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{{Non-Hodgkin lymphoma}}
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==Overview==
In 2015, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was estimated to be 24 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is 131.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.


==Overview==
In 2015, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was estimated to be 24 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is 131.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Prevalence===
*Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in the world.<ref name="pmid9739436">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD| title=Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= 717-20 | pmid=9739436 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9739436  }} </ref>
 
*NHL ranks as the 7th most common cancer among males and the 6th most common cancer among females.<ref name="pmid9739436">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD| title=Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= 717-20 | pmid=9739436 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9739436  }} </ref>
* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is 131.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
* In 2015, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was estimated to be 24 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref>Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 1, 2015</ref>
*The incidence/prevalence of non Hodgkin lymphoma is approximately 13.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid9739436">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD| title=Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= 717-20 | pmid=9739436 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9739436  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15322522">{{cite journal| author=Fisher SG, Fisher RI| title=The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. | journal=Oncogene | year= 2004 | volume= 23 | issue= 38 | pages= 6524-34 | pmid=15322522 | doi=10.1038/sj.onc.1207843 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15322522  }} </ref>
* The delay-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2011 was estimated to be 20.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>


* In 2011, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 19.63 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
===Mortality rate===
*Non Hodgkin lymphoma is the 6th most common cause of [[cancer]] related death in the world.<ref name="pmid9739436">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD| title=Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= 717-20 | pmid=9739436 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9739436  }} </ref>


===Age===
===Age===
* While the overall age-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 19.7 per 100,000 individuals, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by age category is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
*Patients of all age groups may develop non Hodgkin lymphoma.<ref name="pmid18796628">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Cozen W, Linet MS, Chatterjee N, Davis S et al.| title=Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 112 | issue= 13 | pages= 5150-60 | pmid=18796628 | doi=10.1182/blood-2008-01-133587 | pmc=2597610 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18796628  }} </ref>
** Under 65 years: 9.3 per 100,000
*B and [[T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma]]/leukemia occurs most frequently in children and adults greater than 65 years of age.
** 65 and over: 91.5 per 100,000
*[[Burkitt's Lymphoma]] affects individuals between 20–64 years of age.
*Primary mediastinal [[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma|large B-cell lymphoma]] has a median age of 35.


* Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by the age of diagnosis in males in the United States between 1975 and 1977 as well as between 2009 and 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
===Race===
 
*Non Hodgkin lymphoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.<ref name="pmid15480663">{{cite journal| author=Müller AM, Ihorst G, Mertelsmann R, Engelhardt M| title=Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): trends, geographic distribution, and etiology. | journal=Ann Hematol | year= 2005 | volume= 84 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=15480663 | doi=10.1007/s00277-004-0939-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15480663  }} </ref>
[[File:Incidence of non Hodgkin lymphoma by the age of diagnosis in males, USA.PNG|700px|Incidence of non Hodgkin lymphoma by the age of diagnosis in males, USA.PNG]]
* In the US, the relative risk (RR) of [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-associated NHL in African-American is half that of Caucasians (RR 22.3, 95% CI, 17.1–29 vs. RR 46.2, 95% CI, 38.8–55) mainly due to ethnic variations in immune system regulatory genes.<ref name="pmid21172877">{{cite journal| author=Koshiol J, Lam TK, Gridley G, Check D, Brown LM, Landgren O| title=Racial differences in chronic immune stimulatory conditions and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in veterans from the United States. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2011 | volume= 29 | issue= 4 | pages= 378-85 | pmid=21172877 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1515 | pmc=3058284 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21172877  }} </ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
* Males are more commonly affected with non-Hodgkin lymphoma than females
*Men are more commonly affected by non Hodgkin lymphoma than women. The Male to female ratio is approximately 1.5:1 to 3:1.<ref name="pmid16150940">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS| title=Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001. | journal=Blood | year= 2006 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 265-76 | pmid=16150940 | doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508 | pmc=1895348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16150940  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21261679">{{cite journal| author=Roman E, Smith AG| title=Epidemiology of lymphomas. | journal=Histopathology | year= 2011 | volume= 58 | issue= 1 | pages= 4-14 | pmid=21261679 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03696.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21261679  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20853323">{{cite journal| author=Ansell P, Simpson J, Lightfoot T, Smith A, Kane E, Howell D et al.| title=Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and autoimmunity: does gender matter? | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2011 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 460-6 | pmid=20853323 | doi=10.1002/ijc.25680 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20853323  }} </ref>


* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
===Region===
** In males: 150.4 %
*The majority of non Hodgkin lymphoma cases are reported in North America, Africa and East Asia.<ref>Swerdlow S, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, vol. 4. Lyon; 2008. p. 439.</ref>
** In females: 114.3 %
 
* In the United States, the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
** In males: 24.77 per 100,000 individuals
** In females: 16.58 per 100,000 individuals
 
* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by gender on 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
** In males: 24.07 per 100,000 individuals
** In females: 16.11 per 100,000 individuals
 
* Shown below is an image depicting the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by gender and race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 
[[Image:Incidence of non Hodgkin lymphoma by gender and race in USA.PNG|Delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by gender and race in the United States between 1975 and 2011]]
 
===Race===
 
* Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by race in 2011 in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 
{| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;"
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center | || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''All Races''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''White''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Black''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Asian/Pacific Islander'''  || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Hispanic'''
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''Age-adjusted [[prevalence]]'''|| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |131.1 per 100,000 ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |141.2 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |95.3 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |83.5 per 100,000||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |101.4 per 100,000
|}
 
* Shown below is an image depicting the [[incidence]] of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 
[[Image:Incidence of non Hodgkin lymphoma by race.PNG|Incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011]]
 
<small> API: Asian/Pacific Islander; AI/AN: American Indian/ Alaska Native</small>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{Hematology}}
{{Hematological malignancy histology}}


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Latest revision as of 20:53, 21 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Preeti Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

In 2015, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was estimated to be 24 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is 131.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in the world.[1]
  • NHL ranks as the 7th most common cancer among males and the 6th most common cancer among females.[1]

Incidence

  • The incidence/prevalence of non Hodgkin lymphoma is approximately 13.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1][2]

Mortality rate

  • Non Hodgkin lymphoma is the 6th most common cause of cancer related death in the world.[1]

Age

Race

  • Non Hodgkin lymphoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.[4]
  • In the US, the relative risk (RR) of HIV-associated NHL in African-American is half that of Caucasians (RR 22.3, 95% CI, 17.1–29 vs. RR 46.2, 95% CI, 38.8–55) mainly due to ethnic variations in immune system regulatory genes.[5]

Gender

  • Men are more commonly affected by non Hodgkin lymphoma than women. The Male to female ratio is approximately 1.5:1 to 3:1.[6][7][8]

Region

  • The majority of non Hodgkin lymphoma cases are reported in North America, Africa and East Asia.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD (1998). "Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project". Ann Oncol. 9 (7): 717–20. PMID 9739436.
  2. ↑ Fisher SG, Fisher RI (2004). "The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma". Oncogene. 23 (38): 6524–34. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207843. PMID 15322522.
  3. ↑ Morton LM, Wang SS, Cozen W, Linet MS, Chatterjee N, Davis S; et al. (2008). "Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes". Blood. 112 (13): 5150–60. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-01-133587. PMC 2597610. PMID 18796628.
  4. ↑ Müller AM, Ihorst G, Mertelsmann R, Engelhardt M (2005). "Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): trends, geographic distribution, and etiology". Ann Hematol. 84 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s00277-004-0939-7. PMID 15480663.
  5. ↑ Koshiol J, Lam TK, Gridley G, Check D, Brown LM, Landgren O (2011). "Racial differences in chronic immune stimulatory conditions and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in veterans from the United States". J Clin Oncol. 29 (4): 378–85. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1515. PMC 3058284. PMID 21172877.
  6. ↑ Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS (2006). "Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001". Blood. 107 (1): 265–76. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508. PMC 1895348. PMID 16150940.
  7. ↑ Roman E, Smith AG (2011). "Epidemiology of lymphomas". Histopathology. 58 (1): 4–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03696.x. PMID 21261679.
  8. ↑ Ansell P, Simpson J, Lightfoot T, Smith A, Kane E, Howell D; et al. (2011). "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and autoimmunity: does gender matter?". Int J Cancer. 129 (2): 460–6. doi:10.1002/ijc.25680. PMID 20853323.
  9. ↑ Swerdlow S, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, vol. 4. Lyon; 2008. p. 439.
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