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==Overview==
==Overview==
On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by [[Pallor|pale]] gray to yellow [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.On [[microscopic]] [[pathology]], seminoma is characterized by the [[Cell (biology)|cells]] with fried egg appearance with clear [[cytoplasm]] and central [[nucleus]] with prominent [[nucleolus]], with interspersed [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]] and [[syncytiotrophoblast]]s. Approximately 24% of Stage I seminomas have lymphovascular invasion for stage I (Tx, N0, M0). Intertubular seminoma may not form a discrete mass and mimic a benign [[testis]]. Seminoma  is demonstrated by positivity to [[tumor marker]]s, such as [[OCT4]], [[CD117]], D2-40, and [[CD117]].


==Gross Pathology==
==Gross Pathology==
On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.<ref name=pathologyoftesticularseminoma1>Pathology of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiipaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.<ref name="pathologyoftesticularseminoma1">Pathology of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiipaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
 
===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:398px-Seminoma of the Testis GROSS PATHOLOGY.jpg|<sub>Gross specimen of testicle demonstrating a solid, white/tan mass.<ref name=pathologyofseminoma1>Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref></sub>
 
</gallery>


==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==
On microscopic pathology, seminoma is characterized by:<ref name=pathologyofseminoma1>Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
*On microscopic pathology, seminoma is characterized by:<ref name="pathologyofseminoma1">Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
*Cells with fried egg appearance - '''key feature'''
:*Cells with fried egg appearance - '''key feature'''
:*Clear cytoplasm
::*Clear cytoplasm
:*Central nucleus, with prominent nucleolus. Nucleus may have "corners", i.e. it is not round.
::*Central nucleus, with prominent nucleolus. Nucleus may have "corners", i.e. it is not round.
*Lymphoctyes - interspersed (common)
:*[[Lymphocytes]] - interspersed (common)
*[[Syncytiotrophoblast]]s, present in ~10-20% of seminoma
:*[[Syncytiotrophoblast]]s, present in 10-20% of seminoma
:*Large, irregular, vesicular nuclei
::*Large, irregular, vesicular nuclei
:*Eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm (contains [[HCG|hCG]])
::*Eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm (contains [[HCG|hCG]])
*Florid granulomatous reaction
:*Florid granulomatous reaction
*Approximately 24% of Stage I seminomas have ''lymphovascular invasion'' for stage I (Tx, N0, M0).<ref name="pathologyofseminoma1">Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
*Intertubular seminoma may not form a discrete mass and mimic a benign testis.<ref name="pathologyofseminoma1">Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
 
===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:800px-Seminoma high mag.jpg|<sub>Microscopic image of seminoma demonstrating fried egg-like cells (clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, central nucleus) and lymphocytic infiltrate.<ref name=pathologyofseminoma1>Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref></sub>
Image:800px-Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts - very high mag.jpg|<sub>Very high magnification micrograph of a seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts on H&E stain. Syncytiotrophoblasts are seen in approximately 10-20% of seminomas. They may be associated with an elevated serum beta-hCG.<ref name=pathologyofseminoma1>Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref></sub>
Image:Testicular seminoma (1) nodal metastasis.jpg|<sub>Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node on hematoxylin & eosin stain.<ref name=pathologyofseminoma1>Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref></sub>
 
</gallery>
 
==Immunohistochemistry==
Seminoma  is demonstrated by positivity to [[tumor marker]]s, such as:<ref name="IHCofseminoma1">IHC for seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
*[[OCT4]]
*[[CD117]]
*D2-40
*[[CD117]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 12:02, 17 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.On microscopic pathology, seminoma is characterized by the cells with fried egg appearance with clear cytoplasm and central nucleus with prominent nucleolus, with interspersed lymphocytes and syncytiotrophoblasts. Approximately 24% of Stage I seminomas have lymphovascular invasion for stage I (Tx, N0, M0). Intertubular seminoma may not form a discrete mass and mimic a benign testis. Seminoma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers, such as OCT4, CD117, D2-40, and CD117.

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.[1]

Gallery

  • Gross specimen of testicle demonstrating a solid, white/tan mass.[2]

    Gross specimen of testicle demonstrating a solid, white/tan mass.[2]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic pathology, seminoma is characterized by:[2]
  • Cells with fried egg appearance - key feature
  • Clear cytoplasm
  • Central nucleus, with prominent nucleolus. Nucleus may have "corners", i.e. it is not round.
  • Large, irregular, vesicular nuclei
  • Eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm (contains hCG)
  • Florid granulomatous reaction
  • Approximately 24% of Stage I seminomas have lymphovascular invasion for stage I (Tx, N0, M0).[2]
  • Intertubular seminoma may not form a discrete mass and mimic a benign testis.[2]

Gallery

  • Microscopic image of seminoma demonstrating fried egg-like cells (clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, central nucleus) and lymphocytic infiltrate.[2]

    Microscopic image of seminoma demonstrating fried egg-like cells (clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, central nucleus) and lymphocytic infiltrate.[2]

  • Very high magnification micrograph of a seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts on H&E stain. Syncytiotrophoblasts are seen in approximately 10-20% of seminomas. They may be associated with an elevated serum beta-hCG.[2]

    Very high magnification micrograph of a seminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts on H&E stain. Syncytiotrophoblasts are seen in approximately 10-20% of seminomas. They may be associated with an elevated serum beta-hCG.[2]

  • Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node on hematoxylin & eosin stain.[2]

    Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node on hematoxylin & eosin stain.[2]

Immunohistochemistry

Seminoma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers, such as:[3]

References

  1. ↑ Pathology of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiipaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 29, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016
  3. ↑ IHC for seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016

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