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'''Kallikrein-related peptidase 4''' is a [[protein]] which in humans is encoded by the '''''KLK4''''' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9465170">{{cite journal |vauthors=Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD | title = Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 | journal = Journal of Dental Research | volume = 77 | issue = 2 | pages = 377–86 |date=February 1998 | pmid = 9465170 | doi = 10.1177/00220345980770020601| url = http://jdr.iadrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/2/377 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10077646">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, Moss P, Gelinas R, Hood L, Wang K | title = Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 96 | issue = 6 | pages = 3114–9 |date=March 1999 | pmid = 10077646 | pmc = 15904 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114| url = http://www.pnas.org/content/96/6/3114 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10438493">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA | title = Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 33 | pages = 23210–4 |date=August 1999 | pmid = 10438493 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210 | url =  }}</ref>


[[Kallikrein]]s are a subgroup of [[serine protease]]s having diverse physiological functions.<ref name="pmid16800724">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, Fritz H, Lilja H, Malm J, Maltais LJ, Olsson AY, Petraki C, Scorilas A, Sotiropoulou G, Stenman UH, Stephan C, Talieri M, Yousef GM | title = A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins | journal = Biological chemistry | volume = 387 | issue = 6 | pages = 637–41 |date=June 2006 | pmid = 16800724 | doi = 10.1515/BC.2006.082 | url =  }}</ref> Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in [[carcinogenesis]] and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease [[biomarker]]s. In particular, they may serve as biomarkers for both prostate cancer and breast cancer.


This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins.<ref name="pmid10863090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD | title = Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors | journal = Gene | volume = 251 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–8 |date=June 2000 | pmid = 10863090 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1| url = http://jdr.iadrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/2/377 }}</ref> Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KLK4 kallikrein-related peptidase 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9622| accessdate = }}</ref>


'''Kallikrein-related peptidase 4''', also known as '''KLK4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KLK4 kallikrein-related peptidase 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9622| accessdate = }}</ref>
==References==
 
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text = Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins. Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KLK4 kallikrein-related peptidase 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9622| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Clements J, Hooper J, Dong Y, Harvey T |title=The expanded human kallikrein (KLK) gene family: genomic organisation, tissue-specific expression and potential functions. |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=382 |issue= 1 |pages= 5–14 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11258672 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Clements J, Hooper J, Dong Y, Harvey T |title=The expanded human kallikrein (KLK) gene family: genomic organisation, tissue-specific expression and potential functions. |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=382 |issue= 1 |pages= 5–14 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11258672 |doi=10.1515/BC.2001.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, ''et al.'' |title=Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1. |journal=J. Dent. Res. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 377–86 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9465170 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, etal |title=Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1. |journal=J. Dent. Res. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 377–86 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9465170 |doi=10.1177/00220345980770020601 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 6 |pages= 3114–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10077646 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, etal |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 6 |pages= 3114–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10077646 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114  | pmc=15904 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA |title=Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 33 |pages= 23210–4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10438493 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA |title=Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 33 |pages= 23210–4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10438493 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yousef GM, Obiezu CV, Luo LY, ''et al.'' |title=Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=59 |issue= 17 |pages= 4252–6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10485467 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Yousef GM, Obiezu CV, Luo LY, etal |title=Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=59 |issue= 17 |pages= 4252–6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10485467 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=DuPont BR, Hu CC, Reveles X, Simmer JP |title=Assignment of serine protease 17 (PRSS17) to human chromosome bands 19q13.3-->q13.4 by in situ hybridization. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=86 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 212–3 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10575207 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=DuPont BR, Hu CC, Reveles X, Simmer JP |title=Assignment of serine protease 17 (PRSS17) to human chromosome bands 19q13.3→q13.4 by in situ hybridization. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=86 |issue= 3–4 |pages= 212–3 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10575207 |doi=10.1159/000015340 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hu JC, Zhang C, Sun X, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors. |journal=Gene |volume=251 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10863090 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hu JC, Zhang C, Sun X, etal |title=Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors |journal=Gene |volume=251 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10863090 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gan L, Lee I, Smith R, ''et al.'' |title=Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region. |journal=Gene |volume=257 |issue= 1 |pages= 119–30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11054574 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gan L, Lee I, Smith R, etal |title=Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region |journal=Gene |volume=257 |issue= 1 |pages= 119–30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11054574 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00382-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Obiezu CV, Diamandis EP |title=An alternatively spliced variant of KLK4 expressed in prostatic tissue. |journal=Clin. Biochem. |volume=33 |issue= 7 |pages= 599–600 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11124349 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Obiezu CV, Diamandis EP |title=An alternatively spliced variant of KLK4 expressed in prostatic tissue |journal=Clin. Biochem. |volume=33 |issue= 7 |pages= 599–600 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11124349 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9120(00)00178-8  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Takayama TK, Carter CA, Deng T |title=Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by prostin, a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=40 |issue= 6 |pages= 1679–87 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11327827 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Takayama TK, Carter CA, Deng T |title=Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by prostin, a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR |journal=Biochemistry |volume=40 |issue= 6 |pages= 1679–87 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11327827 |doi=10.1021/bi002129r }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Korkmaz KS, Korkmaz CG, Pretlow TG, Saatcioglu F |title=Distinctly different gene structure of KLK4/KLK-L1/prostase/ARM1 compared with other members of the kallikrein family: intracellular localization, alternative cDNA forms, and Regulation by multiple hormones. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 7 |pages= 435–45 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11506707 |doi= 10.1089/104454901750361497 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Korkmaz KS, Korkmaz CG, Pretlow TG, Saatcioglu F |title=Distinctly different gene structure of KLK4/KLK-L1/prostase/ARM1 compared with other members of the kallikrein family: intracellular localization, alternative cDNA forms, and Regulation by multiple hormones |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 7 |pages= 435–45 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11506707 |doi= 10.1089/104454901750361497 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takayama TK, McMullen BA, Nelson PS, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=40 |issue= 50 |pages= 15341–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11735417 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Takayama TK, McMullen BA, Nelson PS, etal |title=Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase |journal=Biochemistry |volume=40 |issue= 50 |pages= 15341–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11735417 |doi=10.1021/bi015775e }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hural JA, Friedman RS, McNabb A, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate-specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide-based in vitro stimulation. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=169 |issue= 1 |pages= 557–65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12077288 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hural JA, Friedman RS, McNabb A, etal |title=Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate-specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide-based in vitro stimulation |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=169 |issue= 1 |pages= 557–65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12077288 |doi=  10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.557}}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue= 6982 |pages= 529–35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15057824 |doi= 10.1038/nature02399 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, etal |title=The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19 |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue= 6982 |pages= 529–35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15057824 |doi= 10.1038/nature02399 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xi Z, Klokk TI, Korkmaz K, ''et al.'' |title=Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 7 |pages= 2365–70 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15059887 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Xi Z, Klokk TI, Korkmaz K, etal |title=Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 7 |pages= 2365–70 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15059887 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2025 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hart PS, Hart TC, Michalec MD, ''et al.'' |title=Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=41 |issue= 7 |pages= 545–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15235027 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hart PS, Hart TC, Michalec MD, etal |title=Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=41 |issue= 7 |pages= 545–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15235027 |doi=10.1136/jmg.2003.017657  | pmc=1735847 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Veveris-Lowe TL, Lawrence MG, Collard RL, ''et al.'' |title=Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells. |journal=Endocr. Relat. Cancer |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 631–43 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16172196 |doi= 10.1677/erc.1.00958 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Veveris-Lowe TL, Lawrence MG, Collard RL, etal |title=Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells |journal=Endocr. Relat. Cancer |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 631–43 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16172196 |doi= 10.1677/erc.1.00958 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
* The [[MEROPS]] online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/cgi-bin/merops.cgi?id=S01.251 S01.251]
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=9622}}


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[[Category:Proteins]]
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Latest revision as of 01:50, 21 September 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KLK4 gene.[1][2][3]

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions.[4] Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. In particular, they may serve as biomarkers for both prostate cancer and breast cancer.

This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins.[5] Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD (February 1998). "Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1". Journal of Dental Research. 77 (2): 377–86. doi:10.1177/00220345980770020601. PMID 9465170.
  2. ↑ Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, Moss P, Gelinas R, Hood L, Wang K (March 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (6): 3114–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114. PMC 15904. PMID 10077646.
  3. ↑ Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA (August 1999). "Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (33): 23210–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210. PMID 10438493.
  4. ↑ Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, Fritz H, Lilja H, Malm J, Maltais LJ, Olsson AY, Petraki C, Scorilas A, Sotiropoulou G, Stenman UH, Stephan C, Talieri M, Yousef GM (June 2006). "A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins". Biological chemistry. 387 (6): 637–41. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.082. PMID 16800724.
  5. ↑ Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD (June 2000). "Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors". Gene. 251 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1. PMID 10863090.
  6. ↑ "Entrez Gene: KLK4 kallikrein-related peptidase 4".

Further reading

External links

  • The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.251


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