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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)''' is a [[deubiquitinating enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''BAP1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9528852">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jensen DE, Proctor M, Marquis ST, Gardner HP, Ha SI, Chodosh LA, Ishov AM, Tommerup N, Vissing H, Sekido Y, Minna J, Borodovsky A, Schultz DC, Wilkinson KD, Maul GG, Barlev N, Berger SL, Prendergast GC, Rauscher FJ | title = BAP1: a novel ubiquitin hydrolase which binds to the BRCA1 RING finger and enhances BRCA1-mediated cell growth suppression | journal = Oncogene | volume = 16 | issue = 9 | pages = 1097–112 | date = Mar 1998 | pmid = 9528852 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201861 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BAP1 BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8314| accessdate = }}</ref>  ''BAP1'' encodes an 80.4 [[Atomic mass unit|kDa]] [[Cell nucleus|nuclear-localizing]] protein with a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH) domain that gives BAP1 its [[deubiquitinating enzyme|deubiquitinase]] activity.<ref name=pmid9528852/>  Recent studies have shown that ''BAP1'' and its [[Drosophila melanogaster|fruit fly]] homolog, [http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0262166.html ''Calypso''], are members of the [[polycomb-group proteins]] (PcG) of highly conserved [[transcription (genetics)|transcriptional]] repressors required for long-term silencing of genes that regulate [[cell fate determination]], [[cell potency|stem cell pluripotency]], and other developmental processes.<ref name="pmid17717194">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gaytán de Ayala Alonso A, Gutiérrez L, Fritsch C, Papp B, Beuchle D, Müller J | title = A genetic screen identifies novel polycomb group genes in Drosophila | journal = Genetics | volume = 176 | issue = 4 | pages = 2099–108 | date = Aug 2007 | pmid = 17717194 | pmc = 1950617 | doi = 10.1534/genetics.107.075739 }}</ref>
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| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Nomenclature ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
BAP1 is also known as:
| image =
* UniProt name: [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q92560 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1]
| image_source =
* ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase like-2 (UCHL2)
| PDB =  
* human cerebral protein 6 (hucep 6)
| Name = BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)
* human cerebral protein-13 (hucep-13)
| HGNCid = 950
| Symbol = BAP1
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686N04275; FLJ35406; FLJ37180; HUCEP-13; KIAA0272; hucep-6
| OMIM = 603089
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3421
| MGIid = 1206586
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BAP1_201419_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004221 |text = ubiquitin thiolesterase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008234 |text = cysteine-type peptidase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006511 |text = ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006512 |text = ubiquitin cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 8314
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000163930
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004647
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004656
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 52410069
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 52419058
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q92560
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 104416
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021901
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_027088
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_081364
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 30080483
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 30088938
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TCR6
  }}
}}
'''BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)''', also known as '''BAP1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BAP1 BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8314| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Gene ==
{{PBB_Summary
In humans, BAP1 is encoded by the ''BAP1'' gene located on the short arm of [[chromosome 3 (human)|chromosome 3]] (3p21.31-p21.2).
| section_title =  
 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the nucleus and it interacts with the RING finger domain of the breast cancer 1, early onset protein (BRCA1). This gene is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene that functions in the BRCA1 growth control pathway. There are multiple polyadenylation sites found in this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BAP1 BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8314| accessdate = }}</ref>
== Structure ==
}}
Human BAP1 is 729 [[amino acid]]s long and has three [[domain (protein)|domains]]:
 
# a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (UCH) [[N-terminus]] catalytic domain, which removes [[ubiquitin]] from ubiquitylated substrates: residues 1-240, with an active site comprising the [[Cysteine]]91, [[Alanine]]95, and [[Glycine]]178 residues.
# a unique linker region, which includes a [[Host cell factor C1]] [[Protein-protein interaction|binding]] domain at residues 356-385.
# a [[C-terminal]] domain: residues 598-729, which includes a [[Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5|UCH37]]-like domain (ULD) at residues 675-693 and two [[Nuclear localization sequence]]s at residues 656-661 and 717-722.
 
== Function ==
In both ''[[Drosophila]]'' and humans, BAP1 functions as the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex, which controls [[homeobox]] genes by regulating the amount of ubiquitinated [[Histone H2A]] in [[Nucleosome]]s bound to their [[Promoter (genetics)|promoters]]. In flies and humans, the PR-DUB complex is formed through the interaction of BAP1 and [[ASXL1]] ([http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0261823.html ''Asx''] in [[Drosophila melanogaster|fruit flies]])<ref name="pmid20436459">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scheuermann JC, de Ayala Alonso AG, Oktaba K, Ly-Hartig N, McGinty RK, Fraterman S, Wilm M, Muir TW, Müller J | title = Histone H2A deubiquitinase activity of the Polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB | journal = Nature | volume = 465 | issue = 7295 | pages = 243–7 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20436459 | pmc = 3182123 | doi = 10.1038/nature08966 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19615732">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sowa ME, Bennett EJ, Gygi SP, Harper JW | title = Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape | journal = Cell | volume = 138 | issue = 2 | pages = 389–403 | date = Jul 2009 | pmid = 19615732 | pmc = 2716422 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.042 }}</ref> BAP1 has also been shown to associate with other factors involved in chromatin modulation and transcriptional regulation, such as [[Host cell factor C1]],<ref name="pmid19815555">{{cite journal | vauthors = Machida YJ, Machida Y, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Dutta A | title = The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 regulates cell growth via interaction with HCF-1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 284 | issue = 49 | pages = 34179–88 | date = Dec 2009 | pmid = 19815555 | pmc = 2797188 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M109.046755 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19188440">{{cite journal | vauthors = Misaghi S, Ottosen S, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Arnott D, Lamkanfi M, Lee J, Liu J, O'Rourke K, Dixit VM, Wilson AC | title = Association of C-terminal ubiquitin hydrolase BRCA1-associated protein 1 with cell cycle regulator host cell factor 1 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 29 | issue = 8 | pages = 2181–92 | date = Apr 2009 | pmid = 19188440 | pmc = 2663315 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.01517-08 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20805357">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yu H, Mashtalir N, Daou S, Hammond-Martel I, Ross J, Sui G, Hart GW, Rauscher FJ, Drobetsky E, Milot E, Shi Y, Affar el B | title = The ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase BAP1 forms a ternary complex with YY1 and HCF-1 and is a critical regulator of gene expression | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 30 | issue = 21 | pages = 5071–85 | date = Nov 2010 | pmid = 20805357 | pmc = 2953049 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.00396-10 }}</ref> which acts as an adaptor to couple [[E2F]] transcription factors to [[chromatin]]-modifying complexes during [[cell cycle]] progression.
 
== Role in disease ==
In cancer, BAP1 can function both as a [[Tumor suppressor]] and as a [[Metastasis suppressor]].
 
=== Somatic mutations in cancer ===
* BAP1 [[somatic mutation]]s were identified in a small number of breast and lung cancer cell lines,<ref name=pmid9528852/> but BAP1 was first shown to act as a [[tumor suppressor]] in cultured cells, where its [[Deubiquitinating enzyme|deubiquitinase]] (UCH) domain and [[Nuclear localization sequence]]s were required for BAP1 to suppress cell growth.<ref name="pmid18757409">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ventii KH, Devi NS, Friedrich KL, Chernova TA, Tighiouart M, Van Meir EG, Wilkinson KD | title = BRCA1-associated protein-1 is a tumor suppressor that requires deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 68 | issue = 17 | pages = 6953–62 | date = Sep 2008 | pmid = 18757409 | pmc = 2736608 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0365 }}</ref>
* In 2010, [[J. William Harbour]] and colleagues published a landmark article in [[Science (journal)|Science]], in which they used [[Exome sequencing]] of patient tumor samples and identified inactivating mutations in BAP1 in 47% of [[Uveal melanoma]]s. They were also the first to show germline BAP1 mutations, and that BAP1 mutation was strongly associated with [[metastasis]].<ref name="pmid21051595">{{cite journal | vauthors = Harbour JW, Onken MD, Roberson ED, Duan S, Cao L, Worley LA, Council ML, Matatall KA, Helms C, Bowcock AM | title = Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas | journal = Science | volume = 330 | issue = 6009 | pages = 1410–3 | date = Dec 2010 | pmid = 21051595 | pmc = 3087380 | doi = 10.1126/science.1194472 }}</ref>  These [[mutation]]s included multiple [[Nonsense mutations]] and [[RNA splicing#Splicing errors|splice site]] mutations throughout the gene.  [[missense mutations]] were only found within the UCH and ULD domains, further supporting the requirement for BAP1 catalytic function.  This study also identified a [[Germline mutation]] in one of the [[uveal melanoma]] patients, suggesting that, besides being a [[Metastasis suppressor]], BAP1 could [[Genetic predisposition|predispose]] certain people to more aggressive [[uveal melanoma]] tumors.
* BAP1 mutations have been identified in aggressive [[Mesothelioma]]s with similar mutations as seen in melanomas,.<ref name="pmid21642991">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bott M, Brevet M, Taylor BS, Shimizu S, Ito T, Wang L, Creaney J, Lake RA, Zakowski MF, Reva B, Sander C, Delsite R, Powell S, Zhou Q, Shen R, Olshen A, Rusch V, Ladanyi M | title = The nuclear deubiquitinase BAP1 is commonly inactivated by somatic mutations and 3p21.1 losses in malignant pleural mesothelioma | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 43 | issue = 7 | pages = 668–72 | date = Jul 2011 | pmid = 21642991 | doi = 10.1038/ng.855 | pmc = 4643098 }}</ref>
* Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene BAP1 occur in approximately 15% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) cases. Sequencing efforts demonstrated worse outcomes in patients with BAP1 mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma. .<ref name="doi.10.1038/ng.2323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Peña-Llopis S, Vega-Rubín-de-Celis S, Liao A, Leng N, Pavía-Jiménez A, Wang S, Yamasaki T, Zhrebker L, Sivanand S, Spence P, Kinch L, Hambuch T, Jain S, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Sagalowsky AI, Summerour PB, Kabbani W, Wong SW, Grishin N, Laurent M, Xie XJ, Haudenschild CD, Ross MT, Bentley DR, Kapur P, Brugarolas J | title = BAP1 loss defines a new class of renal cell carcinoma | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | pages = 751–9 | date = Jul 2012 | pmid = 22683710 | doi = 10.1038/ng.2323 | pmc=3788680}}</ref>
 
=== BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome===
Two studies used [[Genome sequencing]] independently to identify [[Germline mutation]]s in BAP1 in families with [[genetic predisposition]]s to [[mesothelioma]]<ref name="pmid21874000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Testa JR, Cheung M, Pei J, Below JE, Tan Y, Sementino E, Cox NJ, Dogan AU, Pass HI, Trusa S, Hesdorffer M, Nasu M, Powers A, Rivera Z, Comertpay S, Tanji M, Gaudino G, Yang H, Carbone M | title = Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to malignant mesothelioma | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 1022–5 | date = Oct 2011 | pmid = 21874000 | pmc = 3184199 | doi = 10.1038/ng.912 }}</ref> and [[Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential|melanocytic skin tumors]]<ref name="pmid21874003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiesner T, Obenauf AC, Murali R, Fried I, Griewank KG, Ulz P, Windpassinger C, Wackernagel W, Loy S, Wolf I, Viale A, Lash AE, Pirun M, Socci ND, Rütten A, Palmedo G, Abramson D, Offit K, Ott A, Becker JC, Cerroni L, Kutzner H, Bastian BC, Speicher MR | title = Germline mutations in BAP1 predispose to melanocytic tumors | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 1018–21 | date = Oct 2011 | pmid = 21874003 | pmc = 3328403 | doi = 10.1038/ng.910 }}</ref> The atypical melanocytic lesions resemble Spitz nevi and have been characterized as "atypical Spitz tumors" (ASTs), although they have a unique histology and exhibit both BRAF and BAP1 mutations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Heydrich CE, Schneider KA, Rana Q |title=When to Consider Referral to a Genetic Counselor for Lesser Known Cancer Syndromes |journal=Contemporary Oncology |year=2015 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages= 26–32}}</ref> 
Further studies have identified germline BAP1 mutations associated with other cancers.<ref name="pmid21941004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abdel-Rahman MH, Pilarski R, Cebulla CM, Massengill JB, Christopher BN, Boru G, Hovland P, Davidorf FH | title = Germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to uveal melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, meningioma, and other cancers | journal = Journal of Medical Genetics | volume = 48 | issue = 12 | pages = 856–9 | date = Dec 2011 | pmid = 21941004 | doi = 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100156 | pmc = 3825099 }}</ref>  These studies suggest that [[germline mutation]] of BAP1 results in a [http://omim.org/entry/614327 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome] linking BAP1 to many more cancers.
 
== Immunochemistry ==
[[Immunohistochemistry]] for BAP1 is a prognostic biomarker to predict poor oncologic outcomes and adverse clinicopathological features in patients with non-metastatic [[clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] (CCRCC). BAP1 assessment using immunohistochemistry on [[needle biopsy]] may benefit preoperative risk stratification and guide treatment planning.<ref name="pmid24076305">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kapur P, Christie A, Raman JD, Then MT, Nuhn P, Buchner A, Bastian P, Seitz C, Shariat SF, Bensalah K, Rioux-Leclercq N, Xie XJ, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Brugarolas J | title = BAP1 immunohistochemistry predicts outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort with clear cell renal cell carcinoma | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 191 | issue = 3 | pages = 603–10 | date = Mar 2014 | pmid = 24076305 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2013.09.041 }}</ref>
 
== Interactions ==
BAP1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[AHCYL2]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[ANAPC7]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[ANKRD17]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[ASXL1]]<ref name = pmid20436459/><ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[ASXL2]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[BRCA1]]<ref name = pmid9528852/>
* [[CBX1]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[CBX3]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[EIF4EBP3]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[FOXK1]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[FOXK2]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[HAT1]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[HCFC1]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[HIST2H2AC]]<ref name = pmid20436459/>
* [[HSPA2]]<ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[IPO4]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[IPO5]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[KDM1B]]<ref name = pmid19615732/><ref name = pmid19815555/>
* [[OGT (gene)|OGT]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[PPM1G]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[PSME3]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[RBBP7]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
* [[UBE2O]]<ref name = pmid19615732/>
{{div col end}}
 
==Model organisms==
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of BAP1 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line called ''Bap1<sup>tm1a(EUCOMM)Hmgu</sup>'' was generated at the [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]].<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal |title=The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice |author=Gerdin AK |year=2010 |journal=Acta Ophthalmologica|volume=88 |pages=925–7|doi=10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x }}</ref> Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]]<ref name="IMPCsearch_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.mousephenotype.org/data/search?q=Bap1#fq=*:*&facet=gene |title=International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium}}</ref> to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–42 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A mouse for all reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | date = Jan 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23870131">{{cite journal | vauthors = White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, ((Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project)), Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP | title = Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes | journal = Cell | volume = 154 | issue = 2 | pages = 452–64 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23870131 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022 | pmc=3717207}}</ref> Additional screens performed:  - In-depth immunological phenotyping<ref name="iii_ref">{{cite web |url= http://www.immunophenotyping.org/data/search?keys=Bap1&field_gene_construct_tid=All |title=Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium}}</ref> - in-depth bone and cartilage phenotyping<ref name="obcd_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.boneandcartilage.com/ |title=OBCD Consortium}}</ref>  
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: left;" |
|+ ''Bap1'' knockout mouse phenotype
|-
! Characteristic!! Phenotype
|-
| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All data available at.<ref name="IMPCsearch_ref"/><ref name="iii_ref" />
|-
| Peripheral blood leukocytes 6 Weeks || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Insulin || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| ''[[Haematology]]'' 6 Weeks || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Homozygous viability at P14 || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
 
|-
| [[Recessive]] lethal study || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
 
|-
| Body weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Neurological assessment || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Grip strength || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Dysmorphology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Indirect calorimetry]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Glucose tolerance test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Auditory brainstem response]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry|DEXA]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Radiography]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Eye morphology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| [[Clinical chemistry]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| ''[[Haematology]]'' 16 Weeks || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Peripheral blood leukocytes 16 Weeks || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Heart weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| ''[[Salmonella]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Cytotoxic T Cell Function || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Spleen Immunophenotyping || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Mesenteric Lymph Node Immunophenotyping || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Bone Marrow Immunophenotyping || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Epidermal Immune Composition || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Influenza Challenge || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
| Trichuris Challenge || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
 
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|33em}}
==Further reading==
 
{{refbegin | 2}}
==External links==
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{UCSC gene info|BAP1}}
| citations =
 
*{{cite journal | author=Jensen DE, Rauscher FJ |title=Defining biochemical functions for the BRCA1 tumor suppressor protein: analysis of the BRCA1 binding protein BAP1. |journal=Cancer Lett. |volume=143 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages= S13-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10546591 |doi= }}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal | author=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, ''et al.'' |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99-106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi= }}
{{refbegin|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Harbour JW | title = The genetics of uveal melanoma: an emerging framework for targeted therapy | journal = Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 171–81 | date = Mar 2012 | pmid = 22268848 | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2012.00979.x | pmc = 4470256 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=3 |issue= 5 |pages= 321-9, 341-54 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9039502 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carbone M, Yang H | title = Molecular pathways: targeting mechanisms of asbestos and erionite carcinogenesis in mesothelioma | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 598–604 | date = Feb 2012 | pmid = 22065079 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2259 | pmc = 3291331 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Landreville S, Agapova OA, Matatall KA, Kneass ZT, Onken MD, Lee RS, Bowcock AM, Harbour JW | title = Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce growth arrest and differentiation in uveal melanoma | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 408–16 | date = Jan 2012 | pmid = 22038994 | pmc = 3261307 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0946 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jensen DE, Proctor M, Marquis ST, ''et al.'' |title=BAP1: a novel ubiquitin hydrolase which binds to the BRCA1 RING finger and enhances BRCA1-mediated cell growth suppression. |journal=Oncogene |volume=16 |issue= 9 |pages= 1097-112 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9528852 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Goldstein AM | title = Germline BAP1 mutations and tumor susceptibility | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 925–6 | date = Oct 2011 | pmid = 21956388 | doi = 10.1038/ng.956 | pmc = 4117248 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Castegna A, Aksenov M, Aksenova M, ''et al.'' |title=Proteomic identification of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain. Part I: creatine kinase BB, glutamine synthase, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1. |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=33 |issue= 4 |pages= 562-71 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12160938 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Materin MA, Faries M, Kluger HM | title = Molecular alternations in uveal melanoma | journal = Current Problems in Cancer | volume = 35 | issue = 4 | pages = 211–24 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21911184 | doi = 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2011.07.004 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou ZR, Zhang YH, Liu S, Song AX, Hu HY | title = Length of the active-site crossover loop defines the substrate specificity of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases for ubiquitin chains | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 441 | issue = 1 | pages = 143–9 | date = Jan 2012 | pmid = 21851340 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20110699 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Behrends U, Schneider I, Rössler S, ''et al.'' |title=Novel tumor antigens identified by autologous antibody screening of childhood medulloblastoma cDNA libraries. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=106 |issue= 2 |pages= 244-51 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12800201 |doi= 10.1002/ijc.11208 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Eletr ZM, Wilkinson KD | title = An emerging model for BAP1's role in regulating cell cycle progression | journal = [[Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics]] | volume = 60 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 3–11 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21484256 | pmc = 3128820 | doi = 10.1007/s12013-011-9184-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Patel M, Smyth E, Chapman PB, Wolchok JD, Schwartz GK, Abramson DH, Carvajal RD | title = Therapeutic implications of the emerging molecular biology of uveal melanoma | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 2087–100 | date = Apr 2011 | pmid = 21444680 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-3169 }}
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gieni RS, Ismail IH, Campbell S, Hendzel MJ | title = Polycomb group proteins in the DNA damage response: a link between radiation resistance and "stemness" | journal = Cell Cycle | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 883–94 | date = Mar 2011 | pmid = 21346409 | doi = 10.4161/cc.10.6.14907 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ismail IH, Andrin C, McDonald D, Hendzel MJ | title = BMI1-mediated histone ubiquitylation promotes DNA double-strand break repair | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–60 | date = Oct 2010 | pmid = 20921134 | pmc = 2953429 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.201003034 }}
}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikawa H, Wu W, Koike A, Kojima R, Gomi H, Fukuda M, Ohta T | title = BRCA1-associated protein 1 interferes with BRCA1/BARD1 RING heterodimer activity | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 69 | issue = 1 | pages = 111–9 | date = Jan 2009 | pmid = 19117993 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3355 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jensen DE, Rauscher FJ | title = Defining biochemical functions for the BRCA1 tumor suppressor protein: analysis of the BRCA1 binding protein BAP1 | journal = Cancer Letters | volume = 143 Suppl 1 | pages = S13-7 | date = Sep 1999 | pmid = 10546591 | doi = 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)90004-6 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
[[Category:Proteins]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Human biology]]

Latest revision as of 12:27, 26 December 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
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View/Edit Human

BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BAP1 gene.[1][2] BAP1 encodes an 80.4 kDa nuclear-localizing protein with a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH) domain that gives BAP1 its deubiquitinase activity.[1] Recent studies have shown that BAP1 and its fruit fly homolog, Calypso, are members of the polycomb-group proteins (PcG) of highly conserved transcriptional repressors required for long-term silencing of genes that regulate cell fate determination, stem cell pluripotency, and other developmental processes.[3]

Nomenclature

BAP1 is also known as:

Gene

In humans, BAP1 is encoded by the BAP1 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p21.31-p21.2).

Structure

Human BAP1 is 729 amino acids long and has three domains:

  1. a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (UCH) N-terminus catalytic domain, which removes ubiquitin from ubiquitylated substrates: residues 1-240, with an active site comprising the Cysteine91, Alanine95, and Glycine178 residues.
  2. a unique linker region, which includes a Host cell factor C1 binding domain at residues 356-385.
  3. a C-terminal domain: residues 598-729, which includes a UCH37-like domain (ULD) at residues 675-693 and two Nuclear localization sequences at residues 656-661 and 717-722.

Function

In both Drosophila and humans, BAP1 functions as the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex, which controls homeobox genes by regulating the amount of ubiquitinated Histone H2A in Nucleosomes bound to their promoters. In flies and humans, the PR-DUB complex is formed through the interaction of BAP1 and ASXL1 (Asx in fruit flies)[4][5] BAP1 has also been shown to associate with other factors involved in chromatin modulation and transcriptional regulation, such as Host cell factor C1,[6][7][8] which acts as an adaptor to couple E2F transcription factors to chromatin-modifying complexes during cell cycle progression.

Role in disease

In cancer, BAP1 can function both as a Tumor suppressor and as a Metastasis suppressor.

Somatic mutations in cancer

BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome

Two studies used Genome sequencing independently to identify Germline mutations in BAP1 in families with genetic predispositions to mesothelioma[13] and melanocytic skin tumors[14] The atypical melanocytic lesions resemble Spitz nevi and have been characterized as "atypical Spitz tumors" (ASTs), although they have a unique histology and exhibit both BRAF and BAP1 mutations.[15] Further studies have identified germline BAP1 mutations associated with other cancers.[16] These studies suggest that germline mutation of BAP1 results in a Tumor Predisposition Syndrome linking BAP1 to many more cancers.

Immunochemistry

Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 is a prognostic biomarker to predict poor oncologic outcomes and adverse clinicopathological features in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). BAP1 assessment using immunohistochemistry on needle biopsy may benefit preoperative risk stratification and guide treatment planning.[17]

Interactions

BAP1 has been shown to interact with

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of BAP1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Bap1tm1a(EUCOMM)Hmgu was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[18] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen[19] to determine the effects of deletion.[20][21][22][23] Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping[24] - in-depth bone and cartilage phenotyping[25]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Jensen DE, Proctor M, Marquis ST, Gardner HP, Ha SI, Chodosh LA, Ishov AM, Tommerup N, Vissing H, Sekido Y, Minna J, Borodovsky A, Schultz DC, Wilkinson KD, Maul GG, Barlev N, Berger SL, Prendergast GC, Rauscher FJ (Mar 1998). "BAP1: a novel ubiquitin hydrolase which binds to the BRCA1 RING finger and enhances BRCA1-mediated cell growth suppression". Oncogene. 16 (9): 1097–112. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201861. PMID 9528852.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: BAP1 BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)".
  3. ↑ Gaytán de Ayala Alonso A, Gutiérrez L, Fritsch C, Papp B, Beuchle D, Müller J (Aug 2007). "A genetic screen identifies novel polycomb group genes in Drosophila". Genetics. 176 (4): 2099–108. doi:10.1534/genetics.107.075739. PMC 1950617. PMID 17717194.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Scheuermann JC, de Ayala Alonso AG, Oktaba K, Ly-Hartig N, McGinty RK, Fraterman S, Wilm M, Muir TW, Müller J (May 2010). "Histone H2A deubiquitinase activity of the Polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB". Nature. 465 (7295): 243–7. doi:10.1038/nature08966. PMC 3182123. PMID 20436459.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 Sowa ME, Bennett EJ, Gygi SP, Harper JW (Jul 2009). "Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape". Cell. 138 (2): 389–403. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.042. PMC 2716422. PMID 19615732.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Machida YJ, Machida Y, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Dutta A (Dec 2009). "The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 regulates cell growth via interaction with HCF-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (49): 34179–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.046755. PMC 2797188. PMID 19815555.
  7. ↑ Misaghi S, Ottosen S, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Arnott D, Lamkanfi M, Lee J, Liu J, O'Rourke K, Dixit VM, Wilson AC (Apr 2009). "Association of C-terminal ubiquitin hydrolase BRCA1-associated protein 1 with cell cycle regulator host cell factor 1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 29 (8): 2181–92. doi:10.1128/MCB.01517-08. PMC 2663315. PMID 19188440.
  8. ↑ Yu H, Mashtalir N, Daou S, Hammond-Martel I, Ross J, Sui G, Hart GW, Rauscher FJ, Drobetsky E, Milot E, Shi Y, Affar el B (Nov 2010). "The ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase BAP1 forms a ternary complex with YY1 and HCF-1 and is a critical regulator of gene expression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 30 (21): 5071–85. doi:10.1128/MCB.00396-10. PMC 2953049. PMID 20805357.
  9. ↑ Ventii KH, Devi NS, Friedrich KL, Chernova TA, Tighiouart M, Van Meir EG, Wilkinson KD (Sep 2008). "BRCA1-associated protein-1 is a tumor suppressor that requires deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization". Cancer Research. 68 (17): 6953–62. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0365. PMC 2736608. PMID 18757409.
  10. ↑ Harbour JW, Onken MD, Roberson ED, Duan S, Cao L, Worley LA, Council ML, Matatall KA, Helms C, Bowcock AM (Dec 2010). "Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas". Science. 330 (6009): 1410–3. doi:10.1126/science.1194472. PMC 3087380. PMID 21051595.
  11. ↑ Bott M, Brevet M, Taylor BS, Shimizu S, Ito T, Wang L, Creaney J, Lake RA, Zakowski MF, Reva B, Sander C, Delsite R, Powell S, Zhou Q, Shen R, Olshen A, Rusch V, Ladanyi M (Jul 2011). "The nuclear deubiquitinase BAP1 is commonly inactivated by somatic mutations and 3p21.1 losses in malignant pleural mesothelioma". Nature Genetics. 43 (7): 668–72. doi:10.1038/ng.855. PMC 4643098. PMID 21642991.
  12. ↑ Peña-Llopis S, Vega-Rubín-de-Celis S, Liao A, Leng N, Pavía-Jiménez A, Wang S, Yamasaki T, Zhrebker L, Sivanand S, Spence P, Kinch L, Hambuch T, Jain S, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Sagalowsky AI, Summerour PB, Kabbani W, Wong SW, Grishin N, Laurent M, Xie XJ, Haudenschild CD, Ross MT, Bentley DR, Kapur P, Brugarolas J (Jul 2012). "BAP1 loss defines a new class of renal cell carcinoma". Nature Genetics. 44 (7): 751–9. doi:10.1038/ng.2323. PMC 3788680. PMID 22683710.
  13. ↑ Testa JR, Cheung M, Pei J, Below JE, Tan Y, Sementino E, Cox NJ, Dogan AU, Pass HI, Trusa S, Hesdorffer M, Nasu M, Powers A, Rivera Z, Comertpay S, Tanji M, Gaudino G, Yang H, Carbone M (Oct 2011). "Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to malignant mesothelioma". Nature Genetics. 43 (10): 1022–5. doi:10.1038/ng.912. PMC 3184199. PMID 21874000.
  14. ↑ Wiesner T, Obenauf AC, Murali R, Fried I, Griewank KG, Ulz P, Windpassinger C, Wackernagel W, Loy S, Wolf I, Viale A, Lash AE, Pirun M, Socci ND, Rütten A, Palmedo G, Abramson D, Offit K, Ott A, Becker JC, Cerroni L, Kutzner H, Bastian BC, Speicher MR (Oct 2011). "Germline mutations in BAP1 predispose to melanocytic tumors". Nature Genetics. 43 (10): 1018–21. doi:10.1038/ng.910. PMC 3328403. PMID 21874003.
  15. ↑ Heydrich CE, Schneider KA, Rana Q (2015). "When to Consider Referral to a Genetic Counselor for Lesser Known Cancer Syndromes". Contemporary Oncology. 7 (1): 26–32.
  16. ↑ Abdel-Rahman MH, Pilarski R, Cebulla CM, Massengill JB, Christopher BN, Boru G, Hovland P, Davidorf FH (Dec 2011). "Germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to uveal melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, meningioma, and other cancers". Journal of Medical Genetics. 48 (12): 856–9. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100156. PMC 3825099. PMID 21941004.
  17. ↑ Kapur P, Christie A, Raman JD, Then MT, Nuhn P, Buchner A, Bastian P, Seitz C, Shariat SF, Bensalah K, Rioux-Leclercq N, Xie XJ, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Brugarolas J (Mar 2014). "BAP1 immunohistochemistry predicts outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort with clear cell renal cell carcinoma". The Journal of Urology. 191 (3): 603–10. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.09.041. PMID 24076305.
  18. ↑ Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium".
  20. ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  21. ↑ Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  22. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  23. ↑ White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP (2013). "Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes". Cell. 154 (2): 452–64. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMC 3717207. PMID 23870131.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium".
  25. ↑ "OBCD Consortium".

External links

Further reading

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