Pneumomediastinum CT: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Trushatank (talk | contribs)
1,772 edits
No edit summary
Trushatank (talk | contribs)
1,772 edits
No edit summary
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
==CT==
==CT==


The following finding(s) on performing CT-scan of the chest is confirmatory for pneumomediastinum<ref>{{cite book |title=Taveras, J., & Ferrucci, J. (1986). Radiology. Diagnosis/imaging/intervention. 5 volumes. Annual revision service. R. Health Professions,Philadelphia, PA}}</ref><ref name="SandlerLlbshltz1975">{{cite journal|last1=Sandler|first1=Carl M.|last2=Llbshltz|first2=Herman I.|last3=Marks|first3=Gerald|last4=Libshitz|first4=Herman I.|title=Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction|journal=Radiology|volume=115|issue=3|year=1975|pages=539–540|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/15.3.539}}</ref><ref name="KimYoo2016">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Hye Rin|last2=Yoo|first2=Seung Min|last3=Lee|first3=Hwa Yeon|last4=Han|first4=Jin Hee|last5=Frazier|first5=Aletta A|last6=White|first6=Charles S|title=Presence of subpleural pulmonary interstitial emphysema as an indication of single or multiple alveolar ruptures on CT in patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum|journal=Acta Radiologica|volume=57|issue=12|year=2016|pages=1483–1489|issn=0284-1851|doi=10.1177/0284185116629830}}</ref><ref name="Moseley1960">{{cite journal|last1=Moseley|first1=John E.|title=Loculated Pneumomediastinum in the Newborn|journal=Radiology|volume=75|issue=5|year=1960|pages=788–790|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/75.5.788}}</ref><ref name="pmid6725378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hammond DI |title=The "ring-around-the-artery" sign in pneumomediastinum |journal=J Can Assoc Radiol |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=88–9 |date=March 1984 |pmid=6725378 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Levin1973">{{cite journal|last1=Levin|first1=Bertram|title=The continuous diaphragm sign|journal=Clinical Radiology|volume=24|issue=3|year=1973|pages=337–338|issn=00099260|doi=10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9}}</ref><ref name="LillardAllen1965">{{cite journal|last1=Lillard|first1=Richard L.|last2=Allen|first2=Parker|title=The Extrapleural Air Sign in Pneumomediastinum|journal=Radiology|volume=85|issue=6|year=1965|pages=1093–1098|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/85.6.1093}}</ref>:
The following findings are associated with pneumomediastinum on CT-scan of the chest:<ref>{{cite book |title=Taveras, J., & Ferrucci, J. (1986). Radiology. Diagnosis/imaging/intervention. 5 volumes. Annual revision service. R. Health Professions,Philadelphia, PA}}</ref><ref name="SandlerLlbshltz1975">{{cite journal|last1=Sandler|first1=Carl M.|last2=Llbshltz|first2=Herman I.|last3=Marks|first3=Gerald|last4=Libshitz|first4=Herman I.|title=Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction|journal=Radiology|volume=115|issue=3|year=1975|pages=539–540|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/15.3.539}}</ref><ref name="KimYoo2016">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Hye Rin|last2=Yoo|first2=Seung Min|last3=Lee|first3=Hwa Yeon|last4=Han|first4=Jin Hee|last5=Frazier|first5=Aletta A|last6=White|first6=Charles S|title=Presence of subpleural pulmonary interstitial emphysema as an indication of single or multiple alveolar ruptures on CT in patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum|journal=Acta Radiologica|volume=57|issue=12|year=2016|pages=1483–1489|issn=0284-1851|doi=10.1177/0284185116629830}}</ref><ref name="Moseley1960">{{cite journal|last1=Moseley|first1=John E.|title=Loculated Pneumomediastinum in the Newborn|journal=Radiology|volume=75|issue=5|year=1960|pages=788–790|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/75.5.788}}</ref><ref name="pmid6725378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hammond DI |title=The "ring-around-the-artery" sign in pneumomediastinum |journal=J Can Assoc Radiol |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=88–9 |date=March 1984 |pmid=6725378 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Levin1973">{{cite journal|last1=Levin|first1=Bertram|title=The continuous diaphragm sign|journal=Clinical Radiology|volume=24|issue=3|year=1973|pages=337–338|issn=00099260|doi=10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9}}</ref><ref name="LillardAllen1965">{{cite journal|last1=Lillard|first1=Richard L.|last2=Allen|first2=Parker|title=The Extrapleural Air Sign in Pneumomediastinum|journal=Radiology|volume=85|issue=6|year=1965|pages=1093–1098|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/85.6.1093}}</ref>
 
*[[Subcutaneous emphysema]].
*Naclerio V sign: Seen in pneumomediastinum occurring often secondary to an oesophageal rupture but it is not entirely specific to that condition.
*Gas anterior to [[pericardium]]: [[Pneumopericardium]].
*Gas around the [[pulmonary artery]] and main branches: Ring around artery sign.
*Gas outlining major aortic branches: Tubular artery sign.
*Gas outlining bronchial wall: Double bronchial wall sign.
*Continuous diaphragm sign: Gas trapped posterior to the pericardium.
*Gas between [[pleura]] and [[diaphragm]]: extrapleural sign.
*Gas in [[pulmonary ligament]].


*[[Subcutaneous emphysema]]
*Naclerio V sign
**Seen in pneumomediastinum occurring often secondary to an oesophageal rupture but it is not entirely specific to that condition.
*[[Pneumopericardium]]
**Gas anterior to [[pericardium]]
*Ring around artery sign
**Gas around [[Pulmonary artery|pulmonary artery and main branches]]
*Tubular artery sign
**Gas outlining major [[Aorta|aortic branches]]
*Double bronchial wall sign
**Gas outlining [[Bronchus|bronchial wall]]
*Continuous [[Diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]] sign
**Gas trapped posterior to [[pericardium]]
*Extrapleural sign
**Gas between [[parietal pleura]] and diaphragm
*Gas in [[pulmonary ligament]]
Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:
Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:
 
*Thymic wing sign
*Elevated [[thymus]]: thymic wing sign.
**Elevated [[thymus]]
*Gas crossing the [[superior mediastinum]]: haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting).
*Haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting)
**Gas crossing the [[superior mediastinum]]


<gallery>
<gallery>

Latest revision as of 20:32, 17 December 2018

Pneumomediastinum Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pneumomediastinum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Pneumomediastinum CT On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum CT

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pneumomediastinum CT

CDC on Pneumomediastinum CT

Pneumomediastinum CT in the news

Blogs on Pneumomediastinum CT

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumomediastinum

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum CT

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]

Overview

The diagnosis can be confirmed via chest X-ray showing a radiolucent outline around the heart and mediastinum or via CT scanning of the thorax.

CT

The following findings are associated with pneumomediastinum on CT-scan of the chest:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Pediatric pneumomediastinum has different appearances:

  • Thymic wing sign
  • Haystack sign (the heart appears like a haystack in a Monet painting)
  • A CT scan showing air in the mediastinum
    A CT scan showing air in the mediastinum

Images shown below are courtesy of RadsWiki.

  • Pneumomediastinum
    Pneumomediastinum
  • Pneumomediastinum
    Pneumomediastinum
  • Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax
    Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax
  • Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax
    Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax
  • Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema
    Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema

References

  1. ↑ Taveras, J., & Ferrucci, J. (1986). Radiology. Diagnosis/imaging/intervention. 5 volumes. Annual revision service. R. Health Professions,Philadelphia, PA.
  2. ↑ Sandler, Carl M.; Llbshltz, Herman I.; Marks, Gerald; Libshitz, Herman I. (1975). "Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction". Radiology. 115 (3): 539–540. doi:10.1148/15.3.539. ISSN 0033-8419.
  3. ↑ Kim, Hye Rin; Yoo, Seung Min; Lee, Hwa Yeon; Han, Jin Hee; Frazier, Aletta A; White, Charles S (2016). "Presence of subpleural pulmonary interstitial emphysema as an indication of single or multiple alveolar ruptures on CT in patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum". Acta Radiologica. 57 (12): 1483–1489. doi:10.1177/0284185116629830. ISSN 0284-1851.
  4. ↑ Moseley, John E. (1960). "Loculated Pneumomediastinum in the Newborn". Radiology. 75 (5): 788–790. doi:10.1148/75.5.788. ISSN 0033-8419.
  5. ↑ Hammond DI (March 1984). "The "ring-around-the-artery" sign in pneumomediastinum". J Can Assoc Radiol. 35 (1): 88–9. PMID 6725378.
  6. ↑ Levin, Bertram (1973). "The continuous diaphragm sign". Clinical Radiology. 24 (3): 337–338. doi:10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9. ISSN 0009-9260.
  7. ↑ Lillard, Richard L.; Allen, Parker (1965). "The Extrapleural Air Sign in Pneumomediastinum". Radiology. 85 (6): 1093–1098. doi:10.1148/85.6.1093. ISSN 0033-8419.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Pneumomediastinum_CT&oldid=1510239"