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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Beclin-1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''BECN1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9765397">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liang XH, Kleeman LK, Jiang HH, Gordon G, Goldman JE, Berry G, Herman B, Levine B | title = Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 72 | issue = 11 | pages = 8586–96 | date = Nov 1998 | pmid = 9765397 | pmc = 110269 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BECN1 beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8678| accessdate = }}</ref> Beclin-1 is a mammalian  [[Homology (biology)#Orthology|ortholog]] of the yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg6)&nbsp; and BEC-1 in the [[Caenorhabditis elegans|C. elegans]] [[nematode]].<ref name="pmid16111945">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takacs-Vellai K, Vellai T, Puoti A, Passannante M, Wicky C, Streit A, Kovacs AL, Müller F | title = Inactivation of the autophagy gene bec-1 triggers apoptotic cell death in C. elegans | journal = Current Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 16 | pages = 1513–7 | date = Aug 2005 | pmid = 16111945 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.035 }}</ref> This protein interacts with either [[Bcl-2|BCL-2]] or [[Phosphoinositide 3-kinase|PI3k]] class III, playing a critical role in the regulation of both [[autophagy]] and [[cell death]].
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Role in disease ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_BECN1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2p1l.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2p1l}}
| Name = Beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein)
| HGNCid = 1034
| Symbol = BECN1
| AltSymbols =; ATG6; VPS30
| OMIM = 604378
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 2794
| MGIid = 1891828
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BECN1_208946_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_BECN1_208945_s_at_tn.png
| Function =
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006914 |text = autophagy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 8678
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000126581
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003757
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003766
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 38215681
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 38229816
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q14457
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 56208
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000035086
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001005066
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001005066
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 101102042
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 101118363
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q99J03
  }}
}}
'''Beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein)''', also known as '''BECN1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BECN1 beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8678| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
Beclin-1 is also known as autophagy-related gene (Atg) 6. Beclin-1 and its binding partner class III [[phosphoinositide 3-kinase]] (PI3K), also named [[Vps34]], are required for the initiation of the formation of the autophagasome in [[autophagy]].
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


==Further reading==
Beclin-1 plays an important role in [[Carcinogenesis|tumorigenesis]], and [[neurodegeneration]], being implicated in the [[Autophagy|autophagic]] [[programmed cell death]].<ref name="pmid19270693">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhong Y, Wang QJ, Li X, Yan Y, Backer JM, Chait BT, Heintz N, Yue Z | title = Distinct regulation of autophagic activity by Atg14L and Rubicon associated with Beclin 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase complex | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 468–76 | date = Apr 2009 | pmid = 19270693 | pmc = 2664389 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1854 }}</ref> [[Ovarian cancer]] with upregulated [[autophagy]] has a less aggressive behavior and is more responsive to chemotherapy.<ref name="Valente_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Valente G, Morani F, Nicotra G, Fusco N, Peracchio C, Titone R, Alabiso O, Arisio R, Katsaros D, Benedetto C, Isidoro C | title = Expression and clinical significance of the autophagy proteins BECLIN 1 and LC3 in ovarian cancer | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2014 | issue =  | pages = 462658 | year = 2014 | pmid = 25136588 | pmc = 4127242 | doi = 10.1155/2014/462658 }}</ref>
 
[[Schizophrenia]] is associated with low levels of Beclin-1 in the hippocampus of the affected which causes diminished [[autophagy]] which in turn results in increased neuronal cell death.<ref name="pmid24365867">{{cite journal | vauthors = Merenlender-Wagner A, Malishkevich A, Shemer Z, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Scarr E, Dean B, Levine J, Agam G, Gozes I | title = Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 126–32 | date = Feb 2015 | pmid = 24365867 | doi = 10.1038/mp.2013.174 | laysummary = http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270725.php | laysource = MediLexicon International Ltd | pmc = 4320293 }}</ref>
 
== Interactions ==
 
BECN1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[Bcl-2]]<ref name="pmid9765397" />
* [[BCL2L2]]<ref name="pmid17643073">{{cite journal | vauthors = Erlich S, Mizrachy L, Segev O, Lindenboim L, Zmira O, Adi-Harel S, Hirsch JA, Stein R, Pinkas-Kramarski R | title = Differential interactions between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 family members | journal = Autophagy | volume = 3 | issue = 6 | pages = 561–8 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17643073 | doi = 10.4161/auto.4713 }}</ref>
* [[GOPC]]<ref name="pmid12372286">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yue Z, Horton A, Bravin M, DeJager PL, Selimi F, Heintz N | title = A novel protein complex linking the delta 2 glutamate receptor and autophagy: implications for neurodegeneration in lurcher mice | journal = Neuron | volume = 35 | issue = 5 | pages = 921–33 | date = Aug 2002 | pmid = 12372286 | doi = 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00861-9 }}</ref>
* [[MAP1LC3A]]<ref name="Valente_2014" />
 
== Modulators ==
 
;Trehalose: [[Trehalose]] reduces p62/Beclin-1 ratio and increases [[autophagy]] in the frontal cortex of ICR mice, possibly by increasing Beclin-1.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kara NZ, Toker L, Agam G, Anderson GW, Belmaker RH, Einat H | title = Trehalose induced antidepressant-like effects and autophagy enhancement in mice | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 229 | issue = 2 | pages = 367–75 | date = Sep 2013 | pmid = 23644913 | doi = 10.1007/s00213-013-3119-4 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Funderburk SF, Wang QJ, Yue Z | title = The Beclin 1-VPS34 complex--at the crossroads of autophagy and beyond | journal = Trends in Cell Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 6 | pages = 355–62 | date = Jun 2010 | pmid = 20356743 | doi = 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.03.002 | pmc=3781210}}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rommens JM, Durocher F, McArthur J, Tonin P, LeBlanc JF, Allen T, Samson C, Ferri L, Narod S, Morgan K | title = Generation of a transcription map at the HSD17B locus centromeric to BRCA1 at 17q21 | journal = Genomics | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 530–42 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7490091 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.1185 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rommens JM, Durocher F, McArthur J, ''et al.'' |title=Generation of a transcription map at the HSD17B locus centromeric to BRCA1 at 17q21. |journal=Genomics |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 530-42 |year= 1996 |pmid= 7490091 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–56 | date = Oct 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Aita VM, Liang XH, Murty VV, Pincus DL, Yu W, Cayanis E, Kalachikov S, Gilliam TC, Levine B | title = Cloning and genomic organization of beclin 1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17q21 | journal = Genomics | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–65 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10395800 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1999.5851 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liang XH, Kleeman LK, Jiang HH, ''et al.'' |title=Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=72 |issue= 11 |pages= 8586-96 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9765397 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liang XH, Jackson S, Seaman M, Brown K, Kempkes B, Hibshoosh H, Levine B | title = Induction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1 | journal = Nature | volume = 402 | issue = 6762 | pages = 672–6 | date = Dec 1999 | pmid = 10604474 | doi = 10.1038/45257 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Aita VM, Liang XH, Murty VV, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and genomic organization of beclin 1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17q21. |journal=Genomics |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 59-65 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10395800 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5851 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kihara A, Kabeya Y, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T | title = Beclin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 330–5 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11306555 | pmc = 1083858 | doi = 10.1093/embo-reports/kve061 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liang XH, Jackson S, Seaman M, ''et al.'' |title=Induction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1. |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6762 |pages= 672-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10604474 |doi= 10.1038/45257 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liang XH, Yu J, Brown K, Levine B | title = Beclin 1 contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that is required for its autophagy and tumor suppressor function | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 61 | issue = 8 | pages = 3443–9 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11309306 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kihara A, Kabeya Y, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T |title=Beclin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=2 |issue= 4 |pages= 330-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306555 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kve061 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Weinmann AS, Bartley SM, Zhang T, Zhang MQ, Farnham PJ | title = Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation to clone novel E2F target promoters | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 20 | pages = 6820–32 | date = Oct 2001 | pmid = 11564866 | pmc = 99859 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.20.6820-6832.2001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liang XH, Yu J, Brown K, Levine B |title=Beclin 1 contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that is required for its autophagy and tumor suppressor function. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue= 8 |pages= 3443-9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11309306 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yue Z, Horton A, Bravin M, DeJager PL, Selimi F, Heintz N | title = A novel protein complex linking the delta 2 glutamate receptor and autophagy: implications for neurodegeneration in lurcher mice | journal = Neuron | volume = 35 | issue = 5 | pages = 921–33 | date = Aug 2002 | pmid = 12372286 | doi = 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00861-9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Weinmann AS, Bartley SM, Zhang T, ''et al.'' |title=Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation to clone novel E2F target promoters. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=21 |issue= 20 |pages= 6820-32 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11564866 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.21.20.6820-6832.2001 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Song H, Xia SL, Liao C, Li YL, Wang YF, Li TP, Zhao MJ | title = Genes encoding Pir51, Beclin 1, RbAp48 and aldolase b are up or down-regulated in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 509–13 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14966907 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v10.i4.509}}
*{{cite journal | author=Yue Z, Horton A, Bravin M, ''et al.'' |title=A novel protein complex linking the delta 2 glutamate receptor and autophagy: implications for neurodegeneration in lurcher mice. |journal=Neuron |volume=35 |issue= 5 |pages= 921-33 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12372286 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Scarlatti F, Bauvy C, Ventruti A, Sala G, Cluzeaud F, Vandewalle A, Ghidoni R, Codogno P | title = Ceramide-mediated macroautophagy involves inhibition of protein kinase B and up-regulation of beclin 1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 18 | pages = 18384–91 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 14970205 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M313561200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Furuya D, Tsuji N, Yagihashi A, Watanabe N | title = Beclin 1 augmented cis-diamminedichloroplatinum induced apoptosis via enhancing caspase-9 activity | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 307 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–40 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 15922724 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.02.023 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Song H, Xia SL, Liao C, ''et al.'' |title=Genes encoding Pir51, Beclin 1, RbAp48 and aldolase b are up or down-regulated in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 509-13 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14966907 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kruse KB, Brodsky JL, McCracken AA | title = Characterization of an ERAD gene as VPS30/ATG6 reveals two alternative and functionally distinct protein quality control pathways: one for soluble Z variant of human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PiZ) and another for aggregates of A1PiZ | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 203–12 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16267277 | pmc = 1345659 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E04-09-0779 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scarlatti F, Bauvy C, Ventruti A, ''et al.'' |title=Ceramide-mediated macroautophagy involves inhibition of protein kinase B and up-regulation of beclin 1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 18 |pages= 18384-91 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14970205 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M313561200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zeng X, Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA | title = Functional specificity of the mammalian Beclin-Vps34 PI 3-kinase complex in macroautophagy versus endocytosis and lysosomal enzyme trafficking | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 119 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 259–70 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16390869 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.02735 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Shibata M, Lu T, Furuya T, Degterev A, Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, MacDonald M, Yankner B, Yuan J | title = Regulation of intracellular accumulation of mutant Huntingtin by Beclin 1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 281 | issue = 20 | pages = 14474–85 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16522639 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M600364200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Furuya D, Tsuji N, Yagihashi A, Watanabe N |title=Beclin 1 augmented cis-diamminedichloroplatinum induced apoptosis via enhancing caspase-9 activity. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=307 |issue= 1 |pages= 26-40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15922724 |doi= 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.02.023 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, Fisk CJ, Li N, Smolyar A, Hill DE, Barabási AL, Vidal M, Zoghbi HY | title = A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration | journal = Cell | volume = 125 | issue = 4 | pages = 801–14 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16713569 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kruse KB, Brodsky JL, McCracken AA |title=Characterization of an ERAD gene as VPS30/ATG6 reveals two alternative and functionally distinct protein quality control pathways: one for soluble Z variant of human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PiZ) and another for aggregates of A1PiZ. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 203-12 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16267277 |doi= 10.1091/mbc.E04-09-0779 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Daniel F, Legrand A, Pessayre D, Vadrot N, Descatoire V, Bernuau D | title = Partial Beclin 1 silencing aggravates doxorubicin- and Fas-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 12 | issue = 18 | pages = 2895–900 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16718815 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v12.i18.2895 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zeng X, Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA |title=Functional specificity of the mammalian Beclin-Vps34 PI 3-kinase complex in macroautophagy versus endocytosis and lysosomal enzyme trafficking. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=119 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 259-70 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16390869 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.02735 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shibata M, Lu T, Furuya T, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of intracellular accumulation of mutant Huntingtin by Beclin 1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 20 |pages= 14474-85 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16522639 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M600364200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, ''et al.'' |title=A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. |journal=Cell |volume=125 |issue= 4 |pages= 801-14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16713569 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Daniel F, Legrand A, Pessayre D, ''et al.'' |title=Partial Beclin 1 silencing aggravates doxorubicin- and Fas-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=12 |issue= 18 |pages= 2895-900 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16718815 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
==External links==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* {{UCSC gene info|BECN1}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=8678}}
 
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Human proteins]]

Latest revision as of 09:25, 16 May 2018

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Identifiers
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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Beclin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BECN1 gene.[1][2] Beclin-1 is a mammalian ortholog of the yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg6)  and BEC-1 in the C. elegans nematode.[3] This protein interacts with either BCL-2 or PI3k class III, playing a critical role in the regulation of both autophagy and cell death.

Role in disease

Beclin-1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration, being implicated in the autophagic programmed cell death.[4] Ovarian cancer with upregulated autophagy has a less aggressive behavior and is more responsive to chemotherapy.[5]

Schizophrenia is associated with low levels of Beclin-1 in the hippocampus of the affected which causes diminished autophagy which in turn results in increased neuronal cell death.[6]

Interactions

BECN1 has been shown to interact with:

Modulators

Trehalose
Trehalose reduces p62/Beclin-1 ratio and increases autophagy in the frontal cortex of ICR mice, possibly by increasing Beclin-1.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Liang XH, Kleeman LK, Jiang HH, Gordon G, Goldman JE, Berry G, Herman B, Levine B (Nov 1998). "Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein". Journal of Virology. 72 (11): 8586–96. PMC 110269. PMID 9765397.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: BECN1 beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein)".
  3. ↑ Takacs-Vellai K, Vellai T, Puoti A, Passannante M, Wicky C, Streit A, Kovacs AL, Müller F (Aug 2005). "Inactivation of the autophagy gene bec-1 triggers apoptotic cell death in C. elegans". Current Biology. 15 (16): 1513–7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.035. PMID 16111945.
  4. ↑ Zhong Y, Wang QJ, Li X, Yan Y, Backer JM, Chait BT, Heintz N, Yue Z (Apr 2009). "Distinct regulation of autophagic activity by Atg14L and Rubicon associated with Beclin 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase complex". Nature Cell Biology. 11 (4): 468–76. doi:10.1038/ncb1854. PMC 2664389. PMID 19270693.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Valente G, Morani F, Nicotra G, Fusco N, Peracchio C, Titone R, Alabiso O, Arisio R, Katsaros D, Benedetto C, Isidoro C (2014). "Expression and clinical significance of the autophagy proteins BECLIN 1 and LC3 in ovarian cancer". BioMed Research International. 2014: 462658. doi:10.1155/2014/462658. PMC 4127242. PMID 25136588.
  6. ↑ Merenlender-Wagner A, Malishkevich A, Shemer Z, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Scarr E, Dean B, Levine J, Agam G, Gozes I (Feb 2015). "Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia". Molecular Psychiatry. 20 (1): 126–32. doi:10.1038/mp.2013.174. PMC 4320293. PMID 24365867. Lay summary – MediLexicon International Ltd.
  7. ↑ Erlich S, Mizrachy L, Segev O, Lindenboim L, Zmira O, Adi-Harel S, Hirsch JA, Stein R, Pinkas-Kramarski R (2007). "Differential interactions between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 family members". Autophagy. 3 (6): 561–8. doi:10.4161/auto.4713. PMID 17643073.
  8. ↑ Yue Z, Horton A, Bravin M, DeJager PL, Selimi F, Heintz N (Aug 2002). "A novel protein complex linking the delta 2 glutamate receptor and autophagy: implications for neurodegeneration in lurcher mice". Neuron. 35 (5): 921–33. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00861-9. PMID 12372286.
  9. ↑ Kara NZ, Toker L, Agam G, Anderson GW, Belmaker RH, Einat H (Sep 2013). "Trehalose induced antidepressant-like effects and autophagy enhancement in mice". Psychopharmacology. 229 (2): 367–75. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3119-4. PMID 23644913.

Further reading

External links

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