Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZAS}}, {{Anmol}}
{{CMG}} {{shyam}}; {{AE}} {{ZAS}}, {{Anmol}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity can result in infection by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)| H01 | | | | | | |H01=CD16 def: (FCGR3A,AR) }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)| H01 | | | | | | |H01=CD16 def: (FCGR3A,AR) }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |`| I01 | | | | | | |I01=MDAS def: (LOF), IFIH1,AR }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |`| I01 | | | | | | |I01=MDA5 def: (LOF), IFIH1,AR }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
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==IFNGR1 Deficiency==
==IFNGR1 Deficiency==
* IFNGR1 (interferon gamma receptor 1) gene located on chromosome 6q23.3 encodes the ligand binding chain (alpha) of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[IFNGR|IFNGR1]] ([[interferon gamma|interferon gamma receptor 1]]) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 6|chromosome 6q23.3]] encodes the ligand binding chain (alpha) of the gamma interferon [[receptor]]. Human interferon gamma [[receptor]] is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 692: Line 692:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* IFNGR1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease presenting with severe nontuberculous mycobaterial infections (mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infections) and helicobacter pylori infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[IFNGR|IFNGR1]] deficiency is an [[autosomal recessive]] [[disease]] presenting with severe nontuberculous [[mycobacterium|mycobaterial infections]] (mendelian susceptibility to [[mycobacterium|mycobacterial infections]]) and [[helicobacter pylori|helicobacter pylori infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Esther van de Vosse]] & [[Jaap T. van Dissel]]
  | author = [[Esther van de Vosse]] & [[Jaap T. van Dissel]]
  | title = IFN-gammaR1 defects: Mutation update and description of the IFNGR1 variation database
  | title = IFN-gammaR1 defects: Mutation update and description of the IFNGR1 variation database
Line 715: Line 715:
  | pmid = 29273450
  | pmid = 29273450
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment of choice includes hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, as the recombinant interferon gamma therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were ineffective.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment of choice includes [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy]], as the recombinant [[interferon gamma]] therapy and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] were ineffective.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Miriam Hetzel]], [[Adele Mucci]], [[Patrick Blank]], [[Ariane Hai Ha Nguyen]], [[Jan Schiller]], [[Olga Halle]], [[Mark-Philipp Kuhnel]], [[Sandra Billig]], [[Robert Meineke]], [[Daniel Brand]], [[Vanessa Herder]], [[Wolfgang Baumgartner]], [[Franz-Christoph Bange]], [[Ralph Goethe]], [[Danny Jonigk]], [[Reinhold Forster]], [[Bernhard Gentner]], [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]], [[Jacinta Bustamante]], [[Axel Schambach]], [[Ulrich Kalinke]] & [[Nico Lachmann]]
  | author = [[Miriam Hetzel]], [[Adele Mucci]], [[Patrick Blank]], [[Ariane Hai Ha Nguyen]], [[Jan Schiller]], [[Olga Halle]], [[Mark-Philipp Kuhnel]], [[Sandra Billig]], [[Robert Meineke]], [[Daniel Brand]], [[Vanessa Herder]], [[Wolfgang Baumgartner]], [[Franz-Christoph Bange]], [[Ralph Goethe]], [[Danny Jonigk]], [[Reinhold Forster]], [[Bernhard Gentner]], [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]], [[Jacinta Bustamante]], [[Axel Schambach]], [[Ulrich Kalinke]] & [[Nico Lachmann]]
  | title = Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for IFNgammaR1 deficiency protects mice from mycobacterial infections
  | title = Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for IFNgammaR1 deficiency protects mice from mycobacterial infections
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==IL12 & IL23 Receptor B1 Chain Deficiency==
==IL12 & IL23 Receptor B1 Chain Deficiency==
* IL12b gene located on chromosome 5q23.3 encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T ad NK cells and has a wide array of biological activities. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development.<ref>{{Cite journal
* IL12b [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 5|chromosome 5q23.3]] encodes a subunit of [[interleukin 12]], a [[cytokine]] that acts on T ad [[natural killer cell|NK cells]] and has a wide array of biological activities. This [[cytokine]] is expressed by activated [[macrophages]] that serve as an essential inducer of [[t helper cell|Th1 cells]] development.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Its deficiency can lead to mycobacterial infections, takayasu arteritis, increased risk of ovarian endometriosis and increased hepatic cirrhosis in hepatitis C.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Its deficiency can lead to [[mycobacterium|mycobacterial infections]], [[takayasu arteritis]], increased risk of [[endometriosis|ovarian endometriosis]] and increased [[cirrhosis|hepatic cirrhosis]] in [[hepatitis C]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Pallipamu Prakash Babu]], [[Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar]], [[Alladi Mohan]], [[Bhattaram Siddhartha Kumar]] & [[Potukuchi Venkata Gurunadha Krishna Sarma]]
  | author = [[Pallipamu Prakash Babu]], [[Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar]], [[Alladi Mohan]], [[Bhattaram Siddhartha Kumar]] & [[Potukuchi Venkata Gurunadha Krishna Sarma]]
  | title = Novel mutations in the exon 5, intron 2 and 3' UTR regions of IL-12B gene were observed in clinically proven tuberculosis patients of south India
  | title = Novel mutations in the exon 5, intron 2 and 3' UTR regions of IL-12B gene were observed in clinically proven tuberculosis patients of south India
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==ISG15 Deficiency==
==ISG15 Deficiency==
* ISG15 (interferon stimualated gene 15) gene located on chromosome 1p36.33 encodes a ubiquitin like protein that is conjugated to intracellular target proteins upon activation by INF-alpha & INF-beta. It has several functions including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, direction of ligand target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell to cell signalling and antiviral activity during viral infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[ISG15]] ([[interferon]] stimualated [[gene]] 15) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 1|chromosome 1p36.33]] encodes a [[ubiquitin]] like [[protein]] that is conjugated to intracellular target [[proteins]] upon activation by [[interferon|INF-alpha & INF-beta]]. It has several functions including [[chemotaxis|chemotactic activity]] towards [[neutrophils]], direction of [[ligand]] target [[proteins]] to [[intermediate filaments]], [[cell]] to [[cell]] signalling and [[antiviral]] activity during [[virus|viral infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 787: Line 787:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* ISG15 deficiency can lead to mendelian susceptibility to mycobaterial disease (MSMD) and salmonella infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[ISG15]] deficiency can lead to mendelian susceptibility to [[mycobacterium|mycobaterial disease]] (MSMD) and [[salmonella|salmonella infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Dusan Bogunovic]], [[Minji Byun]], [[Larissa A. Durfee]], [[Avinash Abhyankar]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Davood Mansouri]], [[Sandra Salem]], [[Irena Radovanovic]], [[Audrey V. Grant]], [[Parisa Adimi]], [[Nahal Mansouri]], [[Satoshi Okada]], [[Vanessa L. Bryant]], [[Xiao-Fei Kong]], [[Alexandra Kreins]], [[Marcela Moncada Velez]], [[Bertrand Boisson]], [[Soheila Khalilzadeh]], [[Ugur Ozcelik]], [[Ilad Alavi Darazam]], [[John W. Schoggins]], [[Charles M. Rice]], [[Saleh Al-Muhsen]], [[Marcel Behr]], [[Guillaume Vogt]], [[Anne Puel]], [[Jacinta Bustamante]], [[Philippe Gros]], [[Jon M. Huibregtse]], [[Laurent Abel]], [[Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis]] & [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]]
  | author = [[Dusan Bogunovic]], [[Minji Byun]], [[Larissa A. Durfee]], [[Avinash Abhyankar]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Davood Mansouri]], [[Sandra Salem]], [[Irena Radovanovic]], [[Audrey V. Grant]], [[Parisa Adimi]], [[Nahal Mansouri]], [[Satoshi Okada]], [[Vanessa L. Bryant]], [[Xiao-Fei Kong]], [[Alexandra Kreins]], [[Marcela Moncada Velez]], [[Bertrand Boisson]], [[Soheila Khalilzadeh]], [[Ugur Ozcelik]], [[Ilad Alavi Darazam]], [[John W. Schoggins]], [[Charles M. Rice]], [[Saleh Al-Muhsen]], [[Marcel Behr]], [[Guillaume Vogt]], [[Anne Puel]], [[Jacinta Bustamante]], [[Philippe Gros]], [[Jon M. Huibregtse]], [[Laurent Abel]], [[Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis]] & [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]]
  | title = Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-gamma immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency
  | title = Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-gamma immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency
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==EVER1 Deficiency==
==EVER1 Deficiency==
* EVER1 (transmembrane channel like 6) gene located on chromosome 17q25.3 encodes integral membrane proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and are predicted to form transmembrane channels. It encodes a transmembrane channel like protein with 10 transmembrane domains and 2 leucine zipper motifs.<ref>{{Cite journal
* EVER1 ([[transmembrane]] channel like 6) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 17|chromosome 17q25.3]] encodes integral [[membrane protein|membrane proteins]] that localize to the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] and are predicted to form [[transmembrane]] channels. It encodes a [[transmembrane]] channel like [[protein]] with 10 [[transmembrane]] domains and 2 [[leucine]] zipper motifs.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 813: Line 813:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* EVER1 deficiency is associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) which is characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human papillomaviruses and multiple squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of sun exposed areas of skin.<ref>{{Cite journal
* EVER1 deficiency is associated with [[epidermodysplasia verruciformis|epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)]] which is characterized by abnormal susceptibility to [[human papillomavirus|human papillomaviruses]] and multiple [[squamous cell carcinoma|squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)]] of sun exposed areas of [[skin]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Baki Akgul]], [[Osman Kose]], [[Mukerrem Safali]], [[Karin Purdie]], [[Rino Cerio]], [[Charlotte Proby]] & [[Alan Storey]]
  | author = [[Baki Akgul]], [[Osman Kose]], [[Mukerrem Safali]], [[Karin Purdie]], [[Rino Cerio]], [[Charlotte Proby]] & [[Alan Storey]]
  | title = A distinct variant of Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a Turkish family lacking EVER1 and EVER2 mutations
  | title = A distinct variant of Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a Turkish family lacking EVER1 and EVER2 mutations
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==EVER2 Deficiency==
==EVER2 Deficiency==
* EVER2 (transmembrane channel like 8) gene located on chromosome 17q25.3 encodes integral membrane proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and are predicted to form transmembrane channels. it encodes a transmembrane channel like protein with 8 predicted transmembrane domains and 3 leucine zippers motifs.<ref>{{Cite journal
* EVER2 ([[transmembrane]] channel like 8) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 17|chromosome 17q25.3]] encodes integral [[membrane proteins]] that localize to the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] and are predicted to form [[transmembrane]] channels. it encodes a [[transmembrane]] channel like [[protein]] with 8 predicted [[transmembrane]] domains and 3 [[leucine]] zippers motifs.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 839: Line 839:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* EVER2 deficiency can present with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), HPV infection and head & neck squamous cell carcinomas.<ref>{{Cite journal
* EVER2 deficiency can present with [[epidermodysplasia verruciformis|epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)]], [[human papillomavirus|HPV infection]] and head & neck [[squamous cell carcinoma|squamous cell carcinomas]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[E. Imahorn]], [[Z. Yuksel]], [[I. Spoerri]], [[G. Gurel]], [[C. Imhof]], [[Z. N. Saracoglu]], [[A. E. Koku Aksu]], [[P. L. Rady]], [[S. K. Tyring]], [[W. Kempf]], [[P. H. Itin]] & [[B. Burger]]
  | author = [[E. Imahorn]], [[Z. Yuksel]], [[I. Spoerri]], [[G. Gurel]], [[C. Imhof]], [[Z. N. Saracoglu]], [[A. E. Koku Aksu]], [[P. L. Rady]], [[S. K. Tyring]], [[W. Kempf]], [[P. H. Itin]] & [[B. Burger]]
  | title = Novel TMC8 splice site mutation in epidermodysplasia verruciformis and review of HPV infections in patients with the disease
  | title = Novel TMC8 splice site mutation in epidermodysplasia verruciformis and review of HPV infections in patients with the disease
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==WHIM Syndrome==
==WHIM Syndrome==
* WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis) syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by neutropenia, lymphopenia, susceptibility to infections and myelokathexis is caused by mutation in the CXCR4 gene.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[WHIM syndrome|WHIM]] ([[warts]], [[hypogammaglobulinemia]], [[infections]], [[myelokathexis]]) [[syndrome]] is a [[genetic]] [[disease]] characterized by [[neutropenia]], [[lymphopenia]], susceptibility to [[infections]] and [[myelokathexis]] is caused by [[mutation]] in the [[CXCR4]] [[gene]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Raffaele Badolato]] & [[Jean Donadieu]]
  | author = [[Raffaele Badolato]] & [[Jean Donadieu]]
  | title = How I treat warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome
  | title = How I treat warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome
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  | pmid = 29066537
  | pmid = 29066537
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CXCR4 (c-x-c motif chemokine receptor4) gene located on chromosome 2q22.1 encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell derived factor1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions & is located on cell surface. It acts with CD4 protein to support HIV entry into the cells & is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CXCR4]] (c-x-c motif chemokine receptor4) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 2|chromosome 2q22.1]] encodes a CXC [[chemokine]] [[receptor]] specific for stromal [[cell]] derived factor1. The [[protein]] has 7 [[transmembrane]] regions & is located on [[cell]] surface. It acts with [[CD4]] [[protein]] to support [[HIV]] entry into the [[cell|cells]] & is also highly expressed in [[breast]] [[cancer]] [[cell|cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 888: Line 888:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment options include; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), plerixafor (AMD3100) and allogenic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment options include; [[granulocyte colony stimulating factor|granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)]], granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), [[plerixafor|plerixafor (AMD3100)]] and [[stem cell transplantation|allogenic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Lauren E. Heusinkveld]], [[Erin Yim]], [[Alexander Yang]], [[Ari B. Azani]], [[Qian Liu]], [[Ji-Liang Gao]], [[David H. McDermott]] & [[Philip M. Murphy]]
  | author = [[Lauren E. Heusinkveld]], [[Erin Yim]], [[Alexander Yang]], [[Ari B. Azani]], [[Qian Liu]], [[Ji-Liang Gao]], [[David H. McDermott]] & [[Philip M. Murphy]]
  | title = Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in WHIM syndrome immunodeficiency
  | title = Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in WHIM syndrome immunodeficiency
Line 902: Line 902:


==STAT1 Deficiency==
==STAT1 Deficiency==
* [[STAT1]] (signal transducer & activator of [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] 1) gene located on [[Chromosome 2 (human)|chromosome 2q32.2]] encodes a [[protein]] member of the STAT protein family. When activated, STAT family members translocate to the [[cell nucleus]] where they act as [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription activators]]. It is activated by various [[Ligand (biochemistry)|ligands]] including [[interferon-alpha]], [[interferon-gamma]], EGF, [[Platelet-derived growth factor|PDGF]] and [[Interleukin-6 receptor|IL6]] and is thought to be important for [[Cell (biology)|cell]] viability in response to different [[Cell (biology)|cell]] stimuli and [[Pathogen|pathogens]].<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[STAT1]] (signal transducer & activator of [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] 1) gene located on [[Chromosome 2 (human)|chromosome 2q32.2]] encodes a [[protein]] member of the [[STAT]] [[protein]] family. When activated, [[STAT]] family members translocate to the [[cell nucleus]] where they act as [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription activators]]. It is activated by various [[Ligand (biochemistry)|ligands]] including [[interferon-alpha]], [[interferon-gamma]], EGF, [[Platelet-derived growth factor|PDGF]] and [[Interleukin-6 receptor|IL6]] and is thought to be important for [[Cell (biology)|cell]] viability in response to different [[Cell (biology)|cell]] stimuli and [[Pathogen|pathogens]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 914: Line 914:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* STAT1 deficiency (loss of function mutation) can present with predisposition to intracellular (mycobacterial) and viral infections.<ref name="LeggerWulffraat2016">{{cite journal|last1=Legger|first1=G. Elizabeth|last2=Wulffraat|first2=Nico M.|last3=van Montfrans|first3=Joris M.|title=Immunodeficiencies and the Rheumatic Diseases|year=2016|pages=597–608.e5|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-24145-8.00046-6}}</ref>
* [[STAT1]] deficiency (loss of function [[mutation]]) can present with predisposition to intracellular ([[mycobacterium|mycobacterial]]) and [[virus|viral infections]].<ref name="LeggerWulffraat2016">{{cite journal|last1=Legger|first1=G. Elizabeth|last2=Wulffraat|first2=Nico M.|last3=van Montfrans|first3=Joris M.|title=Immunodeficiencies and the Rheumatic Diseases|year=2016|pages=597–608.e5|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-24145-8.00046-6}}</ref>


==STAT2 Deficiency==
==STAT2 Deficiency==
* STAT2 (signal transducer & activator of transcription 2) gene located on chromosome 12q13.3 encodes for a protein member of STAT protein family, when activated translocates to the cell necleus and act as transcription activators.In response to interferon, this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (ISGF3G), in which this protein acts as a transactivator.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[STAT2]] (signal transducer & activator of [[transcription]] 2) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 12|chromosome 12q13.3]] encodes for a [[protein]] member of [[STAT]] [[protein]] family, when activated translocates to the [[cell]] [[necleus]] and act as [[transcription]] activators.In response to [[interferon]], this [[protein]] forms a complex with [[STAT1]] and [[interferon|IFN]] regulatory factor family [[protein]] p48 (ISGF3G), in which this [[protein]] acts as a transactivator.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 929: Line 929:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* STAT2 deficiency can present with severe viral infections, including measles in children.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[STAT2]] deficiency can present with severe [[virus|viral infections]], including [[measles]] in children.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Sophie Hambleton]], [[Stephen Goodbourn]], [[Dan F. Young]], [[Paul Dickinson]], [[Siti M. B. Mohamad]], [[Manoj Valappil]], [[Naomi McGovern]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Peter Ghazal]], [[Neil V. Morgan]] & [[Richard E. Randall]]
  | author = [[Sophie Hambleton]], [[Stephen Goodbourn]], [[Dan F. Young]], [[Paul Dickinson]], [[Siti M. B. Mohamad]], [[Manoj Valappil]], [[Naomi McGovern]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Peter Ghazal]], [[Neil V. Morgan]] & [[Richard E. Randall]]
  | title = STAT2 deficiency and susceptibility to viral illness in humans
  | title = STAT2 deficiency and susceptibility to viral illness in humans
Line 943: Line 943:


==IRF7 Deficiency==
==IRF7 Deficiency==
* IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 encodes IRF7. It play a role in the transcriptional activation of virus inducible cellular genes, including interferon beta chain genes. Its expression is largely restricted to lymphoid tissue.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[IRF7]] ([[interferon]] regulatory factor 7) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 11|chromosome 11p15.5]] encodes [[IRF7]]. It play a role in the transcriptional activation of [[virus]] inducible [[cell|cellular]] [[gene|genes]], including [[interferon beta]] chain [[genes]]. Its expression is largely restricted to [[lymphoid tissue]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 955: Line 955:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
*
* [[IRF7]] deficiency can present with severe [[virus|viral infections]] including life threatening [[influenza]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Michael J. Ciancanelli]], [[Sarah X. L. Huang]], [[Priya Luthra]], [[Hannah Garner]], [[Yuval Itan]], [[Stefano Volpi]], [[Fabien G. Lafaille]], [[Celine Trouillet]], [[Mirco Schmolke]], [[Randy A. Albrecht]], [[Elisabeth Israelsson]], [[Hye Kyung Lim]], [[Melina Casadio]], [[Tamar Hermesh]], [[Lazaro Lorenzo]], [[Lawrence W. Leung]], [[Vincent Pedergnana]], [[Bertrand Boisson]], [[Satoshi Okada]], [[Capucine Picard]], [[Benedicte Ringuier]], [[Francoise Troussier]], [[Damien Chaussabel]], [[Laurent Abel]], [[Isabelle Pellier]], [[Luigi D. Notarangelo]], [[Adolfo Garcia-Sastre]], [[Christopher F. Basler]], [[Frederic Geissmann]], [[Shen-Ying Zhang]], [[Hans-Willem Snoeck]] & [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]]
| title = Infectious disease. Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency
| journal = [[Science (New York, N.Y.)]]
| volume = 348
| issue = 6233
| pages = 448–453
| year = 2015
| month = April
| doi = 10.1126/science.aaa1578
| pmid = 25814066
}}</ref>


==CD16 Deficiency==
==CD16 Deficiency==
*
* [[CD16]] also called [[FCGR3A]] (Fc Fragement of [[IgG]] [[Receptor]] IIIa) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 1|chromosome 1q23.3]] encodes a [[receptor]] for Fc portion of [[IgG]], which is involved in the removal of [[antigen]]-[[antibody]] complexes from the [[circulation]] as well as other [[antibody]] dependant responses.<ref>{{Cite journal
*
| author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
| title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
| journal = [[Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP]]
| volume = 13
| issue = 2
| pages = 397–406
| year = 2014
| month = February
| doi = 10.1074/mcp.M113.035600
| pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
* [[CD16]] deficiency presents with severe [[virus|viral infections]] including life threatening [[herpes virus|herpes virus infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Jennifer T. Grier]], [[Lisa R. Forbes]], [[Linda Monaco-Shawver]], [[Jennifer Oshinsky]], [[T. Prescott Atkinson]], [[Curtis Moody]], [[Rahul Pandey]], [[Kerry S. Campbell]] & [[Jordan S. Orange]]
| title = Human immunodeficiency-causing mutation defines CD16 in spontaneous NK cell cytotoxicity
| journal = [[The Journal of clinical investigation]]
| volume = 122
| issue = 10
| pages = 3769–3780
| year = 2012
| month = October
| doi = 10.1172/JCI64837
| pmid = 23006327
}}</ref>


==MDAS Deficiency==
==MDA5 Deficiency==
*
* [[MDA5]] ([[melanoma]] differentiation associated [[gene]] 5) also called as [[IFIH1]] ([[interferon]] induced [[helicase]] C [[domain]] containing [[prtein]] 1) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 2|chromosome 2q24.2]] encodes a DEAD box [[protein|proteins]] and is implicated in a number of [[cell|cellular]] processes involving alteration of [[RNA]] secondary structure such as [[translation]] initiation, [[nucleus|nuclear]] & [[mitochondria|mitochondrial]] splicing and [[ribosome]] & [[spliceosome]] assembly.<ref>{{Cite journal
*
| author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
| title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
| journal = [[Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP]]
| volume = 13
| issue = 2
| pages = 397–406
| year = 2014
| month = February
| doi = 10.1074/mcp.M113.035600
| pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
* [[MDA5]] deficiency can lead to recurrent and severe [[virus|viral infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Maha Zaki]], [[Michaela Thoenes]], [[Amit Kawalia]], [[Peter Nurnberg]], [[Rolf Kaiser]], [[Raoul Heller]] & [[Hanno J. Bolz]]
| title = Recurrent and Prolonged Infections in a Child with a Homozygous IFIH1 Nonsense Mutation
| journal = [[Frontiers in genetics]]
| volume = 8
| pages = 130
| year = 2017
| month =
| doi = 10.3389/fgene.2017.00130
| pmid = 29018476
}}</ref>


==Herpes Simplex Encephalitis==
==Herpes Simplex Encephalitis==
*
* [[Herpes simplex encephalitis]] is an [[infection]] of the [[brain parenchyma]] cause by a double stranded [[DNA virus]] called [[herpes simplex virus|herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1)]], which gains access to human body through [[mucous membranes]] or damaged [[skin]].<ref>{{Cite journal
*
| author = [[Michael J. Bradshaw]] & [[Arun Venkatesan]]
 
| title = Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
| journal = [[Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics]]
| volume = 13
| issue = 3
| pages = 493–508
| year = 2016
| month = July
| doi = 10.1007/s13311-016-0433-7
| pmid = 27106239
}}</ref>
* It can present as [[fever]], new [[seizures]], [[altered mental status]], focal neurological signs, [[CSF]] [[pleocytosis]] and contrast enhancing lesions on [[MRI]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Michael J. Bradshaw]] & [[Arun Venkatesan]]
| title = Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
| journal = [[Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics]]
| volume = 13
| issue = 3
| pages = 493–508
| year = 2016
| month = July
| doi = 10.1007/s13311-016-0433-7
| pmid = 27106239
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes IV [[acyclovir]] for 14 to 21 days.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Michael J. Bradshaw]] & [[Arun Venkatesan]]
| title = Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
| journal = [[Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics]]
| volume = 13
| issue = 3
| pages = 493–508
| year = 2016
| month = July
| doi = 10.1007/s13311-016-0433-7
| pmid = 27106239
}}</ref>
* For further information of herpes simplex encephalitis click [[Herpes simplex encephalitis|here]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 23:07, 28 January 2019

Immunodeficiency Main Page

Home

Overview

Classification

Immunodeficiency Affecting Cellular and Humoral Immunity

Combined Immunodeficiency

Predominantly Antibody Deficiency

Diseases of Immune Dysregulation

Congenital Defects of Phagocytes

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Auto-inflammatory Disorders

Complement Deficiencies

Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[3], Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[4]

Overview

Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity can result in infection by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Classification


 
 
Defects in Intrinsic & Innate Immunity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) Bacterial and Parasitic Infections
 
(B) MSMD & Viral Infections


Bacterial and Parasitic infections

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Defects in Intrinsic & Innate Immunity: (A) Bacterial and Parasitic Infections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predisposition to Invasive Bacterial Infections (pyrogens)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predisposition to Parasitic & Fungal Infections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Others
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRAK4 Deficiency, IRAK4, AR, MyD88 Deficiency, MYD88, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Osteopetrosis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRAK-1 Deficiency:IRAK1,XL
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predisposition to mucocutaneous candidiasis(CMC)
 
 
 
 
CARD9 Deficiency, CARD9, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hyderadenitis Suppurativa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TIRAP Deficiency, TIRAP, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAT1 GOF, STAT1, AD
 
 
 
 
Trypanosomiasis APOL1, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute liver failure due to NBAS deficiency, NBAS, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Isolated Congenital Asplenia, RPSA, AD; HMOX, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IL-17F Deficiency, IL-17F, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy, RANBP2, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IL-17RA Deficiency, IL-17RA, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IL-17RC Deficiency, IL-17RC, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ACT1 Deficiency, ACT1, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


MSMD and Viral Infections


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Defects in Intrinsic & Innate Immunity: (B) MSMD & Viral Infections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease(MSMD)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predominant susceptibility to viral infections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Severe Phenotypes
 
 
 
Moderate Phenotypes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis(HPV)
 
 
 
 
 
Predisposition to severe viral infections
 
 
 
 
Herpes simplex encephalitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Complete IFNGR1 def: and IFNGR2 def:, IFNGR1,IFNGR2,AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
IL12 & 23 receptor B1 chain def:, IL12P40 def:, STAT1 LOF, Partial IFNYR1 & 2, AD IFNGR1, TyK2 def:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EVER1 def:, TMC6, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAT1 def: (AR LOF)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISG15 def:, ISG15,AR; Macrophage Gp91 Phox def:CYBB,XL,IRG8 def:,IRF8,AD; IRF8 def:, IRF8 AR; RORc def:, ROCR,AR; JACK1(LOF),JAK1,AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EVER2 def:, TMC8,AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
STAT2 def: (STAT2 AR)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WHIM (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, Myelokathexis) Syndrome, CXCR4, AD,GOF
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRF7 def: (IRF7,AR)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IFNAR2 def: (IFNAR2,AR)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CD16 def: (FCGR3A,AR)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MDA5 def: (LOF), IFIH1,AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


IRAK4 Deficiency

IRAK1 Deficiency

TIRAP Deficiency

RPSA Deficiency

STAT1 GOF

IL17F Deficiency

IL17RA Deficiency

IL17RC Deficiency

ACT1 Deficiency

CARD9 Deficiency

Trypanosomiasis (APOL1)

Osteopetrosis

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

NBAS Deficiency

RANBP2 Deficiency

IFNGR1 Deficiency

IL12 & IL23 Receptor B1 Chain Deficiency

ISG15 Deficiency

EVER1 Deficiency

EVER2 Deficiency

WHIM Syndrome

STAT1 Deficiency

STAT2 Deficiency

IRF7 Deficiency

CD16 Deficiency

MDA5 Deficiency

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

References

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