Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Patients with carcinoid syndrome may present with a history of flushing of the skin, abdominal cramps, [[diarrhea]], [[tricuspid insufficency]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], and [[bronchoconstriction]].
Symptoms of [[carcinoid tumor]] include [[flushing]], [[diarrhea]], [[abdominal cramps]], [[wheezing]], and [[cough]].
 
==History==
==History==
When evaluating a patient for [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]], you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated [[symptoms]], and a thorough [[past medical history]] review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:
*Review of any family history of predisposing genetic disorders such as [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] or [[neurofibromatosis type 1]].


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
Most carcinoids are asymptomatic through the natural lifetime and are discovered only upon surgery for unrelated reasons; these are called ''coincidental carcinoids''. But all carcinoids are considered to have malignant potential.
===Carcinoid Syndrome===
 
Common symptoms of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
About 10 percent of carcinoids secrete excessive levels of a range of [[hormone]]s, most notably [[serotonin]] (5-HT), causing:
* [[Flushing (physiology)|Flushing]]  
* [[Flushing (physiology)|Flushing]]  
* [[Diarrhea]]  
* [[Diarrhea]]  
* [[Wheezing]]
* [[Wheezing]]
* [[Abdominal cramps|Abdominal cramping]]   
* [[Abdominal cramps|Abdominal cramping]]   
* [[Peripheral edema]]
* [[Leg edema]]
*[[Shortness of breath]]
*[[Palpitations]]
*[[Weight gain]]
*[[Hirsutism]]
*[[Weakness]]
This constellation of [[symptoms]] is called [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] or (if [[acute]]) [[carcinoid crisis]]. Occasionally, [[hemorrhage]] or pressure effects of the [[tumor]] are the presenting [[symptoms]].
 
===Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor===
Common symptoms of [[gastrointestinal]] [[carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Facial flushing]]
*[[Rash]]
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*[[Pellagra]], which causes scale-like [[skin]] [[sores]], [[diarrhea]], and [[mental]] disturbances
*[[Melena]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[Jaundice]]
 
===Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor===
Common symptoms of duodenal [[Carcinoid tumors|carcinoid tumor]] due to [[gastrin]] overproduction include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Hemorrhage]] from multiple and recurrent [[peptic ulcers]]
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
*[[Diarrhea]] from [[hypergastrinemia]]
 
===Jejunal and Ileal Carcinoid Tumor===
Common symptoms of [[Jejunum|jejunal]] and [[Ileum|ileal]] [[Carcinoid tumors|carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*[[Small intestinal]] [[obstruction]]
 
*[[Hemorrhage]]
 
*Intermitten[[Crampy|t crampy]] [[abdominal pain]]
 
*[[Weight loss]]
 
*[[Fatigue]]
 
*[[Abdominal distention]]
 
*[[Diarrhea]]
 
*[[Nausea]]
 
*[[Vomiting]]
 
===Colorectal carcinoid Tumor===
Common symptoms of [[colorectal]] [[Carcinoid tumors|carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*[[Hemorrhage]]
 
*[[Abdominal pain]]


This constellation of symptoms is called ''carcinoid syndrome'' or (if acute) ''carcinoid crisis''. Occasionally, [[haemorrhage]] or the effects of tumour bulk are the presenting symptoms.
*[[Constipation]]


==Lung Carcinoid Tumor==
===Lung Carcinoid Tumor===
Common [[symptoms]] of [[lung]] [[Carcinoid tumors|carcinoid tumor]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*Post-obstructive [[pneumonia]]
*Post-obstructive [[pneumonia]]
*[[Wheezing]]
*[[Wheezing]]
*[[Cough]]


*[[Cough]]
===Thymic Carcinoid===
[[Thymic]] [[carcinoid]] causes [[Cushing syndrome]] as a result of [[adrenocorticotropic hormone]] secretion by the [[tumor]]. Common symptoms of [[Cushing syndrome]] include:<ref name="symptoms">Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*[[Obesity|Central obesity]]
*[[Moon face]]
*[[Diaphoresis]]
*[[Insomnia]]
*Decreased [[libido]]
*[[Impotence]]
*[[Amenorrhoea]]
*[[Infertility]]
*[[Mood disorders]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences |last=Yudofsky |first=Stuart C. |coauthors=Robert E. Hales |edition=5th |year=2007 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. |isbn=1585622397 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 16:49, 19 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Symptoms of carcinoid tumor include flushing, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, wheezing, and cough.

History

When evaluating a patient for carcinoid syndrome, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough past medical history review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:

Symptoms

Carcinoid Syndrome

Common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include:[1]

This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, hemorrhage or pressure effects of the tumor are the presenting symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor include:[1]

Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of duodenal carcinoid tumor due to gastrin overproduction include:[1]

Jejunal and Ileal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of jejunal and ileal carcinoid tumor include:[1]

Colorectal carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of colorectal carcinoid tumor include:[1]

Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of lung carcinoid tumor include:[1]

Thymic Carcinoid

Thymic carcinoid causes Cushing syndrome as a result of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by the tumor. Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
  2. ↑ Yudofsky, Stuart C. (2007). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub, Inc. ISBN 1585622397. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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