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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
''HNRNPA2B1'' gene contains 12 exons, including a B1 protein specific 36-nucleotide mini-exon. The entire length of intron/exon organization of ''HNRNPA2B1'' is identical to that of the ''[[HNRNPA1]]'' gene which indicates a common origin by gene duplication.<ref>http://www.omim.org/entry/600124</ref> | ''HNRNPA2B1'' gene contains 12 exons, including a B1 protein specific 36-nucleotide mini-exon. The entire length of intron/exon organization of ''HNRNPA2B1'' is identical to that of the ''[[HNRNPA1]]'' gene which indicates a common origin by gene duplication.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.omim.org/entry/600124 | title=Error 403}}</ref> | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
HnRNPA2B1 is an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and [[mixed connective tissue disease]]. When referred to as an [[autoantigen]], hnRNPA2B1 is also known as [[RA33]]. | HnRNPA2B1 is an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and [[mixed connective tissue disease]]. When referred to as an [[autoantigen]], hnRNPA2B1 is also known as [[RA33]]. | ||
The HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 proteins are involved in packaging nascent mRNA, in alternative splicing, and in cytoplasmic RNA trafficking, translation, and stabilization. HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 also appear to function in telomere maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and glucose transport.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3181</ref><ref>http://www.omim.org/entry/600124</ref> | The HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 proteins are involved in packaging nascent mRNA, in alternative splicing, and in cytoplasmic RNA trafficking, translation, and stabilization. HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 also appear to function in telomere maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and glucose transport.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3181 | title=HNRNPA2B1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.omim.org/entry/600124 | title=Error 403}}</ref> | ||
Function of HNRNPA2B1 gene can be effectively examined by siRNA knockdown based on an independent validation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Munkácsy|first=Gyöngyi|last2=Sztupinszki|first2=Zsófia|last3=Herman|first3=Péter|last4=Bán|first4=Bence|last5=Pénzváltó|first5=Zsófia|last6=Szarvas|first6=Nóra|last7=Győrffy|first7=Balázs|date=2016-01-01|title=Validation of RNAi Silencing Efficiency Using Gene Array Data shows 18.5% Failure Rate across 429 Independent Experiments|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2162253117300859|journal=Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids|language=English|volume=5|doi=10.1038/mtna.2016.66|issn=2162-2531|pmc=5056990|pmid=27673562|page=e366}}</ref> | Function of HNRNPA2B1 gene can be effectively examined by siRNA knockdown based on an independent validation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Munkácsy|first=Gyöngyi|last2=Sztupinszki|first2=Zsófia|last3=Herman|first3=Péter|last4=Bán|first4=Bence|last5=Pénzváltó|first5=Zsófia|last6=Szarvas|first6=Nóra|last7=Győrffy|first7=Balázs|date=2016-01-01|title=Validation of RNAi Silencing Efficiency Using Gene Array Data shows 18.5% Failure Rate across 429 Independent Experiments|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2162253117300859|journal=Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids|language=English|volume=5|issue=9|doi=10.1038/mtna.2016.66|issn=2162-2531|pmc=5056990|pmid=27673562|page=e366}}</ref> | ||
== Interactions == | == Interactions == | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
==Role in diseases== | ==Role in diseases== | ||
The mutation p.D290V/302V in hnRNPA2B1 is implicated in dementia, myopathy, PDB, and ALS.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=3756911 | pmid=23455423 | doi=10.1038/nature11922 | volume=495 | title=Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS | year=2013 | journal=Nature | pages=467–73 | vauthors=Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, MacLea KS, Freibaum B, Li S, Molliex A, Kanagaraj AP, Carter R, Boylan KB, Wojtas AM, Rademakers R, Pinkus JL, Greenberg SA, Trojanowski JQ, Traynor BJ, Smith BN, Topp S, Gkazi AS, Miller J, Shaw CE, Kottlors M, Kirschner J, Pestronk A, Li YR, Ford AF, Gitler AD, Benatar M, King OD, Kimonis VE, Ross ED, Weihl CC, Shorter J, Taylor JP}}</ref> Mutations in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause of [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] and [[multisystem proteinopathy]].<ref>Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, et al.Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 causemultisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature 2013;495:467–73. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235770144_Mutations_in_prion-like_domains_in_hnRNPA2B1_and_hnRNPA1_cause_multisystem_proteinopathy_and_ALS [accessed Mar 28, 2017].</ref> hnRNPA2/B1 is found to activate cyclooxygenase-2 and promote tumor growth in human lung cancers.<ref>Xuan Yang, Wang Jingshu, Ban Liying, Lu Jian-Jun, Yi Canhui, Li Zhenglin, Yu Wendan, Li Mei, Xu Tingting, Yang Wenjing, Tang Zhipeng, Tang Ranran, Xiao Xiangsheng, Meng Songshu, Chen Yiming, Liu Quentin, Huang Wenlin, Guo Wei, Cui Xiaonan, Deng Wuguo, (2016), hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers, Molecular Oncology, 10, doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010/abstract;jsessionid=F7FAA0EE2ECB0751450320F2792BFD9E.f03t01</ref> | The mutation p.D290V/302V in hnRNPA2B1 is implicated in dementia, myopathy, PDB, and ALS.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=3756911 | pmid=23455423 | doi=10.1038/nature11922 | volume=495 | issue=7442 | title=Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS | year=2013 | journal=Nature | pages=467–73 | vauthors=Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, MacLea KS, Freibaum B, Li S, Molliex A, Kanagaraj AP, Carter R, Boylan KB, Wojtas AM, Rademakers R, Pinkus JL, Greenberg SA, Trojanowski JQ, Traynor BJ, Smith BN, Topp S, Gkazi AS, Miller J, Shaw CE, Kottlors M, Kirschner J, Pestronk A, Li YR, Ford AF, Gitler AD, Benatar M, King OD, Kimonis VE, Ross ED, Weihl CC, Shorter J, Taylor JP}}</ref> Mutations in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause of [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] and [[multisystem proteinopathy]].<ref>Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, et al.Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 causemultisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature 2013;495:467–73. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235770144_Mutations_in_prion-like_domains_in_hnRNPA2B1_and_hnRNPA1_cause_multisystem_proteinopathy_and_ALS [accessed Mar 28, 2017].</ref> hnRNPA2/B1 is found to activate cyclooxygenase-2 and promote tumor growth in human lung cancers.<ref>Xuan Yang, Wang Jingshu, Ban Liying, Lu Jian-Jun, Yi Canhui, Li Zhenglin, Yu Wendan, Li Mei, Xu Tingting, Yang Wenjing, Tang Zhipeng, Tang Ranran, Xiao Xiangsheng, Meng Songshu, Chen Yiming, Liu Quentin, Huang Wenlin, Guo Wei, Cui Xiaonan, Deng Wuguo, (2016), hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers, Molecular Oncology, 10, doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010/abstract;jsessionid=F7FAA0EE2ECB0751450320F2792BFD9E.f03t01</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Van Laer L, Van Camp G, Green ED, Huizing EH, Willems PJ | title = Physical mapping of the HOXA1 gene and the hnRPA2B1 gene in a YAC contig from human chromosome 7p14-p15 | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 99 | issue = 6 | pages = 831–3 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9187682 | doi = 10.1007/s004390050457 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Van Laer L, Van Camp G, Green ED, Huizing EH, Willems PJ | title = Physical mapping of the HOXA1 gene and the hnRPA2B1 gene in a YAC contig from human chromosome 7p14-p15 | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 99 | issue = 6 | pages = 831–3 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9187682 | doi = 10.1007/s004390050457 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Neubauer G, King A, Rappsilber J, Calvio C, Watson M, Ajuh P, Sleeman J, Lamond A, Mann M | title = Mass spectrometry and EST-database searching allows characterization of the multi-protein spliceosome complex | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–50 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9731529 | doi = 10.1038/1700 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Neubauer G, King A, Rappsilber J, Calvio C, Watson M, Ajuh P, Sleeman J, Lamond A, Mann M | title = Mass spectrometry and EST-database searching allows characterization of the multi-protein spliceosome complex | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–50 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9731529 | doi = 10.1038/1700 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Montuenga LM, Zhou J, Avis I, Vos M, Martinez A, Cuttitta F, Treston AM, Sunday M, Mulshine JL | title = Expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 changes with critical stages of mammalian lung development | journal = Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 554–62 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9761751 | doi = 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.4.3185 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Montuenga LM, Zhou J, Avis I, Vos M, Martinez A, Cuttitta F, Treston AM, Sunday M, Mulshine JL | title = Expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 changes with critical stages of mammalian lung development | journal = Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 554–62 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9761751 | doi = 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.4.3185 | hdl = 10171/20162 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pancetti F, Bosser R, Krehan A, Pyerin W, Itarte E, Bachs O | title = Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 interacts with protein kinase CK2 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 260 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–22 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10381337 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0849 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Pancetti F, Bosser R, Krehan A, Pyerin W, Itarte E, Bachs O | title = Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 interacts with protein kinase CK2 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 260 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–22 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10381337 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0849 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hamilton BJ, Nichols RC, Tsukamoto H, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM, Rigby WF | title = hnRNP A2 and hnRNP L bind the 3'UTR of glucose transporter 1 mRNA and exist as a complex in vivo | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 261 | issue = 3 | pages = 646–51 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10441480 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1040 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Hamilton BJ, Nichols RC, Tsukamoto H, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM, Rigby WF | title = hnRNP A2 and hnRNP L bind the 3'UTR of glucose transporter 1 mRNA and exist as a complex in vivo | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 261 | issue = 3 | pages = 646–51 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10441480 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1040 }} | ||
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou J, Allred DC, Avis I, Martínez A, Vos MD, Smith L, Treston AM, Mulshine JL | title = Differential expression of the early lung cancer detection marker, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-A2/B1 (hnRNP-A2/B1) in normal breast and neoplastic breast cancer | journal = Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | volume = 66 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–24 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11510693 | doi = 10.1023/A:1010631915831 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou J, Allred DC, Avis I, Martínez A, Vos MD, Smith L, Treston AM, Mulshine JL | title = Differential expression of the early lung cancer detection marker, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-A2/B1 (hnRNP-A2/B1) in normal breast and neoplastic breast cancer | journal = Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | volume = 66 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–24 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11510693 | doi = 10.1023/A:1010631915831 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pioli PA, Rigby WF | title = The von Hippel-Lindau protein interacts with heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein a2 and regulates its expression | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 43 | pages = 40346–52 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11517223 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M105391200 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Pioli PA, Rigby WF | title = The von Hippel-Lindau protein interacts with heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein a2 and regulates its expression | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 43 | pages = 40346–52 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11517223 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M105391200 }} | ||
* {{cite | * {{cite book | vauthors = Kim SH, Dierssen M, Ferreres JC, Fountoulakis M, Lubec G | title = Increased protein levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in fetal Down syndrome brains | journal = J. Neural Transm. Suppl. | volume = | issue = 61 | pages = 273–80 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11771750 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-7091-6262-0_22 | isbn = 978-3-211-83704-7 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI | title = Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11790298 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI | title = Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11790298 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, Grigorieff N, Moore MJ | title = Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis | journal = RNA | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 426–39 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11991638 | pmc = 1370266 | doi = 10.1017/S1355838202021088 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, Grigorieff N, Moore MJ | title = Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis | journal = RNA | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 426–39 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11991638 | pmc = 1370266 | doi = 10.1017/S1355838202021088 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Li S, Zhang P, Freibaum BD, et al.| title = Genetic interaction of hnRNPA2B1 and DNAJB6 in a Drosophila model of multisystem proteinopathy | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 936–950 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26744327 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddv627 | pmc=4754048}} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Li S, Zhang P, Freibaum BD, et al.| title = Genetic interaction of hnRNPA2B1 and DNAJB6 in a Drosophila model of multisystem proteinopathy | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 936–950 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26744327 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddv627 | pmc=4754048}} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Herman S, Fischer A, Presumey J, Hoffmann M, Koenders MI, Escriou V, Apparailly F, Steiner G| title = Inhibition of Inflammation and Bone Erosion by RNA Interference–Mediated Silencing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNP A2/B1 in Two Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis | journal = Arthritis & Rheumatology | volume = 67 | pages = 2536–2546 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26017221 | doi = 10.1002/art.39223}} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Herman S, Fischer A, Presumey J, Hoffmann M, Koenders MI, Escriou V, Apparailly F, Steiner G| title = Inhibition of Inflammation and Bone Erosion by RNA Interference–Mediated Silencing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNP A2/B1 in Two Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis | journal = Arthritis & Rheumatology | volume = 67 | issue = 9 | pages = 2536–2546 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26017221 | doi = 10.1002/art.39223}} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kentaro I, Shinji K, Shoko U, Akihito M, Nozomi O, Tatsuki S, Senko T, Tomoe K, Yoichi T, Kengo M, Takao Y, Shingo D, Isamu S, Fumio S | title = Ridaifen G, tamoxifen analog, is a potent anticancer drug working through a combinatorial association with multiple cellular factors | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 23 | issue= 18 |pages = 6118–6124 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26314924 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.001 }} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Kentaro I, Shinji K, Shoko U, Akihito M, Nozomi O, Tatsuki S, Senko T, Tomoe K, Yoichi T, Kengo M, Takao Y, Shingo D, Isamu S, Fumio S | title = Ridaifen G, tamoxifen analog, is a potent anticancer drug working through a combinatorial association with multiple cellular factors | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 23 | issue= 18 |pages = 6118–6124 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26314924 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.001 }} | ||
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Geissler R, Simkin A, Floss D, Patel R, Fogarty EA, Scheller J, Grimson A | title = A widespread sequence-specific mRNA decay pathway mediated by hnRNPs A1 and A2/B1 | journal = Genes & Development| volume = 30 | issue= 9 |pages = 1070–1085 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27151978 | doi = 10.1101/gad.277392.116 | pmc=4863738}} | * {{cite journal | vauthors = Geissler R, Simkin A, Floss D, Patel R, Fogarty EA, Scheller J, Grimson A | title = A widespread sequence-specific mRNA decay pathway mediated by hnRNPs A1 and A2/B1 | journal = Genes & Development| volume = 30 | issue= 9 |pages = 1070–1085 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27151978 | doi = 10.1101/gad.277392.116 | pmc=4863738}} | ||
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPA2B1 gene.[1]
Structure
HNRNPA2B1 gene contains 12 exons, including a B1 protein specific 36-nucleotide mini-exon. The entire length of intron/exon organization of HNRNPA2B1 is identical to that of the HNRNPA1 gene which indicates a common origin by gene duplication.[2]
Function
This gene belongs to the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. This gene has been described to generate two alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different isoforms.[3] HnRNPA2B1 is an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. When referred to as an autoantigen, hnRNPA2B1 is also known as RA33.
The HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 proteins are involved in packaging nascent mRNA, in alternative splicing, and in cytoplasmic RNA trafficking, translation, and stabilization. HNRNPA2 and HNRNPB1 also appear to function in telomere maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and glucose transport.[4][5]
Function of HNRNPA2B1 gene can be effectively examined by siRNA knockdown based on an independent validation.[6]
Interactions
HNRPA2B1 has been shown to interact with casein kinase 2, alpha 1.[7]
Role in diseases
The mutation p.D290V/302V in hnRNPA2B1 is implicated in dementia, myopathy, PDB, and ALS.[8] Mutations in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multisystem proteinopathy.[9] hnRNPA2/B1 is found to activate cyclooxygenase-2 and promote tumor growth in human lung cancers.[10]
References
- ↑ Biamonti G, Ruggiu M, Saccone S, Della Valle G, Riva S (Aug 1994). "Two homologous genes, originated by duplication, encode the human hnRNP proteins A2 and A1". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (11): 1996–2002. doi:10.1093/nar/22.11.1996. PMC 308112. PMID 8029005.
- ↑ "Error 403".
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: HNRPA2B1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1".
- ↑ "HNRNPA2B1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI".
- ↑ "Error 403".
- ↑ Munkácsy, Gyöngyi; Sztupinszki, Zsófia; Herman, Péter; Bán, Bence; Pénzváltó, Zsófia; Szarvas, Nóra; Győrffy, Balázs (2016-01-01). "Validation of RNAi Silencing Efficiency Using Gene Array Data shows 18.5% Failure Rate across 429 Independent Experiments". Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids. 5 (9): e366. doi:10.1038/mtna.2016.66. ISSN 2162-2531. PMC 5056990. PMID 27673562.
- ↑ Pancetti F, Bosser R, Krehan A, Pyerin W, Itarte E, Bachs O (Jun 1999). "Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 interacts with protein kinase CK2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0849. PMID 10381337.
- ↑ Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, MacLea KS, Freibaum B, Li S, Molliex A, Kanagaraj AP, Carter R, Boylan KB, Wojtas AM, Rademakers R, Pinkus JL, Greenberg SA, Trojanowski JQ, Traynor BJ, Smith BN, Topp S, Gkazi AS, Miller J, Shaw CE, Kottlors M, Kirschner J, Pestronk A, Li YR, Ford AF, Gitler AD, Benatar M, King OD, Kimonis VE, Ross ED, Weihl CC, Shorter J, Taylor JP (2013). "Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS". Nature. 495 (7442): 467–73. doi:10.1038/nature11922. PMC 3756911. PMID 23455423.
- ↑ Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, et al.Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 causemultisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature 2013;495:467–73. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235770144_Mutations_in_prion-like_domains_in_hnRNPA2B1_and_hnRNPA1_cause_multisystem_proteinopathy_and_ALS [accessed Mar 28, 2017].
- ↑ Xuan Yang, Wang Jingshu, Ban Liying, Lu Jian-Jun, Yi Canhui, Li Zhenglin, Yu Wendan, Li Mei, Xu Tingting, Yang Wenjing, Tang Zhipeng, Tang Ranran, Xiao Xiangsheng, Meng Songshu, Chen Yiming, Liu Quentin, Huang Wenlin, Guo Wei, Cui Xiaonan, Deng Wuguo, (2016), hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers, Molecular Oncology, 10, doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010/abstract;jsessionid=F7FAA0EE2ECB0751450320F2792BFD9E.f03t01
Further reading
- Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
- Bauw G, Rasmussen HH, van den Bulcke M, van Damme J, Puype M, Gesser B, Celis JE, Vandekerckhove J (1990). "Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein electroblotting and microsequencing: a direct link between proteins and genes". Electrophoresis. 11 (7): 528–36. doi:10.1002/elps.1150110703. PMID 1699755.
- Wilk HE, Schaefer KP, Agris PF, Boak AM, Kovacs SA (1991). "U1 SnRNP association with HnRNP involves an initial non-specific splice-site independent interaction of U1 SnRNP protein with HnRNA". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 106 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1007/BF00231189. PMID 1833625.
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