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== Metabolic Alkalosis ==
==Differentiating Leukocytosis from Other Diseases==
'''''Differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis is as follow''''':<ref name="pmid10665945">{{cite journal |vauthors=Galla JH |title=Metabolic alkalosis |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=369–75 |date=February 2000 |pmid=10665945 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
{|
{|
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Category
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Disease
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Mechanism
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Clinical
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mechanism
! colspan="12" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Paraclinical
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Gold standard diagnosis
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Other findings
! colspan="11" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestations
! colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para−clinical findings
! colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Symptoms
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Signs
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! colspan="12" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Lab data
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
|-
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |ABG
! colspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Chemistry
!
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Renal function
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Hydrogen loss
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Accumulation of base
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Increased bone marrow production
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Chloride depletion
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Mineralocorticoid excess
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Fever
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Dyspnea
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Edema
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Toxic/ill
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |BP
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Dehydration
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |paCO<sub>2</sub>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |O<sub>2</sub>
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Cl<sup>−</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |K<sup>+</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Na<sup>+</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Ca<sup>+</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Mg<sup>+</sup>
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Renin
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Bun
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Cr
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Urine Cl<sup>−</sup>
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Exogenous HCO<sub><big>3</big></sub><sup>−</sup> loads
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Acute alkali administration<ref name="MáttarWeil1974">{{cite journal|last1=Máttar|first1=João A.|last2=Weil|first2=Max Harry|last3=Shubin|first3=Herbert|last4=Stein|first4=Leon|title=Cardiac arrest in the critically III|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=56|issue=2|year=1974|pages=162–168|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(74)90593-2}}</ref>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive
|−
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
| +
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
|−
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
|
| -
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|↓
|↓
|↑
|↑
|↓
|↓
|↓
|↓
|↑
|Nl
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Post treatment of [[lactic acidosis]] or [[ketoacidosis]]
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Milk−alkali syndrome
! rowspan="7" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hematologic
| -
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Granulocytosis|Hereditary neutrophilia]]
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| -
* Unknown
| +
* Germline mutation in [[CSF3R]]
| -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | -
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | --
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | -
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | -
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare [[Dominance relationship|autosomal dominant]] genetic disorder
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
* Positive family history
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normal
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |+
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Normal [[Granulocyte|granulocytes]]
* [[Histiocyte|Histiocytes]] of Gaucher type
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Genetics|Genetic]] study
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* High [[leukocyte alkaline phosphatase]]
* Progress to [[leukemia]]
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Transfusion
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hereditary chronic neutrophilia
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
| rowspan="5" |Drugs/Medication
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|Myeloproliferative neoplasms]]
|Chloruretic diuretics
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Bumetanide
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Chlorothiazide
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Metolazone
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Contraction alkalosis  
|-
|-
|Penicillin
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Polycythemia vera]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Licorice
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]] (MAHA)
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Laxative abuse
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Leukoerythroblastosis
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Antacids 
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Immune thrombocytopenia
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Aluminum hydroxide
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Sodium polystyrene sulfonate  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
!Category
! rowspan="12" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunology/
! colspan="2" |Disease
Rheumatology
!Hydrogen loss
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
!Accumulation of base
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
!Chloride depletion
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
!Mineralocorticoid excess
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous increased bone marrow production
!Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive increased bone marrow production
!Dyspnea
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
!Edema
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
!Toxic/ill
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
!BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
!Dehydration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
!HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
!paCO<sub>2</sub>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
!O<sub>2</sub>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
!Cl<sup>−</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
!K<sup>+</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
!Na<sup>+</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
!Ca<sup>+</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
!Mg<sup>+</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
!Renin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
!Bun
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
!Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
!Urine Cl<sup>−</sup>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
!Gold standard diagnosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
!Other findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
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| rowspan="8" |Gastrointestinal origin
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Leukocyte adhesion deficiency]]
|Vomiting
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|Nasogastric tube suction
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
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|Zollinger−Ellison syndrome
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
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|Bulimia
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis|Juvenile onset rheumatoid arthritis]]
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|Congenital chloridorrhea
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Still's disease|Adult Still's disease]]
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|Pyloric stenosis
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kawasaki disease]]
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|Villous adenoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease|IBD]]
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|Gastrocystoplasty
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]
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|-
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!Category
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepatitis|Chronic hepatitis]]
! colspan="2" |Disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Hydrogen loss
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Accumulation of base
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Chloride depletion
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Mineralocorticoid excess
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Fever
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Dyspnea
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Edema
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Toxic/ill
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!BP
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Dehydration
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!paCO<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!O<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Cl<sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!K<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Na<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Ca<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Mg<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Renin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Bun
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Cr
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Urine Cl<sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Gold standard diagnosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
!Other findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| rowspan="9" |Renal origin
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sweet's syndrome|Sweet syndrome]]
|HTN
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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|Posthypercapnic state
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Gout|Acute gout]]
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Hypomagnesemia
! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous increased bone marrow production
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive increased bone marrow production
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
|Nl
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
|-
|Hypokalemia
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Acute bacterial]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |toxic granulations, Döhle bodies, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in neutrophils
|Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Bartter's syndrome
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Chronic infection]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Gitelman’s syndrome
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Viral infection]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Renal artery stenosis
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Granuloma|Granulomatous]] infections
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Liddle syndrome
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Bronchiectasis]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Renal tumors
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Metabolic
|
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diabetic coma]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
| rowspan="6" |Endocrine
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Acidosis]]
|Cushing's syndrome
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Hyperaldosteronism
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroid storm]]
|Primary
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|Secondary
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cushing's syndrome|Hypercortisolism]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Adrenal enzyme defects
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Seizure|Seizures]]
|11β−Hydroxylase deficiency
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
|-
|17α−Hydroxylase deficiency
! rowspan="7" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Medication
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous increased bone marrow production
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive increased bone marrow production
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
|
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
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|Hypercalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Steroid|Steriod]]
|
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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* Release of granulocytes from the bone marrow
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| +
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|-
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|Systemic
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Myeloid growth factors
|Cystic fibrosis 
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| +
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Category
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lithium]]
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Hydrogen loss
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Accumulation of base
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Chloride depletion
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Mineralocorticoid excess
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Fever
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Dyspnea
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Edema
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Toxic/ill
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |BP
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Dehydration
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |paCO<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |O<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Cl<sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |K<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Na<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Ca<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Mg<sup>+</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Renin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Bun
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Cr
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Urine Cl<sup>−</sup>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Gold standard diagnosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Other findings
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cytokine|Cytokines]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Catecholamine|Catecholamines]] ([[epinephrine]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Stimulation of bone marrow myelopoiesis
* Egress into the circulation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tretinoin|ATRA]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous increased bone marrow production
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive increased bone marrow production
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Allergy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Post [[splenectomy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Down syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Smoking|Cigarette smoking]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Stress (medicine)|Stress]]/[[Physical exercise|exercise]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infant|Infancy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pregnancy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Platelet]] clumping
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Spurious
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cryoglobulinemia|Mixed cryoglobulinemia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Spurious
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physiologic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Autonomous increased bone marrow production
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reactive increased bone marrow production
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Asplenia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepatosplenomegaly
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lymphadenopathy
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Joint redness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 21:38, 17 September 2018

Differentiating Leukocytosis from Other Diseases

Category Condition Etiology Mechanism Congenital Acquried Clinical manifestations Para−clinical findings Gold standard Associated findings
Demography History Symptoms Signs
Lab Findings
Physiologic Increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other CBC PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT
Autonomous Reactive WBC HB Plt
Hematologic Hereditary neutrophilia
  • Unknown
  • Germline mutation in CSF3R
- + -- - + - Rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder
  • Positive family history
Normal - - Nl - + - - - Nl Nl Nl Nl Nl Nl Genetic study
Hereditary chronic neutrophilia
Myeloproliferative neoplasms
Polycythemia vera
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
Leukoerythroblastosis
Immune thrombocytopenia
Immunology/

Rheumatology

Condition Etiology Physiologic Autonomous increased bone marrow production Reactive increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other signs WBC HB Plt PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT Gold standard Associated findings
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile onset rheumatoid arthritis
Adult Still's disease
Kawasaki disease
IBD
Sarcoidosis
Chronic hepatitis
Sweet syndrome
Acute gout
Infection Condition Etiology Physiologic Autonomous increased bone marrow production Reactive increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other signs WBC HB Plt PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT Gold standard Associated findings
Acute bacterial toxic granulations, Döhle bodies, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in neutrophils
Chronic infection
Viral infection
Granulomatous infections
Bronchiectasis
Metabolic Diabetic coma
Acidosis
Thyroid storm
Hypercortisolism
Seizures
Medication Condition Etiology Physiologic Autonomous increased bone marrow production Reactive increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other signs WBC HB Plt PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT Gold standard Associated findings
Steriod
  • Release of granulocytes from the bone marrow
Myeloid growth factors
Lithium
Cytokines
Catecholamines (epinephrine)
  • Stimulation of bone marrow myelopoiesis
  • Egress into the circulation
ATRA
Other Condition Etiology Physiologic Autonomous increased bone marrow production Reactive increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other signs WBC HB Plt PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT Gold standard Associated findings
Allergy
Post splenectomy
Down syndrome
Cigarette smoking
Stress/exercise
Infancy
Pregnancy
Platelet clumping Spurious
Mixed cryoglobulinemia Spurious
Category Condition Etiology Physiologic Autonomous increased bone marrow production Reactive increased bone marrow production Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils Congenital Acquried Demography History Appearance Fever Abdominal pain BP Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Joint redness Other signs WBC HB Plt PBS Bone marrow exam ESR/CRP BUN/Cr LFT Gold standard Associated findings