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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TREM1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11922939">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gingras MC, Lapillonne H, Margolin JF | title = TREM-1, MDL-1, and DAP12 expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development | journal = Molecular Immunology | volume = 38 | issue = 11 | pages = 817–24 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11922939 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00004-4 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10799849">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M | title = Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 164 | issue = 10 | pages = 4991–5 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10799849 | pmc =  | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.4991 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TREM1 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54210| accessdate = }}</ref>
'''Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TREM1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11922939">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gingras MC, Lapillonne H, Margolin JF | title = TREM-1, MDL-1, and DAP12 expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development | journal = Molecular Immunology | volume = 38 | issue = 11 | pages = 817–24 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11922939 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00004-4 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10799849">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M | title = Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 164 | issue = 10 | pages = 4991–5 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10799849 | pmc =  | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.4991 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TREM1 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54210| accessdate = }}</ref>


== Function ==
== Function ==


Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through a variety of receptors, including G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., FPR1; MIM 136537), Fc receptors (see MIM 146790), CD14 (MIM 158120) and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4; MIM 603030), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1; MIM 107470). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, such as TREM1, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. Depending on their transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequence structure, these receptors have either activating (e.g., KIR2DS1; MIM 604952) or inhibitory functions (e.g., KIR2DL1; MIM 604936).[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez"/>
Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through a variety of receptors, including G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., [[FPR1]]), Fc receptors (see MIM 146790), [[CD14]]  and Toll-like receptors (e.g., [[TLR4]]), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1; MIM 107470). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, such as TREM1, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. Depending on their transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequence structure, these receptors have either activating (e.g., KIR2DS1; MIM 604952) or inhibitory functions (e.g., [[KIR2DL1]]).<ref name="entrez"/> In granulocyte cells, TREM1 is activated by C/EBPε independently from inflammatory response.<ref name="scirep_reference">{{cite journal | vauthors = Suh HC, Benoukraf T, Shyamsunder P, Yin T, Cao Q, Said J, Lee S, Lim R, Yang H, Salotti J, Johnson PF, Madan V, Koeffler HP | title = LPS independent activation of the pro-inflammatory receptor Trem1 by C/EBPε in granulocytes | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 7 | pages = 46440 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 28440307 | pmc = 5404328 | doi = 10.1038/srep46440 }}</ref>


== Model organisms ==
== Model organisms ==


[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of TREM1 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line called ''Trem1<sup>tm1(KOMP)Vlcg</sup>'' was generated at the [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]].<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal |title=The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice |author=Gerdin AK |year=2010 |journal=Acta Ophthalmologica|volume=88 |pages=925–7|doi=10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x }}</ref> Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]]<ref name="IMPCsearch_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.mousephenotype.org/data/search?q=Trem1#fq=*:*&facet=gene |title=International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium}}</ref> to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–42 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | date = Jun 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A mouse for all reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | date = Jan 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23870131">{{cite journal | vauthors = White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP | title = Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes | journal = Cell | volume = 154 | issue = 2 | pages = 452–64 | date = Jul 2013 | pmid = 23870131 | pmc = 3717207 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022 }}</ref> Additional screens performed:  - In-depth immunological phenotyping<ref name="iii_ref">{{cite web |url= http://www.immunophenotyping.org/data/search?keys=Trem1&field_gene_construct_tid=All |title=Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium}}</ref>  
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of TREM1 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line called ''Trem1<sup>tm1(KOMP)Vlcg</sup>'' was generated at the [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]].<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal |title=The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice |author=Gerdin AK |year=2010 |journal=Acta Ophthalmologica|volume=88 |pages=925–7|doi=10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x }}</ref> Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]]<ref name="IMPCsearch_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.mousephenotype.org/data/search?q=Trem1#fq=*:*&facet=gene |title=International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium}}</ref> to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–42 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A mouse for all reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23870131">{{cite journal | vauthors = White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes | journal = Cell | volume = 154 | issue = 2 | pages = 452–64 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23870131 | pmc = 3717207 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022 }}</ref> Additional screens performed:  - In-depth immunological phenotyping<ref name="iii_ref">{{cite web |url= http://www.immunophenotyping.org/data/search?keys=Trem1&field_gene_construct_tid=All |title=Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium}}</ref>  
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
 
{{break}}
== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 171–4 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–4 | date = January 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 149–56 | date = Oct 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–56 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bouchon A, Facchetti F, Weigand MA, Colonna M | title = TREM-1 amplifies inflammation and is a crucial mediator of septic shock | journal = Nature | volume = 410 | issue = 6832 | pages = 1103–7 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11323674 | doi = 10.1038/35074114 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bouchon A, Facchetti F, Weigand MA, Colonna M | title = TREM-1 amplifies inflammation and is a crucial mediator of septic shock | journal = Nature | volume = 410 | issue = 6832 | pages = 1103–7 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11323674 | doi = 10.1038/35074114 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Allcock RJ, Barrow AD, Forbes S, Beck S, Trowsdale J | title = The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44 | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 567–77 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12645956 | doi = 10.1002/immu.200310033 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Allcock RJ, Barrow AD, Forbes S, Beck S, Trowsdale J | title = The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44 | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 567–77 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12645956 | doi = 10.1002/immu.200310033 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bleharski JR, Kiessler V, Buonsanti C, Sieling PA, Stenger S, Colonna M, Modlin RL | title = A role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in host defense during the early-induced and adaptive phases of the immune response | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 170 | issue = 7 | pages = 3812–8 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12646648 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3812 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bleharski JR, Kiessler V, Buonsanti C, Sieling PA, Stenger S, Colonna M, Modlin RL | title = A role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in host defense during the early-induced and adaptive phases of the immune response | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 170 | issue = 7 | pages = 3812–8 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12646648 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3812 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Colonna M, Facchetti F | title = TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells): a new player in acute inflammatory responses | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 187 Suppl 2 | issue =  | pages = S397-401 | date = Jun 2003 | pmid = 12792857 | doi = 10.1086/374754 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Colonna M, Facchetti F | title = TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells): a new player in acute inflammatory responses | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 187 Suppl 2 | issue =  | pages = S397-401 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12792857 | doi = 10.1086/374754 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radaev S, Kattah M, Rostro B, Colonna M, Sun PD | title = Crystal structure of the human myeloid cell activating receptor TREM-1 | journal = Structure | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 1527–35 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14656437 | doi = 10.1016/j.str.2003.11.001 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radaev S, Kattah M, Rostro B, Colonna M, Sun PD | title = Crystal structure of the human myeloid cell activating receptor TREM-1 | journal = Structure | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 1527–35 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14656437 | doi = 10.1016/j.str.2003.11.001 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radsak MP, Salih HR, Rammensee HG, Schild H | title = Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in neutrophil inflammatory responses: differential regulation of activation and survival | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 172 | issue = 8 | pages = 4956–63 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 15067076 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.4956 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radsak MP, Salih HR, Rammensee HG, Schild H | title = Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in neutrophil inflammatory responses: differential regulation of activation and survival | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 172 | issue = 8 | pages = 4956–63 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15067076 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.4956 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang DY, Qin RY, Liu ZR, Gupta MK, Chang Q | title = Expression of TREM-1 mRNA in acute pancreatitis | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 10 | issue = 18 | pages = 2744–6 | date = Sep 2004 | pmid = 15309732 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v10.i18.2744}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang DY, Qin RY, Liu ZR, Gupta MK, Chang Q | title = Expression of TREM-1 mRNA in acute pancreatitis | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 10 | issue = 18 | pages = 2744–6 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15309732 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v10.i18.2744 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kelker MS, Foss TR, Peti W, Teyton L, Kelly JW, Wüthrich K, Wilson IA | title = Crystal structure of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) at 1.47 A | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 342 | issue = 4 | pages = 1237–48 | date = Sep 2004 | pmid = 15351648 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.089 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kelker MS, Foss TR, Peti W, Teyton L, Kelly JW, Wüthrich K, Wilson IA | title = Crystal structure of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) at 1.47 A | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 342 | issue = 4 | pages = 1237–48 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15351648 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.089 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Knapp S, Gibot S, de Vos A, Versteeg HH, Colonna M, van der Poll T | title = Cutting edge: expression patterns of surface and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in human endotoxemia | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 173 | issue = 12 | pages = 7131–4 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15585833 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7131 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Knapp S, Gibot S, de Vos A, Versteeg HH, Colonna M, van der Poll T | title = Cutting edge: expression patterns of surface and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in human endotoxemia | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 173 | issue = 12 | pages = 7131–4 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15585833 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7131 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = González-Roldán N, Ferat-Osorio E, Aduna-Vicente R, Wong-Baeza I, Esquivel-Callejas N, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Sánchez-Fernández P, Arriaga-Pizano L, Villasís-Keever MA, López-Macías C, Isibasi A | title = Expression of triggering receptor on myeloid cell 1 and histocompatibility complex molecules in sepsis and major abdominal surgery | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 11 | issue = 47 | pages = 7473–9 | date = Dec 2005 | pmid = 16437719 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v11.i47.7473}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = González-Roldán N, Ferat-Osorio E, Aduna-Vicente R, Wong-Baeza I, Esquivel-Callejas N, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Sánchez-Fernández P, Arriaga-Pizano L, Villasís-Keever MA, López-Macías C, Isibasi A | title = Expression of triggering receptor on myeloid cell 1 and histocompatibility complex molecules in sepsis and major abdominal surgery | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 11 | issue = 47 | pages = 7473–9 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16437719 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v11.i47.7473 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tzivras M, Koussoulas V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Tzivras D, Tsaganos T, Koutoukas P, Giamarellou H, Archimandritis A | title = Role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in inflammatory bowel disease | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 12 | issue = 21 | pages = 3416–9 | date = Jun 2006 | pmid = 16733861 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3416}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tzivras M, Koussoulas V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Tzivras D, Tsaganos T, Koutoukas P, Giamarellou H, Archimandritis A | title = Role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in inflammatory bowel disease | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 12 | issue = 21 | pages = 3416–9 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16733861 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3416 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Plachouras D, Routsi C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Spyridaki E, Andrianakis I, Metzelopoulos S, Tsaganos T, Floros I, Douzinas EE, Armaganidis A, Roussos C, Giamarellou H | title = Monocytes as a site of production of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in the septic host | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 38 | issue = 10 | pages = 909–15 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17008237 | doi = 10.1080/00365540600786523 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Plachouras D, Routsi C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Spyridaki E, Andrianakis I, Metzelopoulos S, Tsaganos T, Floros I, Douzinas EE, Armaganidis A, Roussos C, Giamarellou H | title = Monocytes as a site of production of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in the septic host | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 38 | issue = 10 | pages = 909–15 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17008237 | doi = 10.1080/00365540600786523 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Murakami Y, Kohsaka H, Kitasato H, Akahoshi T | title = Lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 expression on macrophages is regulated by endogenous prostaglandin E2 | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 178 | issue = 2 | pages = 1144–50 | date = Jan 2007 | pmid = 17202378 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.178.2.1144 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Murakami Y, Kohsaka H, Kitasato H, Akahoshi T | title = Lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 expression on macrophages is regulated by endogenous prostaglandin E2 | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 178 | issue = 2 | pages = 1144–50 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17202378 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.178.2.1144 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=54210}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=54210}}

Latest revision as of 19:06, 2 February 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TREM1 gene.[1][2][3]

Function

Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through a variety of receptors, including G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., FPR1), Fc receptors (see MIM 146790), CD14 and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1; MIM 107470). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, such as TREM1, or to the C-type lectin superfamily. Depending on their transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequence structure, these receptors have either activating (e.g., KIR2DS1; MIM 604952) or inhibitory functions (e.g., KIR2DL1).[3] In granulocyte cells, TREM1 is activated by C/EBPε independently from inflammatory response.[4]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of TREM1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Trem1tm1(KOMP)Vlcg was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[5] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen[6] to determine the effects of deletion.[7][8][9][10] Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping[11]

References

  1. ↑ Gingras MC, Lapillonne H, Margolin JF (March 2002). "TREM-1, MDL-1, and DAP12 expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development". Molecular Immunology. 38 (11): 817–24. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00004-4. PMID 11922939.
  2. ↑ Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M (May 2000). "Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes". Journal of Immunology. 164 (10): 4991–5. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.4991. PMID 10799849.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: TREM1 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1".
  4. ↑ Suh HC, Benoukraf T, Shyamsunder P, Yin T, Cao Q, Said J, Lee S, Lim R, Yang H, Salotti J, Johnson PF, Madan V, Koeffler HP (April 2017). "LPS independent activation of the pro-inflammatory receptor Trem1 by C/EBPε in granulocytes". Scientific Reports. 7: 46440. doi:10.1038/srep46440. PMC 5404328. PMID 28440307.
  5. ↑ Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium".
  7. ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (June 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  8. ↑ Dolgin E (June 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  9. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  10. ↑ White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, et al. (July 2013). "Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes". Cell. 154 (2): 452–64. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMC 3717207. PMID 23870131.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium".


Further reading

  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
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