Carcinoid syndrome classification: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
 
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Anum}}{{PSD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract may be classified based on the location into three subtypes ([[foregut]], [[midgut]], or [[hindgut]]). Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the histology into two subtypes (typical and atypical). Carcinoid tumor of the ovary may be classified into four subtypes (insular, trabecular, strumal, and mucinous type).<ref name=classificationovary>Ovarian carcinoid tumours. Dr Aditya Shetty and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-carcinoid-tumours</ref><ref name=classificationlung>Carcinoid tumours of the lung. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-of-the-lung</ref>
[[Gastroenteropancreatic]] [[neuroendocrine tumors]] are classified based on their origin from the [[embryonic]] divisions of the [[alimentary tract]] into [[foregut]] [[Bronchial|(bronchial]], [[stomach]]), [[midgut]] ([[small intestine]], [[appendix]], [[cecum]]) and [[hindgut]] ([[Colon|distal colon]], [[rectum]], [[genitourinary]]) [[Tumour|tumours.]]


==Classification==
==Classification==
===1. Carcinoid tumor in the gastrointestinal tract===
*[[Gastroenterology|Gastroentero]]-[[pancreatic]] [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] are classified based on their origin from the [[embryonic]] divisions of the [[alimentary tract]]:
Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract may be classified based on the tumor location in the primitive gut into three subtypes:
#[[Foregut]] [[Bronchial|(bronchial]], [[stomach]])
*[[Foregut]] carcinoid tumors
#[[Midgut]] ([[small intestine]], [[appendix]], [[cecum]])
*[[Midgut]] carcinoid tumors
#[[Hindgut]] ([[Colon|distal colon]], [[rectum]], [[genitourinary]])
*[[Hindgut]] carcinoid tumors
*Gasroenteropancreatic- [[neuroendocrine tumor]] produce a number of [[Secretory component|secretory]] products, resulting in a wide range of clinica[[Symptoms|l symptoms.]]<ref name="pmid29260133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Büyükaşık K, Arı A, Tatar C, Akçe B, Sevinç MM, Sarı S, Paşaoğlu E, Bektaş H |title=Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective evaluation of 42 cases |journal=Turk J Surg |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=279–283 |date=2017 |pmid=29260133 |doi=10.5152/UCD.2017.3685 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid26911175">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies L, Weickert MO |title=Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: an overview |journal=Br J Nurs |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=S12–5 |date=2016 |pmid=26911175 |doi=10.12968/bjon.2016.25.4.S12 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21311954">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oberg K, Castellano D |title=Current knowledge on diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors |journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev. |volume=30 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=3–7 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21311954 |doi=10.1007/s10555-011-9292-1 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Midgut]] [[gastrointestinal]] tract [[neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] produce [[serotonin]] and other [[vasoactive]] [[substances]] that causes the manifestations of typical [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome.]]
*[[Lung]] [[neuroendocrine tumors]] produce less quantities of [[serotonin]].
*[[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] is caused less commonly by [[lung]] [[neuroendocrine tumor]] and most often by [[tumors]] of large [[size]] (>5 cm).


===2. Carcinoid tumor in the lung===
====Based on the histology====
Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the histology into two subtypes:<ref name=classificationlung>Carcinoid tumours of the lung. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-of-the-lung</ref>
*Typical carcinoid tumors of the lung:
:*More common
:*Low grade / well differentiated
*Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung:
:*Less differentiated


:*More aggressive
{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
====Based on the location====
|+<big>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors</big>
Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the location into two subtypes:<ref name=classificationlung>Carcinoid tumours of the lung. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumours-of-the-lung</ref>
!
*[[Bronchial]] carcinoid tumors: central lesions
!'''[[Foregut]]'''
*Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors: peripheral lesions
!'''[[Midgut]]'''
 
!'''[[Hindgut]]'''
===3. Carcinoid tumor in the ovary===
|-
Carcinoid tumor of the ovary may be classified into four subtypes:<ref name=classificationovary>Ovarian carcinoid tumours. Dr Aditya Shetty and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-carcinoid-tumours</ref>
|'''Location'''
 
|
*Insular type (most common and and the only type that is associated with the carcinoid syndrome)
* [[Stomach]]
*Trabecular type
* [[Duodenum]]
*Strumal type(second commonest type)
* [[Bronchus]]
*Mucinous type (goblet cell)
* [[Thymus]]
|
* [[Jejunum]]
* [[Ileum]]
* [[Appendix]]
* [[Ascending colon]]
|
* [[Transverse colon]]
* [[Descending colon]]
* [[Sigmoid colon]]
* [[Rectum]]
* [[Genitourinary]]
|-
|'''[[Hormones]] produced'''
|
* [[5-hydroxytryptophan]]
* [[Histamine]]
* [[Multiple polypeptides]]
|
* [[Serotonin]]
* [[Prostaglandins]]
* [[Polypeptides]]
|Variable
|-
|'''Possibility of [[carcinoid]] [[syndrome]]'''
|Rare, and atypical when it occurs
|Classic
|Rare
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
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Latest revision as of 20:04, 1 May 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[2]Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Overview

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are classified based on their origin from the embryonic divisions of the alimentary tract into foregut (bronchial, stomach), midgut (small intestine, appendix, cecum) and hindgut (distal colon, rectum, genitourinary) tumours.

Classification

  1. Foregut (bronchial, stomach)
  2. Midgut (small intestine, appendix, cecum)
  3. Hindgut (distal colon, rectum, genitourinary)


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Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Foregut Midgut Hindgut
Location
Hormones produced Variable
Possibility of carcinoid syndrome Rare, and atypical when it occurs Classic Rare

References

  1. ↑ Büyükaşık K, Arı A, Tatar C, Akçe B, Sevinç MM, Sarı S, Paşaoğlu E, Bektaş H (2017). "Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective evaluation of 42 cases". Turk J Surg. 33 (4): 279–283. doi:10.5152/UCD.2017.3685. PMID 29260133.
  2. ↑ Davies L, Weickert MO (2016). "Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: an overview". Br J Nurs. 25 (4): S12–5. doi:10.12968/bjon.2016.25.4.S12. PMID 26911175.
  3. ↑ Oberg K, Castellano D (March 2011). "Current knowledge on diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors". Cancer Metastasis Rev. 30 Suppl 1: 3–7. doi:10.1007/s10555-011-9292-1. PMID 21311954.

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