weyers E| title=The relation of total body potassium to height, weight, and age in normal adults. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 1972 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 512-7 | pmid=4625433 | doi= | pmc=477368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4625433 }}</ref> | |||
===Vitals=== | ===Vitals=== | ||
* Bradycardia (heart block) | * [[Bradycardia]] (heart block) | ||
* Tachypnea (respiratory muscle weakness) | * [[Tachypnea]] (respiratory muscle weakness) | ||
=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
* Muscle weakness | *Decrease chest expansion (respiratory muscle weakness) | ||
* Flaccid paralysis | *Normal breathe sounds | ||
*Normal tactile fremitus | |||
===Cardiac=== | |||
*Normal S1 S2 | |||
*Extra sysstole may be noted | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
*No abdominal tenderness or distention | |||
*Normal bowel sounds | |||
===Neurologic=== | |||
* Muscle weakness | |||
* [[Flaccid paralysis]] | |||
* Depressed or absent deep tendon reflexes | * Depressed or absent deep tendon reflexes | ||
* Muscle tenderness associated with muscle weakness (rhabdomyolysis) | * Muscle tenderness associated with muscle weakness ([[rhabdomyolysis]]) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Potassium]] | [[Category:Potassium]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
In patients with hyperkalemia, physical examination may vary from normal to bradycardia (heart block), tachypnea due to respiratory muscle weakness and absent tendon reflexes. Evaluation of vital signs plays a key role in determining hemodynamic stability and identifying the presence of cardiac arrhythmias due to the hyperkalemia.
Physical Examination
Evaluation of vital signs plays a key role in determining hemodynamic stability and identifying the presence of cardiac arrhythmias due to the hyperkalemia.[1][2]
Vitals
- Bradycardia (heart block)
- Tachypnea (respiratory muscle weakness)
Lungs
- Decrease chest expansion (respiratory muscle weakness)
- Normal breathe sounds
- Normal tactile fremitus
Cardiac
- Normal S1 S2
- Extra sysstole may be noted
Abdomen
- No abdominal tenderness or distention
- Normal bowel sounds
Neurologic
- Muscle weakness
- Flaccid paralysis
- Depressed or absent deep tendon reflexes
- Muscle tenderness associated with muscle weakness (rhabdomyolysis)
References
- ↑ Kogika MM, de Morais HA (2017). "A Quick Reference on Hyperkalemia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 47 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.009. PMID 27939860.
- ↑ Boddy K, King PC, Hume R, Weyers E (1972). "The relation of total body potassium to height, weight, and age in normal adults". J Clin Pathol. 25 (6): 512–7. PMC 477368. PMID 4625433.