Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}, {{HW}} | ||
{{ADHD}} | {{ADHD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are [[child abuse]], [[infections]] of the [[central nervous system]], [[epilepsy]], and [[traumatic brain injury]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*Alcohol exposure in utero | Common risk factors in the development of ADHD are:<ref name= DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref><ref name="#1">National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."</ref> | ||
*Child abuse | *[[Alcohol]] exposure in utero | ||
* | *[[Brain injury]] | ||
*[[Child abuse]] | |||
*[[Epilepsy]] | |||
*First-degree biological | *First-degree biological relative of individuals with ADHD | ||
*Infections (e.g., encephalitis) | *Genetic predilection | ||
*Low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) | *[[Infections]] of the [[central nervous system]] (e.g., [[encephalitis]]) | ||
*[[Low birth weight]] (less than 1,500 grams) | |||
*Male gender | |||
*Metabolic abnormalities | |||
*Multiple foster placements | *Multiple foster placements | ||
*Neglect | *Neglect | ||
*Neurotoxin exposure (e.g., lead) | *[[Neurotoxin]] exposure in utero or during youth (e.g., lead) | ||
* | *[[Nutritional deficiencies]] | ||
* | *Pessimistic outlook | ||
*Reduced behavioral inhibition | *Reduced behavioral inhibition | ||
*Sleep disorders | *[[Sleep disorders]] | ||
*Visual and hearing impairments | *[[Smoking]] during pregnancy | ||
*Visual and hearing impairments | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:10, 14 January 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
Common risk factors in the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are child abuse, infections of the central nervous system, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of ADHD are:[1][2]
- Alcohol exposure in utero
- Brain injury
- Child abuse
- Epilepsy
- First-degree biological relative of individuals with ADHD
- Genetic predilection
- Infections of the central nervous system (e.g., encephalitis)
- Low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams)
- Male gender
- Metabolic abnormalities
- Multiple foster placements
- Neglect
- Neurotoxin exposure in utero or during youth (e.g., lead)
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Pessimistic outlook
- Reduced behavioral inhibition
- Sleep disorders
- Smoking during pregnancy
- Visual and hearing impairments
References
- ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."