Subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}} | {{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}} | ||
{{CMG}}; | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SAH}} {{CZ}}; {{SaraM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include [[tobacco smoking|smoking]], [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure) and excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, [[hormone replacement therapy]], and a higher than normal [[cholesterol]].<ref name=SAH1>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref><ref name="pmid16282541">{{cite journal| author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J et al.| title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 12 | pages= 2773-80 | pmid=16282541 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282541 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include [[tobacco smoking|smoking]], [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure) and excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, [[hormone replacement therapy]], and a higher than normal [[cholesterol]].<ref name=SAH1>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref><ref name="pmid16282541">{{cite journal| author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J et al.| title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 12 | pages= 2773-80 | pmid=16282541 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282541 }} </ref> | ||
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*Moyamoya syndrome | *Moyamoya syndrome | ||
===Other risk factors=== | ===Other risk factors=== | ||
*[[ | *[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | ||
*[[Head injury]] | *[[Head injury]] | ||
*[[Hypertension]] | *[[Hypertension]] | ||
*[[Cigarette smoking]] | *[[Cigarette smoking]] | ||
*[[Estrogen|Estrogen deficiency]] | *[[Estrogen|Estrogen deficiency]] | ||
*Female gender (1.5 fold) | |||
*[[African]] [[race]] (2 fold) | |||
*[[Japanese]] or [[Finnish]] descent | |||
*[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | *[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | ||
* | *[[Effects of alcohol on the body|Excessive alcohol intake]] | ||
*[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | *[[Arteriovenous malformation]] | ||
== Trigger factors== | == Trigger factors== | ||
Common trigger events in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:<ref name="pmid12775890">{{cite journal| author=Anderson C, Ni Mhurchu C, Scott D, Bennett D, Jamrozik K, Hankey G et al.| title=Triggers of subarachnoid hemorrhage: role of physical exertion, smoking, and alcohol in the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS). | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 7 | pages= 1771-6 | pmid=12775890 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000077015.90334.A7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12775890 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5071430">{{cite journal| author=Penrose RJ| title=Life events before subarachnoid haemorrhage. | journal=J Psychosom Res | year= 1972 | volume= 16 | issue= 5 | pages= 329-33 | pmid=5071430 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5071430 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21546472">{{cite journal| author=Vlak MH, Rinkel GJ, Greebe P, van der Bom JG, Algra A| title=Trigger factors and their attributable risk for rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a case-crossover study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2011 | volume= 42 | issue= 7 | pages= 1878-82 | pmid=21546472 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606558 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21546472 }} </ref> | Common trigger events in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:<ref name="pmid12775890">{{cite journal| author=Anderson C, Ni Mhurchu C, Scott D, Bennett D, Jamrozik K, Hankey G et al.| title=Triggers of subarachnoid hemorrhage: role of physical exertion, smoking, and alcohol in the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS). | journal=Stroke | year= 2003 | volume= 34 | issue= 7 | pages= 1771-6 | pmid=12775890 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000077015.90334.A7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12775890 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5071430">{{cite journal| author=Penrose RJ| title=Life events before subarachnoid haemorrhage. | journal=J Psychosom Res | year= 1972 | volume= 16 | issue= 5 | pages= 329-33 | pmid=5071430 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5071430 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21546472">{{cite journal| author=Vlak MH, Rinkel GJ, Greebe P, van der Bom JG, Algra A| title=Trigger factors and their attributable risk for rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a case-crossover study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2011 | volume= 42 | issue= 7 | pages= 1878-82 | pmid=21546472 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606558 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21546472 }} </ref> | ||
* | *Physical exertion | ||
*Acute elevation in blood pressure | *Acute [[Hypertension|elevation in blood pressure]] | ||
*[[Caffeine]] consumption | *[[Caffeine]] consumption | ||
*Acute anger | *Acute anger | ||
*Startling | *Startling | ||
*Sexual exertion | *Sexual exertion | ||
The highest incidence of rupture occurred while patients were engaged in their daily routines, in the absence of strenuous physical activity.<ref name= Matsuda> Matsuda M, Watanabe K, Saito A, Matsumura K, Ichikawa M. Circum- stances, activities, and events precipitating aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;16:25–29.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:25, 4 November 2018
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2012)
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Case Studies |
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Ahsan Hussain, M.D.[2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [4]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include smoking, hypertension (high blood pressure) and excessive alcohol intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, hormone replacement therapy, and a higher than normal cholesterol.[1][2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Hereditary
- Connective tissue diseases
- Familial hyperaldosteronism type I
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
- Moyamoya syndrome
Other risk factors
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Head injury
- Hypertension
- Cigarette smoking
- Estrogen deficiency
- Female gender (1.5 fold)
- African race (2 fold)
- Japanese or Finnish descent
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Arteriovenous malformation
Trigger factors
Common trigger events in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:[11][12][13]
- Physical exertion
- Acute elevation in blood pressure
- Caffeine consumption
- Acute anger
- Startling
- Sexual exertion
The highest incidence of rupture occurred while patients were engaged in their daily routines, in the absence of strenuous physical activity.[14]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM; et al. (2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J; et al. (2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
- ↑ Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E; et al. (2000). "c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1826–32. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432501. PMID 11117973.
- ↑ Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P; et al. (1991). "A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review". Neurology. 41 (8): 1173–7. PMID 1866000.
- ↑ Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P (1987). "Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report". J Neurosurg. 66 (5): 779–81. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779. PMID 3572505.
- ↑ Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ; et al. (2010). "Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer". Neurology. 74 (6): 494–501. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef837. PMC 2830918. PMID 20142616.
- ↑ Risselada R, Straatman H, van Kooten F, Dippel DW, van der Lugt A, Niessen WJ; et al. (2009). "Withdrawal of statins and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage". Stroke. 40 (8): 2887–92. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.552760. PMID 19520985.
- ↑ Leppälä JM, Paunio M, Virtamo J, Fogelholm R, Albanes D, Taylor PR; et al. (1999). "Alcohol consumption and stroke incidence in male smokers". Circulation. 100 (11): 1209–14. PMID 10484542.
- ↑ Bederson JB, Awad IA, Wiebers DO, Piepgras D, Haley EC, Brott T; et al. (2000). "Recommendations for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association". Circulation. 102 (18): 2300–8. PMID 11056108.
- ↑ Vlak MH, Rinkel GJ, Greebe P, Greving JP, Algra A (2013). "Lifetime risks for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: multivariable risk stratification". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 84 (6): 619–23. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-303783. PMID 23355806.
- ↑ Anderson C, Ni Mhurchu C, Scott D, Bennett D, Jamrozik K, Hankey G; et al. (2003). "Triggers of subarachnoid hemorrhage: role of physical exertion, smoking, and alcohol in the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS)". Stroke. 34 (7): 1771–6. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000077015.90334.A7. PMID 12775890.
- ↑ Penrose RJ (1972). "Life events before subarachnoid haemorrhage". J Psychosom Res. 16 (5): 329–33. PMID 5071430.
- ↑ Vlak MH, Rinkel GJ, Greebe P, van der Bom JG, Algra A (2011). "Trigger factors and their attributable risk for rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a case-crossover study". Stroke. 42 (7): 1878–82. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606558. PMID 21546472.
- ↑ Matsuda M, Watanabe K, Saito A, Matsumura K, Ichikawa M. Circum- stances, activities, and events precipitating aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;16:25–29.