Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common physical examination findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include [[abdominal distension]] and palpable [[abdominal mass]]. Patients with severe and longstanding GIST can present with signs of abdominal [[perforation]] and | Common [[physical examination]] findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include [[abdominal distension]] and palpable [[abdominal mass]]. [[Patient|Patients]] with severe and longstanding GIST can present with [[Medical sign|signs]] of [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[perforation]] and [[peritonitis]] such as [[abdominal tenderness]], rigidity and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]]. Other findings include those from [[tumor]] [[rupture]] and [[blood]] loss such as [[low blood pressure]], [[tachycardia]], and [[dyspnea]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
[[Physical examination]] of [[Patient|patients]] with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is usually positive for [[abdominal distension]] and palpable [[abdominal mass]]. Other findings include:<ref name="pmid18193130">{{cite journal |vauthors=Szanto P, Barbus A, Al Hajjar N, Zaharia T, Manciula D |title=Gastric stromal tumor: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=J Gastrointestin Liver Dis |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=441–3 |year=2007 |pmid=18193130 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21489899">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sandvik OM, Søreide K, Kvaløy JT, Gudlaugsson E, Søreide JA |title=Epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: single-institution experience and clinical presentation over three decades |journal=Cancer Epidemiol |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=515–20 |year=2011 |pmid=21489899 |doi=10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15743318">{{cite journal |vauthors=Motegi A, Sakurai S, Nakayama H, Sano T, Oyama T, Nakajima T |title=PKC theta, a novel immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), especially useful for identifying KIT-negative tumors |journal=Pathol. Int. |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=106–12 |year=2005 |pmid=15743318 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01806.x |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with GIST usually appear | *[[Patient|Patients]] with GIST usually appear fatigued. | ||
===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
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===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*[[Jaundice]] (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST) | *[[Jaundice]] (seen in obstructive [[Duodenum|duodenal]] GIST) | ||
* [[Pallor]] (seen with abdominal bleeding) | * [[Pallor]] (seen with [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[bleeding]]) | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
* [[Icterus|Icteric sclera]] (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST) | * [[Icterus|Icteric sclera]] (seen in obstructive [[duodenal]] GIST) | ||
===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
*[[Abdominal distention]] | *[[Abdominal distention]] | ||
*Succussion splash ([[gastric outlet obstruction]] with GIST in [[pylorus]]) | *Succussion splash ([[gastric outlet obstruction]] with GIST in [[pylorus]]) | ||
*Shifting dullness ([[intraperitoneal]] rupture of large GIST with [[hemoperitoneum]]) | *[[Shifting dullness]] ([[intraperitoneal]] [[rupture]] of large GIST with [[hemoperitoneum]]) | ||
*Palpable [[abdominal mass]] (location depends upon the site of GIST) | *Palpable [[abdominal mass]] (location depends upon the site of GIST) | ||
*Severe cases may have abdominal perforation with signs of [[peritonitis]] such as: | *Severe cases may have [[abdominal]] perforation with signs of [[peritonitis]] such as: | ||
**[[Abdominal tenderness]] | **[[Abdominal tenderness]] | ||
**Rigidity | **Rigidity | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* | *[[Pitting edema]] of the lower [[extremities]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:14, 4 March 2019
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Microchapters |
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Differentiating Gastrointestinal stromal tumor from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination |
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination in the news |
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Blogs on Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Gastrointestinal stromal tumor |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass. Patients with severe and longstanding GIST can present with signs of abdominal perforation and peritonitis such as abdominal tenderness, rigidity and guarding. Other findings include those from tumor rupture and blood loss such as low blood pressure, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is usually positive for abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass. Other findings include:[1][2][3]
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with GIST usually appear fatigued.
Vital Signs
- Low-grade fever
- Hypothermia may be present
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
- Tachypnea
- Low blood pressure
Skin
HEENT
- Icteric sclera (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST)
Neck
- Lymphadenopathy (rare)
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention
- Succussion splash (gastric outlet obstruction with GIST in pylorus)
- Shifting dullness (intraperitoneal rupture of large GIST with hemoperitoneum)
- Palpable abdominal mass (location depends upon the site of GIST)
- Severe cases may have abdominal perforation with signs of peritonitis such as:
- Abdominal tenderness
- Rigidity
- Guarding
Extremities
- Pitting edema of the lower extremities
References
- ↑ Szanto P, Barbus A, Al Hajjar N, Zaharia T, Manciula D (2007). "Gastric stromal tumor: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 16 (4): 441–3. PMID 18193130.
- ↑ Sandvik OM, Søreide K, Kvaløy JT, Gudlaugsson E, Søreide JA (2011). "Epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: single-institution experience and clinical presentation over three decades". Cancer Epidemiol. 35 (6): 515–20. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.002. PMID 21489899.
- ↑ Motegi A, Sakurai S, Nakayama H, Sano T, Oyama T, Nakajima T (2005). "PKC theta, a novel immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), especially useful for identifying KIT-negative tumors". Pathol. Int. 55 (3): 106–12. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01806.x. PMID 15743318.