NDUFAF1 is located on the q arm of chromosome 15 in position 15.1.[3] The NDUFAF1 gene produces a 37.8 kDa protein composed of 327 amino acids.[10][11] NDUFAF1 is associated to complexes of 600 and 700 kDa.[4] Complex I is structured in a bipartite L-shaped configuration, which is made up of a peripheral matrix arm, consisting of flavoproteins and iron-sulfur proteins involved in electron transfer, and a membrane arm, consisting of mtDNA-encoded subunits involved in ubiquinone reduction and proton pumping.[9] NDUFAF1 has been shown to interact with assembly intermediates and may play roles in the correct assembly and combination of the peripheral arm to the complete membrane arm as well as in the stabilization and scaffolding of those intermediates through those close interactions.[4]
Function
NDUFAF1 is an assembly factor that is important for the correct assembly of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). It ensures the correct combination of complex intermediates and is necessary for the correct functioning of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). Specifically, NDUFAF1 binds to the large membrane arm intermediate and is involved in the combination of the small and large membrane arm intermediates of complex I. It has also been suggested that NDUFAF1 is involved in the stabilization and scaffolding of assembly intermediates and that this role may be more prominent than its part in intermediate combination.[4]
In a patient with missense mutations in NDUFAF1, fatal infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. In this case, complex I disassembly resulted in a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy with marked lactic acidosis.[7] Another patient, a child with a compound heterozygous mutation (c.278A > G; c.247G > A) within exon 2 in the NDUFAF1 gene, was diagnosed with leukodystrophy associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Signs and symptoms included regression of mental and motor development, white matter lesions, peripheral neuropathy with high muscle tension and hyperreflexia of limbs, and high levels of lactate and creatine kinase. The parents were found to be heterozygous carriers for the mutation.[8] A third patient was found to have a mutation in both alleles of the NDUFAF1 gene and was diagnosed with cardioencephalomyopathy and reduced levels and activity of complex I.[9]
Interactions
In addition to co-complexes, NDUFAF1 has protein-protein interactions with PNLIPRP1,[13] TMEM97,[14] TMEM86B,[15]YIPF6,[16] SLC30A2,[17] ATIC,[18] and MAGEA11.[19]
References
↑Janssen R, Smeitink J, Smeets R, van Den Heuvel L (March 2002). "CIA30 complex I assembly factor: a candidate for human complex I deficiency?". Human Genetics. 110 (3): 264–70. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0673-3. PMID11935339.
↑ 4.04.14.24.3Vogel RO, Janssen RJ, Ugalde C, Grovenstein M, Huijbens RJ, Visch HJ, van den Heuvel LP, Willems PH, Zeviani M, Smeitink JA, Nijtmans LG (October 2005). "Human mitochondrial complex I assembly is mediated by NDUFAF1". The FEBS Journal. 272 (20): 5317–26. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04928.x. PMID16218961.
↑ 7.07.1Fassone E, Taanman JW, Hargreaves IP, Sebire NJ, Cleary MA, Burch M, Rahman S (October 2011). "Mutations in the mitochondrial complex I assembly factor NDUFAF1 cause fatal infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Journal of Medical Genetics. 48 (10): 691–7. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100340. PMID21931170.
↑ 8.08.1Wu L, Peng J, Ma Y, He F, Deng X, Wang G, Lifen Y, Yin F (2016). "Leukodystrophy associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency due to a novel mutation in the NDUFAF1 gene". Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis. 27 (2): 1034–7. doi:10.3109/19401736.2014.926543. PMID24963768.
Küffner R, Rohr A, Schmiede A, Krüll C, Schulte U (October 1998). "Involvement of two novel chaperones in the assembly of mitochondrial NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I)". Journal of Molecular Biology. 283 (2): 409–17. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2114. PMID9769214.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID16189514.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC1847948. PMID17353931.
Vogel RO, van den Brand MA, Rodenburg RJ, van den Heuvel LP, Tsuneoka M, Smeitink JA, Nijtmans LG (June 2007). "Investigation of the complex I assembly chaperones B17.2L and NDUFAF1 in a cohort of CI deficient patients". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 91 (2): 176–82. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.02.007. PMID17383918.