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{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
 
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Based on the location of tumor, carcinoid tumor may be classified into either [[foregut]], [[midgut]], or [[hindgut]] carcinoid tumors.
[[Gastroenteropancreatic]] [[neuroendocrine tumors]] are classified based on their origin from the [[embryonic]] divisions of the [[alimentary tract]] into [[foregut]] [[Bronchial|(bronchial]], [[stomach]]), [[midgut]] ([[small intestine]], [[appendix]], [[cecum]]) and [[hindgut]] ([[Colon|distal colon]], [[rectum]], [[genitourinary]]) [[Tumour|tumours.]]


==Classification==
==Classification==
===1. Carcinoid tumor in the gastrointestinal tract===
*[[Gastroenterology|Gastroentero]]-[[pancreatic]] [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] are classified based on their origin from the [[embryonic]] divisions of the [[alimentary tract]]:
====Based on the location in the primitive gut====
#[[Foregut]] [[Bronchial|(bronchial]], [[stomach]])
Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract can be divided into the three groups based on the hlocation in the primitive gut:
#[[Midgut]] ([[small intestine]], [[appendix]], [[cecum]])
*[[Foregut]] carcinoid tumors
#[[Hindgut]] ([[Colon|distal colon]], [[rectum]], [[genitourinary]])
*[[Midgut]] carcinoid tumors
*Gasroenteropancreatic- [[neuroendocrine tumor]] produce a number of [[Secretory component|secretory]] products, resulting in a wide range of clinica[[Symptoms|l symptoms.]]<ref name="pmid29260133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Büyükaşık K, Arı A, Tatar C, Akçe B, Sevinç MM, Sarı S, Paşaoğlu E, Bektaş H |title=Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective evaluation of 42 cases |journal=Turk J Surg |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=279–283 |date=2017 |pmid=29260133 |doi=10.5152/UCD.2017.3685 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid26911175">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies L, Weickert MO |title=Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: an overview |journal=Br J Nurs |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=S12–5 |date=2016 |pmid=26911175 |doi=10.12968/bjon.2016.25.4.S12 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21311954">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oberg K, Castellano D |title=Current knowledge on diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors |journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev. |volume=30 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=3–7 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21311954 |doi=10.1007/s10555-011-9292-1 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Hindgut]] carcinoid tumors
*[[Midgut]] [[gastrointestinal]] tract [[neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] produce [[serotonin]] and other [[vasoactive]] [[substances]] that causes the manifestations of typical [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome.]]
*[[Lung]] [[neuroendocrine tumors]] produce less quantities of [[serotonin]].
*[[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] is caused less commonly by [[lung]] [[neuroendocrine tumor]] and most often by [[tumors]] of large [[size]] (>5 cm).


===2. Carcinoid tumor in the lung===
====Based on histology====
Carcinoid tumors of the lung can be divided into the two groups based on the histology:<ref> Carcinoid tumours of the lung
. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-of-the-lung Accessed on September 22, 2015</ref>
*Typical carcinoid tumors of the lung
*Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung
====Based on location====
Carcinoid tumors of the lung can also be divided into two groups based on the loaction:
*[[Bronchial]] carcinoid tumors: central lesions
*Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors: peripheral lesions


===3. Carcinoid tumor in the ovary===
{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
Carcinoid tumors of the ovary are divided into four main types:<ref> Ovarian carcinoid tumours
{| class="wikitable"
. Radiopaedia (date). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-carcinoid-tumours Accessed on September 24, 2015</ref>
|+<big>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors</big>
*Insular type: most common and the only type that is associated with the carcinoid syndrome
!
*Trabecular type
!'''[[Foregut]]'''
*Strumal type: second commonest type
!'''[[Midgut]]'''
*Mucinous type (goblet cell 4)
!'''[[Hindgut]]'''
|-
|'''Location'''
|
* [[Stomach]]
* [[Duodenum]]
* [[Bronchus]]
* [[Thymus]]
|
* [[Jejunum]]
* [[Ileum]]
* [[Appendix]]
* [[Ascending colon]]
|
* [[Transverse colon]]
* [[Descending colon]]
* [[Sigmoid colon]]
* [[Rectum]]
* [[Genitourinary]]
|-
|'''[[Hormones]] produced'''
|
* [[5-hydroxytryptophan]]
* [[Histamine]]
* [[Multiple polypeptides]]
|
* [[Serotonin]]
* [[Prostaglandins]]
* [[Polypeptides]]
|Variable
|-
|'''Possibility of [[carcinoid]] [[syndrome]]'''
|Rare, and atypical when it occurs
|Classic
|Rare
|}


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:04, 1 May 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[2]Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Overview

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are classified based on their origin from the embryonic divisions of the alimentary tract into foregut (bronchial, stomach), midgut (small intestine, appendix, cecum) and hindgut (distal colon, rectum, genitourinary) tumours.

Classification

  1. Foregut (bronchial, stomach)
  2. Midgut (small intestine, appendix, cecum)
  3. Hindgut (distal colon, rectum, genitourinary)


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Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Foregut Midgut Hindgut
Location
Hormones produced Variable
Possibility of carcinoid syndrome Rare, and atypical when it occurs Classic Rare

References

  1. ↑ Büyükaşık K, Arı A, Tatar C, Akçe B, Sevinç MM, Sarı S, Paşaoğlu E, Bektaş H (2017). "Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective evaluation of 42 cases". Turk J Surg. 33 (4): 279–283. doi:10.5152/UCD.2017.3685. PMID 29260133.
  2. ↑ Davies L, Weickert MO (2016). "Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: an overview". Br J Nurs. 25 (4): S12–5. doi:10.12968/bjon.2016.25.4.S12. PMID 26911175.
  3. ↑ Oberg K, Castellano D (March 2011). "Current knowledge on diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors". Cancer Metastasis Rev. 30 Suppl 1: 3–7. doi:10.1007/s10555-011-9292-1. PMID 21311954.

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