Vaginal cancer other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{sali}} | |||
{{Vaginal cancer}} | {{Vaginal cancer}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Cystoscopy]], [[ureteroscopy]], lymphangiogram, and [[cone biopsy]] may be helpful to detect the spread of vaginal cancer. | |||
==Cone Biopsy== | |||
A [[biopsy]] may be done to find out if [[cancer]] has spread to the [[cervix]]<ref name="pmid26418271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Okonkwo CA, Selo-Ojeme DO |title=An analysis of the outcomes of cervical cone biopsies performed in a low resource setting |journal=J Obstet Gynaecol |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=604–7 |date=2015 |pmid=26418271 |doi=10.3109/01443615.2014.990426 |url=}}</ref>. A sample of [[tissue]] is cut from the [[cervix]] and viewed under a [[microscope]]. A biopsy that removes only a small amount of [[tissue]] is usually done in the doctor’s office. A woman may need to go to a hospital for a [[cone biopsy]] (removal of a larger, cone-shaped piece of tissue from the [[cervix]] and [[cervical]] canal). A [[biopsy]] of the [[vulva]] may also be done to see if cancer has spread there. | |||
==Cystoscopy== | ==Cystoscopy== | ||
A procedure to look inside the bladder and urethra to check for abnormal areas. A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. A cystoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. | A procedure to look inside the [[bladder]] and [[urethra]] to check for abnormal areas. A [[cystoscope]] is inserted through the [[urethra]] into the [[bladder]]. A [[cystoscope]] is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a [[microscope]] for signs of [[cancer]]. [[Cystourethroscopy]] permits visualization of the [[urethral]] tumor and allows [[biopsies]] to be performed to remove samples for histologic examination.<ref name="pmid29113768">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dell'Atti L, Galosi AB |title=Female Urethra Adenocarcinoma |journal=Clin Genitourin Cancer |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=e263–e267 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29113768 |doi=10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.006 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
==Ureteroscopy== | ==Ureteroscopy== | ||
A procedure to look inside the ureters to check for abnormal areas. A ureteroscope is inserted through the bladder and into the ureters. A ureteroscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. A ureteroscopy and cystoscopy may be done during the same procedure | A procedure to look inside the [[ureters]] to check for abnormal areas. A [[ureteroscope]] is inserted through the [[bladder]] and into the [[ureters]]. A [[ureteroscope]] is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove [[tissue]] to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. A [[ureteroscopy]] and [[cystoscopy]] may be done during the same procedure<ref name="pmid17478367">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narang V, Sinha T, Karan SC, Sandhu AS, Sethi GS, Srivastava A, Talwar R, Adlakha N |title=Ureteroscopy: savior to the gynecologist? Ureteroscopic management of post laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy ureterovaginal fistulas |journal=J Minim Invasive Gynecol |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=345–7 |date=2007 |pmid=17478367 |doi=10.1016/j.jmig.2006.10.013 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
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==Lymphangiogram== | ==Lymphangiogram== | ||
A procedure used to x-ray the lymph system. A dye is injected into the lymph vessels in the feet. The dye travels upward through the lymph nodes and lymph vessels and x-rays are taken to see if there are any blockages. This test helps find out whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. | A procedure used to [[x-ray]] the [[lymph]] system. A [[dye]] is injected into the [[lymph]] [[vessels]] in the [[feet]]. The [[dye]] travels upward through the [[lymph nodes]] and [[lymph]] [[vessels]] and [[x-rays]] are taken to see if there are any blockages. This test helps find out whether [[cancer]] has spread to the [[lymph nodes]]<ref name="pmid29256071">{{cite journal |vauthors=Itkin M, Nadolski GJ |title=Modern Techniques of Lymphangiography and Interventions: Current Status and Future Development |journal=Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=366–376 |date=March 2018 |pmid=29256071 |doi=10.1007/s00270-017-1863-2 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:28, 7 February 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]
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Overview
Cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, lymphangiogram, and cone biopsy may be helpful to detect the spread of vaginal cancer.
Cone Biopsy
A biopsy may be done to find out if cancer has spread to the cervix[1]. A sample of tissue is cut from the cervix and viewed under a microscope. A biopsy that removes only a small amount of tissue is usually done in the doctor’s office. A woman may need to go to a hospital for a cone biopsy (removal of a larger, cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix and cervical canal). A biopsy of the vulva may also be done to see if cancer has spread there.
Cystoscopy
A procedure to look inside the bladder and urethra to check for abnormal areas. A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. A cystoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. Cystourethroscopy permits visualization of the urethral tumor and allows biopsies to be performed to remove samples for histologic examination.[2].
Ureteroscopy
A procedure to look inside the ureters to check for abnormal areas. A ureteroscope is inserted through the bladder and into the ureters. A ureteroscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. A ureteroscopy and cystoscopy may be done during the same procedure[3].
Lymphangiogram
A procedure used to x-ray the lymph system. A dye is injected into the lymph vessels in the feet. The dye travels upward through the lymph nodes and lymph vessels and x-rays are taken to see if there are any blockages. This test helps find out whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes[4].
References
- ↑ Okonkwo CA, Selo-Ojeme DO (2015). "An analysis of the outcomes of cervical cone biopsies performed in a low resource setting". J Obstet Gynaecol. 35 (6): 604–7. doi:10.3109/01443615.2014.990426. PMID 26418271.
- ↑ Dell'Atti L, Galosi AB (April 2018). "Female Urethra Adenocarcinoma". Clin Genitourin Cancer. 16 (2): e263–e267. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.006. PMID 29113768.
- ↑ Narang V, Sinha T, Karan SC, Sandhu AS, Sethi GS, Srivastava A, Talwar R, Adlakha N (2007). "Ureteroscopy: savior to the gynecologist? Ureteroscopic management of post laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy ureterovaginal fistulas". J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 14 (3): 345–7. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2006.10.013. PMID 17478367.
- ↑ Itkin M, Nadolski GJ (March 2018). "Modern Techniques of Lymphangiography and Interventions: Current Status and Future Development". Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 41 (3): 366–376. doi:10.1007/s00270-017-1863-2. PMID 29256071.