Acute lymphoblastic leukemia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common physical examination findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatomegaly]], [[stridor]], [[splenomegaly]], [[pallor]], [[petechiae]], [[bruising]], [[papilledema]], nuchar rigidity, [[cranial nerve palsy]] and testicular enlargement among males. | Common [[physical examination]] findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatomegaly]], [[stridor]], [[splenomegaly]], [[pallor]], [[petechiae]], [[bruising]], [[papilledema]], nuchar rigidity, [[cranial nerve palsy]] and [[testicular]] enlargement among males. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Physical examination findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include the following:<ref name="pmid25408861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Del Principe MI, Maurillo L, Buccisano F, Sconocchia G, Cefalo M, De Santis G, Di Veroli A, Ditto C, Nasso D, Postorino M, Refrigeri M, Attrotto C, Del Poeta G, Lo-Coco F, Amadori S, Venditti A |title=Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: diagnostic tools, prophylaxis, and therapy |journal=Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=e2014075 |date=2014 |pmid=25408861 |pmc=4235468 |doi=10.4084/MJHID.2014.075 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23049407">{{cite journal |vauthors=Villarreal-Martínez L, Jaime-Pérez JC, Rodríguez-Martínez M, González-Llano O, Gómez-Almaguer D |title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood presenting as aplastic anemia: report of two cases |journal=Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=165–7 |date=2012 |pmid=23049407 |pmc=3459388 |doi=10.5581/1516-8484.20120037 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20190885">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruth A, Sabio H, McLean TW, Manavi C, Palavecino EL, Shetty AK |title=Skin nodules in a 16-year-old adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia |journal=Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=e8–9 |date=2009 |pmid=20190885 |pmc=2690524 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6939473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peng LH, Keng TC, Sinniah D |title=Fever in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia |journal=Cancer |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=583–7 |date=February 1981 |pmid=6939473 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | [[Physical examination]] findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include the following:<ref name="pmid25408861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Del Principe MI, Maurillo L, Buccisano F, Sconocchia G, Cefalo M, De Santis G, Di Veroli A, Ditto C, Nasso D, Postorino M, Refrigeri M, Attrotto C, Del Poeta G, Lo-Coco F, Amadori S, Venditti A |title=Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: diagnostic tools, prophylaxis, and therapy |journal=Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=e2014075 |date=2014 |pmid=25408861 |pmc=4235468 |doi=10.4084/MJHID.2014.075 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23049407">{{cite journal |vauthors=Villarreal-Martínez L, Jaime-Pérez JC, Rodríguez-Martínez M, González-Llano O, Gómez-Almaguer D |title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood presenting as aplastic anemia: report of two cases |journal=Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=165–7 |date=2012 |pmid=23049407 |pmc=3459388 |doi=10.5581/1516-8484.20120037 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20190885">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruth A, Sabio H, McLean TW, Manavi C, Palavecino EL, Shetty AK |title=Skin nodules in a 16-year-old adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia |journal=Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=e8–9 |date=2009 |pmid=20190885 |pmc=2690524 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6939473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peng LH, Keng TC, Sinniah D |title=Fever in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia |journal=Cancer |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=583–7 |date=February 1981 |pmid=6939473 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===General Appearance=== | ===General Appearance=== | ||
*Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia usually appear weak and malnourished. | *Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia usually appear weak and malnourished. | ||
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===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] | *[[Lymphadenopathy]]<ref name="pmid30001778">{{cite journal| author=Guo D, Chen D, Chen B| title=Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with IgG4-related disease. | journal=Pharmazie | year= 2018 | volume= 73 | issue= 7 | pages= 418-421 | pmid=30001778 | doi=10.1691/ph.2018.8416 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30001778 }} </ref> | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*[[Stridor]] due the presence of mediastinal mass | *[[Stridor]] due the presence of [[mediastinal mass]] | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
*Cardiovascular examination of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually normal. | *[[Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] | *[[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
*[[Splenomegaly]] | *[[Splenomegaly]]<ref name="pmid30563523">{{cite journal| author=Barbosa TC, Lopes BA, Blunck CB, Mansur MB, Deyl AVS, Emerenciano M et al.| title=A novel PAX5 rearrangement in TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report. | journal=BMC Med Genomics | year= 2018 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 122 | pmid=30563523 | doi=10.1186/s12920-018-0444-9 | pmc=6299517 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30563523 }} </ref> | ||
===Back=== | ===Back=== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
===Neurological examination=== | ===Neurological examination=== | ||
*[[Papilledema]] | *[[Papilledema]]<ref name="pmid12095830">{{cite journal| author=Mayo GL, Carter JE, McKinnon SJ| title=Bilateral optic disk edema and blindness as initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 2002 | volume= 134 | issue= 1 | pages= 141-2 | pmid=12095830 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12095830 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Nuchal rigidity]] | *[[Nuchal rigidity]] | ||
*[[Cranial nerve palsy]] | *[[Cranial nerve palsy]] | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Testicular enlargement | *[[Testicular]] enlargement | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:12, 9 April 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, stridor, splenomegaly, pallor, petechiae, bruising, papilledema, nuchar rigidity, cranial nerve palsy and testicular enlargement among males.
Physical Examination
Physical examination findings of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include the following:[1][2][3][4]
General Appearance
- Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia usually appear weak and malnourished.
Vital Signs
Skin
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually normal.
Neck
Lungs
- Stridor due the presence of mediastinal mass
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually normal.
Abdomen
Back
- Back examination of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually normal.
Neurological examination
Genitourinary
- Testicular enlargement
References
- ↑ Del Principe MI, Maurillo L, Buccisano F, Sconocchia G, Cefalo M, De Santis G, Di Veroli A, Ditto C, Nasso D, Postorino M, Refrigeri M, Attrotto C, Del Poeta G, Lo-Coco F, Amadori S, Venditti A (2014). "Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: diagnostic tools, prophylaxis, and therapy". Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 6 (1): e2014075. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2014.075. PMC 4235468. PMID 25408861.
- ↑ Villarreal-Martínez L, Jaime-Pérez JC, Rodríguez-Martínez M, González-Llano O, Gómez-Almaguer D (2012). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood presenting as aplastic anemia: report of two cases". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 34 (2): 165–7. doi:10.5581/1516-8484.20120037. PMC 3459388. PMID 23049407.
- ↑ Ruth A, Sabio H, McLean TW, Manavi C, Palavecino EL, Shetty AK (2009). "Skin nodules in a 16-year-old adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 20 (1): e8–9. PMC 2690524. PMID 20190885.
- ↑ Peng LH, Keng TC, Sinniah D (February 1981). "Fever in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Cancer. 47 (3): 583–7. PMID 6939473.
- ↑ Koffeman, E. C.; Wulffraat, N. M.; Bruin, M.; Hogeman, P. H. G.; Frenkel, J. (2005). "Periodic fever as a presenting sign of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Rheumatology. 44 (12): 1583–1584. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kei089. ISSN 1462-0332.
- ↑ Nesheli HM, Moghaddam TG, Zahedpasha Y, Norouzi AR (2011). "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Eosinophilia and Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection". Iran J Pediatr. 21 (4): 549–52. PMC 3446142. PMID 23056848.
- ↑ Saha, A; Arora, N; Bobbity, D; Mandal, P (2019). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with isolated nephromegaly". Indian Journal of Nephrology. 0 (0): 0. doi:10.4103/ijn.IJN_145_18. ISSN 0971-4065.
- ↑ Guo D, Chen D, Chen B (2018). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with IgG4-related disease". Pharmazie. 73 (7): 418–421. doi:10.1691/ph.2018.8416. PMID 30001778.
- ↑ Barbosa TC, Lopes BA, Blunck CB, Mansur MB, Deyl AVS, Emerenciano M; et al. (2018). "A novel PAX5 rearrangement in TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report". BMC Med Genomics. 11 (1): 122. doi:10.1186/s12920-018-0444-9. PMC 6299517. PMID 30563523.
- ↑ Mayo GL, Carter JE, McKinnon SJ (2002). "Bilateral optic disk edema and blindness as initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia". Am J Ophthalmol. 134 (1): 141–2. PMID 12095830.