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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Genetics|Genetic]] studies revolutionized [[cancer]] treatment; [[Vermiform appendix|appendix]] [[cancer]] is not an exception. Traditionally appendiceal cancers were approached the same as [[colorectal cancer]]<nowiki/>s. Recent [[Genetics|genetic]] studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from [[colorectal cancer]]<nowiki/>s. Furthermore, It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ [[prognosis]]. | |||
==Future Therapies== | ==Future <nowiki/>Therapies== | ||
*Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment; appendix cancer is not an | :*[[Genetics|Genetic]] studies revolutionized [[cancer]] treatment; [[Vermiform appendix|appendix]] [[cancer]] is not an excepti<nowiki/>on. | ||
* Traditionally appendiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal | :*Traditionally appendiceal cancers were approached the same as [[colorectal cancer]]<nowiki/>s. | ||
** Presence of mutated [[TP53]] and APC genes were significantly lower in appendiceal cancers compared to colorectal | :**Recent [[Genetics|genetic]] studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from [[colorectal cancer|colorectal cance]]<nowiki/>[[colorectal cancer|r]]<nowiki/>s. <ref name="pmid22342786"></nowiki>{{cite journal| author=Levine EA, Blazer DG, Kim MK, Shen P, Stewart JH, Guy C et al.| title=Gene expression profiling of peritoneal metastases from appendiceal and colon cancer demonstrates unique biologic signatures and predicts patient outcomes. | journal=J Am Coll Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 214 | issue= 4 | pages= 599-606; discussion 606-7 | pmid=22342786 | doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.028 | pmc=3768122 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22342786 }} </ref> | ||
:**Presence of mutated [[TP53]] and [[APC]] genes were significantly <nowiki/>lower in appendiceal<nowiki/> cancers compared to [[colorectal cancer]]<nowiki/>s. | |||
:*It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ [[prognosis]]. <ref name="pmid26821970">{{cite journal| author=Levine EA, Votanopoulos KI, Qasem SA, Philip J, Cummins KA, Chou JW et al.| title=Prognostic Molecular Subtypes of Low-Grade Cancer of the Appendix. | journal=J Am Coll Surg | year= 2016 | volume= 222 | issue= 4 | pages= 493-503 | pmid=26821970 | doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.012 | pmc=4808611 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26821970 }} </ref> | |||
:** [[Mutation]]<nowiki/>s in the [[TP53]] significantly decrease life expectancy in patients with appendix cancer. | |||
:** Regardless of tumor grade, [[TP53]] mutations were associated with poorer outcomes. | |||
:** Patients with [[GNAS complex locus|GNAS]] [[mutation]]<nowiki/>s had a [[life expectancy]] of 10 years after diagnosis. | |||
:** Appendiceal [[tumor]]<nowiki/>s with [[GNAS complex locus|GNAS]] [[mutation]]<nowiki/>s rarely develop into high-grade tumors. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:09, 22 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment; appendix cancer is not an exception. Traditionally appendiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal cancers. Recent genetic studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from colorectal cancers. Furthermore, It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ prognosis.
Future Therapies
- Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment; appendix cancer is not an exception.
- Traditionally appendiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal cancers.
- Recent genetic studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from colorectal cancers. [1]
- Presence of mutated TP53 and APC genes were significantly lower in appendiceal cancers compared to colorectal cancers.
- It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ prognosis. [2]
- Mutations in the TP53 significantly decrease life expectancy in patients with appendix cancer.
- Regardless of tumor grade, TP53 mutations were associated with poorer outcomes.
- Patients with GNAS mutations had a life expectancy of 10 years after diagnosis.
- Appendiceal tumors with GNAS mutations rarely develop into high-grade tumors.
References
- ↑ </nowiki>Levine EA, Blazer DG, Kim MK, Shen P, Stewart JH, Guy C; et al. (2012). "Gene expression profiling of peritoneal metastases from appendiceal and colon cancer demonstrates unique biologic signatures and predicts patient outcomes". J Am Coll Surg. 214 (4): 599–606, discussion 606-7. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.028. PMC 3768122. PMID 22342786.
- ↑ Levine EA, Votanopoulos KI, Qasem SA, Philip J, Cummins KA, Chou JW; et al. (2016). "Prognostic Molecular Subtypes of Low-Grade Cancer of the Appendix". J Am Coll Surg. 222 (4): 493–503. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.012. PMC 4808611. PMID 26821970.