Interstitial nephritis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Interstitial nephritis accounts for 10-15% of kidney disease worldwide. Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women. The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage. Children exposed to lead poisoning are more likely to develop nephritis as young adult. TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In one study the incidence of TIN among asymptomatic patients, biopsied for either [[hematuria]] or [[proteinuria]],  was 0.7 per 100 000.<ref>Pettersson E, von Bonsdorff M, Tornroth T, Lindholm H. Nephritis among young Finnish men. Clin Nephrol  1984; 22: 217–222</ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*However, in a series of 109 patients from a large centre, biopsied for unexplained renal impairment with normal sized kidneys, TIN accounted for 29 of 109 (27%) cases.<ref>Farrington K, Levison DA, Greenwood RN, Cattell WR, Baker LR. Renal biopsy in patients with unexplained renal impairment and normal kidney size. Q J Med  1989; 70: 221–233</ref>
*
*Overally, tubulointerstitial nephritis accounts for 10-15% of kidney disease worldwide.
 
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
While the definitive diagnosis of TIN needs a kidney biopsy, then determination of prevalence of acute TIN are based on retrospective reviews of biopsy registries, with an overall average of 2.8%of the total biopsies. The incidence of acute TIN increases among biopsies done specifically to evaluate acute renal failure of unknown origin, with an overall average of 13.5%. <ref>{{Cite journal
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| author = [[Rajeev Raghavan]] & [[Garabed Eknoyan]]
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
| title = Acute interstitial nephritis - a reappraisal and update
*
| journal = [[Clinical nephrology]]
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
| volume = 82
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
| issue = 3
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
| pages = 149–162
*
| year = 2014
| month = September
| pmid = 25079860
}}</ref>
*The prevalence of ATIN has increased in recent years, especially in patients aged >65 years. This could be due to an increase in drug-associated ATIN, which would justify early renal biopsy to identify ATIN and reduce the probability of progression to chronic kidney disease. <ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Marian Goicoechea]], [[Francisco Rivera]] & [[Juan M. Lopez-Gomez]]
| title = Increased prevalence of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
| journal = [[Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association]]
| volume = 28
| issue = 1
| pages = 112–115
| year = 2013
| month = January
| doi = 10.1093/ndt/gfs143
| pmid = 22759386
}}</ref>
 
===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*Patients of all age groups may develop TIN.The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*Children exposed to lead poisoning are more likely to develop nephritis as young adult.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*There is no racial predilection to TIN; whereas, lead nephropathy is more common in black people owing to socioeconomic factors.
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women, attributed to women taking more analgesics than men.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
*
===Region===
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
* In certain regions, such as the Balkans (ie, Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria), where endemic nephropathy is common, interstitial diseases may be more prevalent.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Wilfried Karmaus]], [[Plamen Dimitrov]], [[Valeri Simeonov]], [[Svetla Tsolova]] & [[Vecihi Batuman]]
| title = Offspring of parents with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy have higher C-reactive protein levels suggestive of inflammatory processes: a longitudinal study
| journal = [[BMC nephrology]]
| volume = 10
| pages = 10
| year = 2009
| month = April
| doi = 10.1186/1471-2369-10-10
| pmid = 19400955
}}</ref>


*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
===Developed Countries===
===Developed Countries===
===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===

Latest revision as of 18:04, 31 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D.

Overview

Interstitial nephritis accounts for 10-15% of kidney disease worldwide. Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women. The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage. Children exposed to lead poisoning are more likely to develop nephritis as young adult. TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • In one study the incidence of TIN among asymptomatic patients, biopsied for either hematuria or proteinuria, was 0.7 per 100 000.[1]
  • However, in a series of 109 patients from a large centre, biopsied for unexplained renal impairment with normal sized kidneys, TIN accounted for 29 of 109 (27%) cases.[2]
  • Overally, tubulointerstitial nephritis accounts for 10-15% of kidney disease worldwide.

Prevalence

While the definitive diagnosis of TIN needs a kidney biopsy, then determination of prevalence of acute TIN are based on retrospective reviews of biopsy registries, with an overall average of 2.8%of the total biopsies. The incidence of acute TIN increases among biopsies done specifically to evaluate acute renal failure of unknown origin, with an overall average of 13.5%. [3]

  • The prevalence of ATIN has increased in recent years, especially in patients aged >65 years. This could be due to an increase in drug-associated ATIN, which would justify early renal biopsy to identify ATIN and reduce the probability of progression to chronic kidney disease. [4]

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop TIN.The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage
  • Children exposed to lead poisoning are more likely to develop nephritis as young adult.
  • TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female
  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to TIN; whereas, lead nephropathy is more common in black people owing to socioeconomic factors.

Gender

  • Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women, attributed to women taking more analgesics than men.

Region

  •  In certain regions, such as the Balkans (ie, Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria), where endemic nephropathy is common, interstitial diseases may be more prevalent.[5]

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

References

  1. ↑ Pettersson E, von Bonsdorff M, Tornroth T, Lindholm H. Nephritis among young Finnish men. Clin Nephrol 1984; 22: 217–222
  2. ↑ Farrington K, Levison DA, Greenwood RN, Cattell WR, Baker LR. Renal biopsy in patients with unexplained renal impairment and normal kidney size. Q J Med 1989; 70: 221–233
  3. ↑ Rajeev Raghavan & Garabed Eknoyan (2014). "Acute interstitial nephritis - a reappraisal and update". Clinical nephrology. 82 (3): 149–162. PMID 25079860. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Marian Goicoechea, Francisco Rivera & Juan M. Lopez-Gomez (2013). "Increased prevalence of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis". Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 28 (1): 112–115. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs143. PMID 22759386. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Wilfried Karmaus, Plamen Dimitrov, Valeri Simeonov, Svetla Tsolova & Vecihi Batuman (2009). "Offspring of parents with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy have higher C-reactive protein levels suggestive of inflammatory processes: a longitudinal study". BMC nephrology. 10: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-10-10. PMID 19400955. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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