Gallbladder cancer differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Gallbladder cancer}}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gallbladder_cancer]]
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VKG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VKG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma [[Liver hemangioma|liver hemangioma,]] [[Liver abscess]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] [[Lesion|lesions]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma|cholangiocarcinoma,]] [[Pancreatic carcinoma|pancreatic carcinoma,]] [[Focal nodular hyperplasia]].  
Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma [[liver hemangioma|liver hemangioma,]] [[Liver abscess]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] [[Lesion|lesions]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma|cholangiocarcinoma,]] [[Pancreatic carcinoma|pancreatic carcinoma,]] [[focal nodular hyperplasia]].  
==Differentiatiating Gallbladder cancer from other Diseases==
==Differentiatiating Gallbladder cancer from other Diseases==
* Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from other diseases that causes right upper quadrant pain include followings:<ref name="pmid26770920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Lee E, Jang HJ |title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Clin Mol Hepatol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=326–43 |year=2015 |pmid=26770920 |pmc=4712159 |doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Ferrell2000">{{cite journal|last1=Ferrell|first1=Linda|title=Liver Pathology: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis and Primary Liver Tumors. Update and Diagnostic Problems|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=13|issue=6|year=2000|pages=679–704|issn=0893-3952|doi=10.1038/modpathol.3880119}}</ref><ref name="KimLee2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref><ref name="KimLee20152">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref><ref name="AlturkistanyJang2011">{{cite journal|last1=Alturkistany|first1=Samira|last2=Jang|first2=Hyun-Jung|last3=Yu|first3=Hojun|last4=Lee|first4=Kyoung Ho|last5=Kim|first5=Tae Kyoung|title=Fading hepatic hemangiomas on multiphasic CT|journal=Abdominal Radiology|volume=37|issue=5|year=2011|pages=775–780|issn=2366-004X|doi=10.1007/s00261-011-9826-6}}</ref><ref name="Heiken2007">{{cite journal|last1=Heiken|first1=Jay P.|title=Distinguishing benign from malignant liver tumours|journal=Cancer Imaging|volume=7|issue=Special Issue A|year=2007|pages=S1–S14|issn=1470-7330|doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9084}}</ref><ref name="pmid21427331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tamada T, Ito K, Yamamoto A, Sone T, Kanki A, Tanaka F, Higashi H |title=Hepatic hemangiomas: evaluation of enhancement patterns at dynamic MRI with gadoxetate disodium |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=196 |issue=4 |pages=824–30 |year=2011 |pmid=21427331 |doi=10.2214/AJR.10.5113 |url=}}</ref><ref name="BhayanaKim2010">{{cite journal|last1=Bhayana|first1=Deepak|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|last5=Wilson|first5=Stephanie R.|title=Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=194|issue=4|year=2010|pages=977–983|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3375}}</ref><ref name="BhayanaKim20102">{{cite journal|last1=Bhayana|first1=Deepak|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|last5=Wilson|first5=Stephanie R.|title=Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=194|issue=4|year=2010|pages=977–983|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3375}}</ref><ref name="KimLee2011">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Kyoung Ho|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun–Jung|last4=Haider|first4=Masoom A.|last5=Jacks|first5=Lindsay M.|last6=Menezes|first6=Ravi J.|last7=Park|first7=Seong Ho|last8=Yazdi|first8=Leyla|last9=Sherman|first9=Morris|last10=Khalili|first10=Korosh|title=Analysis of Gadobenate Dimeglumine–enhanced MR Findings for Characterizing Small (1–2-cm) Hepatic Nodules in Patients at High Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma|journal=Radiology|volume=259|issue=3|year=2011|pages=730–738|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.11101549}}</ref><ref name="pmid11833870">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim JH, Kim TK, Kim BS, Eun HW, Kim PN, Lee MG, Ha HK |title=Enhancement of hepatic hemangiomas with levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=141–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11833870 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="BranniganBurns2004">{{cite journal|last1=Brannigan|first1=Margot|last2=Burns|first2=Peter N.|last3=Wilson|first3=Stephanie R.|title=Blood Flow Patterns in Focal Liver Lesions at Microbubble-enhanced US|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=24|issue=4|year=2004|pages=921–935|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.244035158}}</ref><ref name="MeniasSurabhi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Menias|first1=Christine O.|last2=Surabhi|first2=Venkateswar R.|last3=Prasad|first3=Srinivasa R.|last4=Wang|first4=Hanlin L.|last5=Narra|first5=Vamsi R.|last6=Chintapalli|first6=Kedar N.|title=Mimics of Cholangiocarcinoma: Spectrum of Disease|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=28|issue=4|year=2008|pages=1115–1129|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.284075148}}</ref><ref name="pmid17161932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Syed MA, Kim TK, Jang HJ |title=Portal and hepatic vein thrombosis in liver abscess: CT findings |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=513–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17161932 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.11.022 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16641791">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Jang HJ, Wilson SR |title=Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents |journal=Ultrasound Q |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=31–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16641791 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimChoi2004">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Kyoung Won|last2=Choi|first2=Byung Ihn|last3=Park|first3=Seong Ho|last4=Kim|first4=Ah Young|last5=Koh|first5=Young Hwan|last6=Lee|first6=Hyun Ju|last7=Han|first7=Joon Koo|title=Pyogenic hepatic abscesses: distinctive features from hypovascular hepatic malignancies on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SH U 508A; early experience|journal=Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology|volume=30|issue=6|year=2004|pages=725–733|issn=03015629|doi=10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid18359914">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu GJ, Lu MD, Xie XY, Xu HX, Xu ZF, Zheng YL, Liang JY, Wang W |title=Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of infected focal liver lesions |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=657–66 |year=2008 |pmid=18359914 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="WilsonKim2007">{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Stephanie R.|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|title=Enhancement Patterns of Focal Liver Masses: Discordance Between Contrast-Enhanced Sonography and Contrast-Enhanced CT and MRI|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=189|issue=1|year=2007|pages=W7–W12|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.06.1060}}</ref><ref name="GuoXu2015">{{cite journal|last1=Guo|first1=Le-Hang|last2=Xu|first2=Hui-Xiong|title=Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Controversy over the ASSLD Guideline|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2015|year=2015|pages=1–5|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2015/349172}}</ref><ref name="pmid9562062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK |title=MRI of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=359–66 |year=1998 |pmid=9562062 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimChoi1997">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=T K|last2=Choi|first2=B I|last3=Han|first3=J K|last4=Jang|first4=H J|last5=Cho|first5=S G|last6=Han|first6=M C|title=Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings.|journal=Radiology|volume=204|issue=2|year=1997|pages=539–543|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240550}}</ref>
Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from other diseases that causes right upper quadrant pain include followings:<ref name="pmid26770920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Lee E, Jang HJ |title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Clin Mol Hepatol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=326–43 |year=2015 |pmid=26770920 |pmc=4712159 |doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Ferrell2000">{{cite journal|last1=Ferrell|first1=Linda|title=Liver Pathology: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis and Primary Liver Tumors. Update and Diagnostic Problems|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=13|issue=6|year=2000|pages=679–704|issn=0893-3952|doi=10.1038/modpathol.3880119}}</ref><ref name="KimLee2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref><ref name="KimLee20152">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref><ref name="AlturkistanyJang2011">{{cite journal|last1=Alturkistany|first1=Samira|last2=Jang|first2=Hyun-Jung|last3=Yu|first3=Hojun|last4=Lee|first4=Kyoung Ho|last5=Kim|first5=Tae Kyoung|title=Fading hepatic hemangiomas on multiphasic CT|journal=Abdominal Radiology|volume=37|issue=5|year=2011|pages=775–780|issn=2366-004X|doi=10.1007/s00261-011-9826-6}}</ref><ref name="Heiken2007">{{cite journal|last1=Heiken|first1=Jay P.|title=Distinguishing benign from malignant liver tumours|journal=Cancer Imaging|volume=7|issue=Special Issue A|year=2007|pages=S1–S14|issn=1470-7330|doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9084}}</ref><ref name="pmid21427331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tamada T, Ito K, Yamamoto A, Sone T, Kanki A, Tanaka F, Higashi H |title=Hepatic hemangiomas: evaluation of enhancement patterns at dynamic MRI with gadoxetate disodium |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=196 |issue=4 |pages=824–30 |year=2011 |pmid=21427331 |doi=10.2214/AJR.10.5113 |url=}}</ref><ref name="BhayanaKim2010">{{cite journal|last1=Bhayana|first1=Deepak|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|last5=Wilson|first5=Stephanie R.|title=Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=194|issue=4|year=2010|pages=977–983|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3375}}</ref><ref name="BhayanaKim20102">{{cite journal|last1=Bhayana|first1=Deepak|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|last5=Wilson|first5=Stephanie R.|title=Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=194|issue=4|year=2010|pages=977–983|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3375}}</ref><ref name="KimLee2011">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Kyoung Ho|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun–Jung|last4=Haider|first4=Masoom A.|last5=Jacks|first5=Lindsay M.|last6=Menezes|first6=Ravi J.|last7=Park|first7=Seong Ho|last8=Yazdi|first8=Leyla|last9=Sherman|first9=Morris|last10=Khalili|first10=Korosh|title=Analysis of Gadobenate Dimeglumine–enhanced MR Findings for Characterizing Small (1–2-cm) Hepatic Nodules in Patients at High Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma|journal=Radiology|volume=259|issue=3|year=2011|pages=730–738|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.11101549}}</ref><ref name="pmid11833870">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim JH, Kim TK, Kim BS, Eun HW, Kim PN, Lee MG, Ha HK |title=Enhancement of hepatic hemangiomas with levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=141–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11833870 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="BranniganBurns2004">{{cite journal|last1=Brannigan|first1=Margot|last2=Burns|first2=Peter N.|last3=Wilson|first3=Stephanie R.|title=Blood Flow Patterns in Focal Liver Lesions at Microbubble-enhanced US|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=24|issue=4|year=2004|pages=921–935|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.244035158}}</ref><ref name="MeniasSurabhi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Menias|first1=Christine O.|last2=Surabhi|first2=Venkateswar R.|last3=Prasad|first3=Srinivasa R.|last4=Wang|first4=Hanlin L.|last5=Narra|first5=Vamsi R.|last6=Chintapalli|first6=Kedar N.|title=Mimics of Cholangiocarcinoma: Spectrum of Disease|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=28|issue=4|year=2008|pages=1115–1129|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.284075148}}</ref><ref name="pmid17161932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Syed MA, Kim TK, Jang HJ |title=Portal and hepatic vein thrombosis in liver abscess: CT findings |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=513–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17161932 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.11.022 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16641791">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Jang HJ, Wilson SR |title=Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents |journal=Ultrasound Q |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=31–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16641791 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimChoi2004">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Kyoung Won|last2=Choi|first2=Byung Ihn|last3=Park|first3=Seong Ho|last4=Kim|first4=Ah Young|last5=Koh|first5=Young Hwan|last6=Lee|first6=Hyun Ju|last7=Han|first7=Joon Koo|title=Pyogenic hepatic abscesses: distinctive features from hypovascular hepatic malignancies on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SH U 508A; early experience|journal=Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology|volume=30|issue=6|year=2004|pages=725–733|issn=03015629|doi=10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid18359914">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu GJ, Lu MD, Xie XY, Xu HX, Xu ZF, Zheng YL, Liang JY, Wang W |title=Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of infected focal liver lesions |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=657–66 |year=2008 |pmid=18359914 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="WilsonKim2007">{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Stephanie R.|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|title=Enhancement Patterns of Focal Liver Masses: Discordance Between Contrast-Enhanced Sonography and Contrast-Enhanced CT and MRI|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=189|issue=1|year=2007|pages=W7–W12|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.06.1060}}</ref><ref name="GuoXu2015">{{cite journal|last1=Guo|first1=Le-Hang|last2=Xu|first2=Hui-Xiong|title=Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Controversy over the ASSLD Guideline|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2015|year=2015|pages=1–5|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2015/349172}}</ref><ref name="pmid9562062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK |title=MRI of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=359–66 |year=1998 |pmid=9562062 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimChoi1997">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=T K|last2=Choi|first2=B I|last3=Han|first3=J K|last4=Jang|first4=H J|last5=Cho|first5=S G|last6=Han|first6=M C|title=Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings.|journal=Radiology|volume=204|issue=2|year=1997|pages=539–543|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240550}}</ref>
** [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] 
* [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] 
** [[Liver hemangioma]]
* [[Liver hemangioma]]
** [[Liver abscess]]
* [[Liver abscess]]
** [[Cirrhosis]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]
** [[Inflammatory]] [[lesions]]
* [[Inflammatory]] [[lesions]]
** [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
* [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
** [[Pancreatic carcinoma]]
* [[Pancreatic carcinoma]]
** [[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]
* [[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]<small>
 
'''Abbreviations:'''
'''[[RUQ]]'''= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, '''LUQ'''= Left upper quadrant, '''LLQ'''= Left lower quadrant, '''RLQ'''= Right lower quadrant, '''LFT'''= Liver function test, SIRS= [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], '''[[ERCP]]'''= [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]], '''IV'''= Intravenous, '''N'''= Normal, '''AMA'''= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, '''[[LDH]]'''= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''GI'''= Gastrointestinal, '''CXR'''= Chest X ray, '''IgA'''= [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''IgG'''= [[Immunoglobulin G]], '''IgM'''= [[Immunoglobulin M]], '''CT'''= [[Computed tomography]], '''[[PMN]]'''= Polymorphonuclear cells, '''[[ESR]]'''= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''[[CRP]]'''= [[C-reactive protein]], TS= [[Transferrin saturation]], SF= Serum [[Ferritin]], SMA= [[Superior mesenteric artery]], SMV= [[Superior mesenteric vein]], ECG= [[Electrocardiogram]]
<small>
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! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
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|}
|}'''Abbreviations:[[RUQ]]'''= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, '''LUQ'''= Left upper quadrant, '''LLQ'''= Left lower quadrant, '''RLQ'''= Right lower quadrant, '''LFT'''= Liver function test, SIRS= [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], '''[[ERCP]]'''= [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]], '''IV'''= Intravenous, '''N'''= Normal, '''AMA'''= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, '''[[LDH]]'''= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''GI'''= Gastrointestinal, '''CXR'''= Chest X ray, '''IgA'''= [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''IgG'''= [[Immunoglobulin G]], '''IgM'''= [[Immunoglobulin M]], '''CT'''= [[Computed tomography]], '''[[PMN]]'''= Polymorphonuclear cells, '''[[ESR]]'''= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''[[CRP]]'''= [[C-reactive protein]], TS= [[Transferrin saturation]], SF= Serum [[Ferritin]], SMA= [[Superior mesenteric artery]], SMV= [[Superior mesenteric vein]], ECG= [[Electrocardiogram]]<small>
<small>
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 21:59, 8 February 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma liver hemangioma, Liver abscess, cirrhosis, inflammatory lesions, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia.

Differentiatiating Gallbladder cancer from other Diseases

Gallbladder cancer must be differentiated from other diseases that causes right upper quadrant pain include followings:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Disease Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Comments
Symptoms Signs
Abdominal Pain Fever Rigors and chills Nausea or vomiting Jaundice Constipation Diarrhea Weight loss GI bleeding Hypo-

tension

Guarding Rebound Tenderness Bowel sounds Lab Findings Imaging
Hepatocellular carcinoma/Metastasis RUQ + − − + − − + − − − −
  • Normal
  • Hyperactive if obstruction present
  • US
  • CT
  • Liver biopsy

Other symptoms:

Cholangiocarcinoma Epigastric − − ± ± − + + − − − − N
  • Increased amylase / lipase
  • Increased stool fat content
  • Pancreatic function test
 CT scan
  • Calcification
  • Pseudocyst
  • Dilation of main pancreatic duct
  • Predisposes to pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic carcinoma Epigastric − − + + − + + − − − − N

Skin manifestations may include:

Focal nodular hyperplasia Diffuse ± − − ± − + + + − − − Normal or hyperactive

Extra intestinal findings:

Disease Abdominal Pain Fever Rigors and chills Nausea or vomiting Jaundice Constipation Diarrhea Weight loss GI bleeding Hypo-

tension

Guarding Rebound Tenderness Bowel sounds Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Gallbladder cancer Diffuse ± − − ± − + + − ± − − N Endoscopy is used to confirm diagnosis.

Images used to find complications

Extra intestinal findings:
Liver hemangioma RUQ + − + + − Positive in Hep A and E + − Positive in fulminant hepatitis Positive in acute + N
  • Abnormal LFTs
  • Viral serology
  • US
  • Hep A and E have fecal-oral route of transmission
  • Hep B and C transmits via blood transfusion and sexual contact.
Liver abscess RUQ + + + + − ± + − + + ± Normal or hypoactive
  • US
  • CT
Cirrhosis RUQ − − − + − − + + + − − N US
  • Stigmata of liver disease
  • Cruveilhier- Baumgarten murmur
Inflammatory lesions RUQ − − − + − − + + + − − N US
  • Stigmata of liver disease
  • Cruveilhier- Baumgarten murmur

Abbreviations:RUQ= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, LUQ= Left upper quadrant, LLQ= Left lower quadrant, RLQ= Right lower quadrant, LFT= Liver function test, SIRS= Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ERCP= Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, IV= Intravenous, N= Normal, AMA= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, GI= Gastrointestinal, CXR= Chest X ray, IgA= Immunoglobulin A, IgG= Immunoglobulin G, IgM= Immunoglobulin M, CT= Computed tomography, PMN= Polymorphonuclear cells, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP= C-reactive protein, TS= Transferrin saturation, SF= Serum Ferritin, SMA= Superior mesenteric artery, SMV= Superior mesenteric vein, ECG= Electrocardiogram

References

  1. ↑ Kim TK, Lee E, Jang HJ (2015). "Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma". Clin Mol Hepatol. 21 (4): 326–43. doi:10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326. PMC 4712159. PMID 26770920.
  2. ↑ Ferrell, Linda (2000). "Liver Pathology: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis and Primary Liver Tumors. Update and Diagnostic Problems". Modern Pathology. 13 (6): 679–704. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880119. ISSN 0893-3952.
  3. ↑ Kim, Tae Kyoung; Lee, Eunchae; Jang, Hyun-Jung (2015). "Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma". Clinical and Molecular Hepatology. 21 (4): 326. doi:10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326. ISSN 2287-2728.
  4. ↑ Kim, Tae Kyoung; Lee, Eunchae; Jang, Hyun-Jung (2015). "Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma". Clinical and Molecular Hepatology. 21 (4): 326. doi:10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326. ISSN 2287-2728.
  5. ↑ Alturkistany, Samira; Jang, Hyun-Jung; Yu, Hojun; Lee, Kyoung Ho; Kim, Tae Kyoung (2011). "Fading hepatic hemangiomas on multiphasic CT". Abdominal Radiology. 37 (5): 775–780. doi:10.1007/s00261-011-9826-6. ISSN 2366-004X.
  6. ↑ Heiken, Jay P. (2007). "Distinguishing benign from malignant liver tumours". Cancer Imaging. 7 (Special Issue A): S1–S14. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9084. ISSN 1470-7330.
  7. ↑ Tamada T, Ito K, Yamamoto A, Sone T, Kanki A, Tanaka F, Higashi H (2011). "Hepatic hemangiomas: evaluation of enhancement patterns at dynamic MRI with gadoxetate disodium". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196 (4): 824–30. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.5113. PMID 21427331.
  8. ↑ Bhayana, Deepak; Kim, Tae Kyoung; Jang, Hyun-Jung; Burns, Peter N.; Wilson, Stephanie R. (2010). "Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout". American Journal of Roentgenology. 194 (4): 977–983. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3375. ISSN 0361-803X.
  9. ↑ Bhayana, Deepak; Kim, Tae Kyoung; Jang, Hyun-Jung; Burns, Peter N.; Wilson, Stephanie R. (2010). "Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout". American Journal of Roentgenology. 194 (4): 977–983. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3375. ISSN 0361-803X.
  10. ↑ Kim, Tae Kyoung; Lee, Kyoung Ho; Jang, Hyun–Jung; Haider, Masoom A.; Jacks, Lindsay M.; Menezes, Ravi J.; Park, Seong Ho; Yazdi, Leyla; Sherman, Morris; Khalili, Korosh (2011). "Analysis of Gadobenate Dimeglumine–enhanced MR Findings for Characterizing Small (1–2-cm) Hepatic Nodules in Patients at High Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Radiology. 259 (3): 730–738. doi:10.1148/radiol.11101549. ISSN 0033-8419.
  11. ↑ Kim JH, Kim TK, Kim BS, Eun HW, Kim PN, Lee MG, Ha HK (2002). "Enhancement of hepatic hemangiomas with levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography". J Ultrasound Med. 21 (2): 141–8. PMID 11833870.
  12. ↑ Brannigan, Margot; Burns, Peter N.; Wilson, Stephanie R. (2004). "Blood Flow Patterns in Focal Liver Lesions at Microbubble-enhanced US". RadioGraphics. 24 (4): 921–935. doi:10.1148/rg.244035158. ISSN 0271-5333.
  13. ↑ Menias, Christine O.; Surabhi, Venkateswar R.; Prasad, Srinivasa R.; Wang, Hanlin L.; Narra, Vamsi R.; Chintapalli, Kedar N. (2008). "Mimics of Cholangiocarcinoma: Spectrum of Disease". RadioGraphics. 28 (4): 1115–1129. doi:10.1148/rg.284075148. ISSN 0271-5333.
  14. ↑ Syed MA, Kim TK, Jang HJ (2007). "Portal and hepatic vein thrombosis in liver abscess: CT findings". Eur J Radiol. 61 (3): 513–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.11.022. PMID 17161932.
  15. ↑ Kim TK, Jang HJ, Wilson SR (2006). "Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents". Ultrasound Q. 22 (1): 31–9. PMID 16641791.
  16. ↑ Kim, Kyoung Won; Choi, Byung Ihn; Park, Seong Ho; Kim, Ah Young; Koh, Young Hwan; Lee, Hyun Ju; Han, Joon Koo (2004). "Pyogenic hepatic abscesses: distinctive features from hypovascular hepatic malignancies on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SH U 508A; early experience". Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. 30 (6): 725–733. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.006. ISSN 0301-5629.
  17. ↑ Liu GJ, Lu MD, Xie XY, Xu HX, Xu ZF, Zheng YL, Liang JY, Wang W (2008). "Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of infected focal liver lesions". J Ultrasound Med. 27 (4): 657–66. PMID 18359914.
  18. ↑ Wilson, Stephanie R.; Kim, Tae Kyoung; Jang, Hyun-Jung; Burns, Peter N. (2007). "Enhancement Patterns of Focal Liver Masses: Discordance Between Contrast-Enhanced Sonography and Contrast-Enhanced CT and MRI". American Journal of Roentgenology. 189 (1): W7–W12. doi:10.2214/AJR.06.1060. ISSN 0361-803X.
  19. ↑ Guo, Le-Hang; Xu, Hui-Xiong (2015). "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Controversy over the ASSLD Guideline". BioMed Research International. 2015: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2015/349172. ISSN 2314-6133.
  20. ↑ Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK (1998). "MRI of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma". J Magn Reson Imaging. 8 (2): 359–66. PMID 9562062.
  21. ↑ Kim, T K; Choi, B I; Han, J K; Jang, H J; Cho, S G; Han, M C (1997). "Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings". Radiology. 204 (2): 539–543. doi:10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240550. ISSN 0033-8419.


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