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| To view the causes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click [[Familial adenomatous polyposis causes|'''here''']]<br> | | To view the causes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click [[Familial adenomatous polyposis causes|'''here''']]<br> |
| To view the causes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer causes|'''here''']]<br><br> | | To view the causes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer causes|'''here''']]<br><br> |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. | | {{CMG}} {{AE}}; {{RAK}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
| | The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, [[Colorectal cancer risk factors|click here]]. |
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| ==Colorectal Cancer Causes== | | ==Colorectal Cancer Causes== |
| There are both genetic and environmental factors that lead to colorectal carcinoma<ref name="pmid20420944">{{cite journal| author=Chan AT, Giovannucci EL| title=Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2010 | volume= 138 | issue= 6 | pages= 2029-2043.e10 |pmid=20420944 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057 | pmc=PMC2947820 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20420944 }}</ref>. FAP and HNPCC are the most common causes of CRC, but together these two conditions account for only about 5 percent of CRC<ref name="pmid7598472">{{cite journal| author=Burt RW, DiSario JA, Cannon-Albright L| title=Genetics of colon cancer: impact of inheritance on colon cancer risk. | journal=Annu Rev Med | year= 1995 | volume= 46 |issue= | pages= 371-9 | pmid=7598472 | doi=10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.371 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7598472 }} </ref>.
| | The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. However, there are certain risk factors that predisposes to risk of CRC. |
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| *'''The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:'''
| | To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, [[Colorectal cancer risk factors|click here]]. |
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| {| {{table}}
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| | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Genetic Cause'''
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| | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Description'''
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| | '''Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)'''||AD inheritance; other variants include [[Gardner's syndrome]], Turcot's syndrome, and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli; caused by germlines mutations in the APC gene<ref name="pmid598472">{{cite journal| author=Mazur IA| title=[Synthesis of imidazopyrimidines and imidazoquinazolines with a common nitrogen atom]. | journal=Farm Zh | year= 1977 | volume= | issue= 6 |pages= 37-41 | pmid=598472 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=598472}}</ref>; colonic cancer occurs in 90% of untreated individuals around 45 years
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| To view Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer classification|'''here''']]<br> | |
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| | '''MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP)'''||AR inheritance; caused by biallelic germline [[mutations]] in the base excision repair gene mutY homolog (MYH or MUTYH)
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| | '''Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)'''||AD inheritance; caused by a defect in one of the mismatch repair genes, most commonly hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, or PMS2; the mean age at initial cancer diagnosis is around 48 years<ref name="pmid21193451">{{cite journal| author=Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, Macrae FA, Gurrin LC, Church JM et al.| title=Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. | journal=Gut | year= 2011 | volume= 60 | issue= 7 | pages= 950-7 | pmid=21193451 | doi=10.1136/gut.2010.228056 | pmc=PMC3848416 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21193451 }}</ref>
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| *'''To view the environmental factors that may contribute to the development of colorectal carcinoma, please review its [[Colorectal cancer risk factors#Environmental risk factors|environmental risk factors]].'''
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| **The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| | [[Category:Surgery]] |
To view the causes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
To view the causes of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[2] Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, click here.
Colorectal Cancer Causes
The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. However, there are certain risk factors that predisposes to risk of CRC.
To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, click here.
References
Template:WikiDoc Sources