Macrocytic anemia causes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Macrocytic anemia}} | {{Macrocytic anemia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADS}}{{OK}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The common causes of megaloblastic anemia are less dietray intake, autoimmune disorders like[[pernicious anemia]], [[alcoholism]], increased demands like in [[pregnancy]] and due to drugs | The common causes of megaloblastic anemia are less dietray intake, autoimmune disorders like [[pernicious anemia]], [[alcoholism]], increased demands like in [[pregnancy]] and due to drugs. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:34, 19 October 2018
|
Macrocytic anemia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Macrocytic anemia causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Macrocytic anemia causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Macrocytic anemia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2] Omer Kamal, M.D.[3]
Overview
The common causes of megaloblastic anemia are less dietray intake, autoimmune disorders like pernicious anemia, alcoholism, increased demands like in pregnancy and due to drugs.
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of macrocytic anemia may include: causes of megaloblastic anemia and non megaloblastic anemia:[1][2][3]
Megaloblastic
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency:
- Deficient intake
- Deficient intrinsic factor (pernicious anaemia or gastrectomy)
- Bilogical competition for B12 by diverticulosis, fistula, intestinal anastomosis, achlorhydria and infection by the marine parasite Diphyllobothrium latum
- Selective B12 malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Ileal resection and bypass
- Folate Deficiency:
- Deficient intake
- Alcoholism
- Increased needs: pregnancy, infant, rapid cellular proliferation, and cirrhosis
- Malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
- Intestinal and jejunal resection
- Toxins and Drugs:
- Amobarbital sodium
- Cycloserine
- Cytarabine
- Ethotoin
- Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate)
- Pergolide
- Purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine)
- Pyrimidine antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
- Phenobarbital
- Pyrimethamine
- Secobarbital sodium
- Trimethoprim
- Erythroleukemia.
Non megaloblastic
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of macrocytsic anemia include: [4]
- Combined deficiency(vitamin B12 & folate) Tropical sprue
- Inherited DNA Synthesis Disorders: Deficient thiamine and factors (e.g. enzymes) responsible for folate metabolism.
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
- Methylmalonic aciduria
- Orotic aciduria
Genetic Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Amobarbital sodium, Cycloserine, Cytarabine, Ethotoin, Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate), Pergolide, Purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine), Pyrimidine antagonists (cytosine arabinoside), Phenobarbital, Pyrimethamine, Secobarbital sodium, Trimethoprim |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Hypothyroidism |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Chronic liver diseases, diverticulosis, fistula, intestinal anastomosis, achlorhydria |
| Genetic | Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Methylmalonic aciduria, Orotic aciduria |
| Hematologic | Myelodysplasia, Pernicious anemia, Reticulocytosis |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Diphyllobothrium latum |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Alcoholism, Folate deficiency,Orotic aciduria, Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Pregnancy |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
- Achlorhydria
- Alcoholism
- Amobarbital sodium
- Chronic liver diseases
- Cycloserine
- Cytarabine
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Diverticulosis
- Ethotoin
- Fistula
- Folate deficiency
- Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate)
- Hypothyroidism
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
- Methylmalonic aciduria
- Myelodysplasia
- Orotic aciduria
- Pergolide
- Pernicious anemia
- Purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine)
- Pyrimidine antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
- Phenobarbital
- Pregnancy
- Pyrimethamine
- Reticulocytosis
- Secobarbital sodium
- Trimethoprim
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
References
- ↑ Savage DG, Ogundipe A, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J (June 2000). "Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 319 (6): 343–52. PMID 10875288.
- ↑ Nagao T, Hirokawa M (October 2017). "Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults". J Gen Fam Med. 18 (5): 200–204. doi:10.1002/jgf2.31. PMC 5689413. PMID 29264027.
- ↑ Savage DG, Ogundipe A, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J (June 2000). "Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 319 (6): 343–52. PMID 10875288.
- ↑ Rosenblatt DS, Whitehead VM (January 1999). "Cobalamin and folate deficiency: acquired and hereditary disorders in children". Semin. Hematol. 36 (1): 19–34. PMID 9930566.