Lymphangioma (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{Lymphangioma (patient information)}} | {{Lymphangioma (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}{{Badria}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Lymphangioma]] is abnormality of [[lymph]] vessels. | [[Lymphangioma]] is abnormality of [[lymph]] vessels, which are normally involved in the re-circulation of excess body [[fluid]] back into the [[blood]] stream. The exact [[pathogenesis]] of [[lymphangioma]] is not fully understood. It is thought that [[lymphangioma]] is caused by either sequestration of [[lymph]] tissue, abnormal budding of [[lymph]] vessels, lack of fusion with the [[Venous|venous system]], or obstruction of lymph vessels. [[Lymphangiomas]] most commonly develop at the head and neck regions. | ||
==What are the symptoms of Lymphangioma?== | ==What are the symptoms of Lymphangioma?== | ||
* The majority of patients with lymphangioma are asymptomatic. | * The majority of patients with [[lymphangioma]] are asymptomatic. | ||
* As the mass increases in size, lymphangioma patients may develop site-specific symptoms, such as: | * As the mass increases in size, [[lymphangioma]] patients may develop site-specific symptoms, such as: | ||
:* [[Dysphagia]] | :* [[Dysphagia]] | ||
:* Difficulty breathing | :* Difficulty breathing | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
==What causes Lymphangioma?== | ==What causes Lymphangioma?== | ||
* There are no known direct causes for [[lymphangioma]]. | |||
* Cystic hygroma usually presents in syndromes such as [[Turner syndrome]] and [[Down syndrome]]. | |||
* Therefore it is thought that the lymphatic malformations can arise from [[Gene mutation|gene mutations]], occuring as missing or deleted part of [[Chromosome|chromosomes]]. | |||
* Acquired [[lymphangioma circumscriptum]] occur as a sequele of chronic [[lymphatic obstruction]] such as after [[surgery]], [[Infection|infections]] or [[radiotherapy]] | |||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of [[lymphangioma]] is the presence of genetic disorders such as [[Turner syndrome]], [[Down syndrome]], and [[Noonan syndrome]]. | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
=== Biopsy: === | |||
* [[Biopsy]] is used to analyze the structure of tissue. | |||
* It shows: | |||
**Dilated [[lymph]] channels ultimately causes the [[papillary]] [[dermis]] to expand. | |||
**These channels extend to [[subcutis]]. | |||
**Deeper vessels have larger [[lumen]] and [[muscular]] coat. | |||
**The lumen has lymphatic fluid, but it often contains [[red blood cells]], [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]], [[macrophage]]<nowiki/>s, and [[neutrophils]]. | |||
**These channels are lined by [[endothelial cells]]. | |||
**Numerous [[Lymphoid cell|lymphoid cells]] are also seen. | |||
=== Histochemical staining: === | |||
* Histochemical staining is recommended to document [[lymphangioma]]. | |||
=== MRI: === | |||
* MRI is primarily used for the diagnosis of [[lymphangioma]]. | |||
* MRI can mar the degree of involvement and extent of lesion. | |||
* MRI can prevent extensive, incomplete surgical resection, because poorly removed lesion can lead to recurrence. | |||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
In cases of severe complications of disease, such as | |||
* Difficulty breathing | |||
* Difficulty swallowing | |||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
==== Medical Therapy: ==== | |||
There is no medical treatment for lymphangioma; the mainstay of therapy is surgery. | |||
===== Surgery: ===== | |||
The mainstay of therapy for [[lymphangioma]] is surgery which involves the removal of the abnormal tissue; however complete removal may be impossible without removing other normal areas. Most patients need at least two procedures done for the removal process to be achieved. | |||
==Where to find medical care for Lymphangioma?== | ==Where to find medical care for Lymphangioma?== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 60: | ||
==Prevention of Lymphangioma== | ==Prevention of Lymphangioma== | ||
There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [[lymphangioma]]. | |||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
Prognosis of [[lymphangioma]] is generally good after surgical intervention. | |||
==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
*Common [[complications]] of [[lymphangiomas]] are primarily associated to the location of lesion. | |||
*Growth of lesion causes compressive effects on surrounding tissues. Which include following: | |||
**[[Dyspnea]]: Trachea | |||
**[[Dysphagia]]: Esophagous | |||
**[[Constipation]]: Gastrointestinal tract | |||
**[[Diplopia]] and [[proptosis]]: Retro-orbital tissue of [[eye]] | |||
**[[Wheeze]]: Lower Respiratory tract | |||
**[[Chest pain|Chest Pain]]: Mediastinum | |||
**[[Shortness of breath|Shortness of breadth]]: [[Lung|Lungs]] | |||
**Bladder Obstruction: [[Urinary tract]] | |||
**Bone loss or overgrowth: Skeletal tissue | |||
**[[Inflammation]] or [[bleeding]] into the lesion | |||
**Recurrent [[Cellulitis]]:Visible deformity | |||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
| Line 49: | Line 95: | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Vascular medicine]] | [[Category:Vascular medicine]] | ||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 16:47, 1 November 2018
For the WikiDoc page on this topic, click here
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Lymphangioma |
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Lymphangioma On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Badria Munir M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Lymphangioma is abnormality of lymph vessels, which are normally involved in the re-circulation of excess body fluid back into the blood stream. The exact pathogenesis of lymphangioma is not fully understood. It is thought that lymphangioma is caused by either sequestration of lymph tissue, abnormal budding of lymph vessels, lack of fusion with the venous system, or obstruction of lymph vessels. Lymphangiomas most commonly develop at the head and neck regions.
What are the symptoms of Lymphangioma?
- The majority of patients with lymphangioma are asymptomatic.
- As the mass increases in size, lymphangioma patients may develop site-specific symptoms, such as:
- Dysphagia
- Difficulty breathing
- Constipation
- Failure to thrive
What causes Lymphangioma?
- There are no known direct causes for lymphangioma.
- Cystic hygroma usually presents in syndromes such as Turner syndrome and Down syndrome.
- Therefore it is thought that the lymphatic malformations can arise from gene mutations, occuring as missing or deleted part of chromosomes.
- Acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum occur as a sequele of chronic lymphatic obstruction such as after surgery, infections or radiotherapy
Who is at highest risk?
The most potent risk factor in the development of lymphangioma is the presence of genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and Noonan syndrome.
Diagnosis
Biopsy:
- Biopsy is used to analyze the structure of tissue.
- It shows:
- Dilated lymph channels ultimately causes the papillary dermis to expand.
- These channels extend to subcutis.
- Deeper vessels have larger lumen and muscular coat.
- The lumen has lymphatic fluid, but it often contains red blood cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
- These channels are lined by endothelial cells.
- Numerous lymphoid cells are also seen.
Histochemical staining:
- Histochemical staining is recommended to document lymphangioma.
MRI:
- MRI is primarily used for the diagnosis of lymphangioma.
- MRI can mar the degree of involvement and extent of lesion.
- MRI can prevent extensive, incomplete surgical resection, because poorly removed lesion can lead to recurrence.
When to seek urgent medical care?
In cases of severe complications of disease, such as
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
Treatment options
Medical Therapy:
There is no medical treatment for lymphangioma; the mainstay of therapy is surgery.
Surgery:
The mainstay of therapy for lymphangioma is surgery which involves the removal of the abnormal tissue; however complete removal may be impossible without removing other normal areas. Most patients need at least two procedures done for the removal process to be achieved.
Where to find medical care for Lymphangioma?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Lymphangioma
Prevention of Lymphangioma
There are no established measures for the primary prevention of lymphangioma.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally good after surgical intervention.
Possible complications
- Common complications of lymphangiomas are primarily associated to the location of lesion.
- Growth of lesion causes compressive effects on surrounding tissues. Which include following:
- Dyspnea: Trachea
- Dysphagia: Esophagous
- Constipation: Gastrointestinal tract
- Diplopia and proptosis: Retro-orbital tissue of eye
- Wheeze: Lower Respiratory tract
- Chest Pain: Mediastinum
- Shortness of breadth: Lungs
- Bladder Obstruction: Urinary tract
- Bone loss or overgrowth: Skeletal tissue
- Inflammation or bleeding into the lesion
- Recurrent Cellulitis:Visible deformity