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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The [[Thymus|thymic]] [[Epithelium|epithelial]] [[tumor]] [[Cancer staging|staging]] system was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978, modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979, and further developed by Masaoka et al. in 1981.
Thymomas are developed from the thymic epithelium which has been considered to have a dual origin. However, a growing body of evidence supports that the diverse thymic microenvironment originates from endodermal progenitor cells.
 
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
 
*[[Staging]] of thymic epithelial tumors was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978.<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi =  | PMID = 626543 }}</ref>
It has been believed that thymic epithelium is derived from both [[ectoderm]]al and [[endoderm]]al stem cells. Recent evidence indicates that epithelial populations originate from a common progenitor of endodermal origin. This concept does not exclude the occurrence of more differentiated “committed stem cells” with medullary, cortical or other phenotypes.<ref name="Blackburn-2002">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Blackburn | first1 = CC. | last2 = Manley | first2 = NR. | last3 = Palmer | first3 = DB. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = RL. | last5 = Anderson | first5 = G. | last6 = Ritter | first6 = MA. | title = One for all and all for one: thymic epithelial stem cells and regeneration. | journal = Trends Immunol | volume = 23 | issue = 8 | pages = 391-5 | month = Aug | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12133801 }}</ref><ref name="Gill-2002">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gill | first1 = J. | last2 = Malin | first2 = M. | last3 = Holländer | first3 = GA. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = R. | title = Generation of a complete thymic microenvironment by MTS24(+) thymic epithelial cells. | journal = Nat Immunol | volume = 3 | issue = 7 | pages = 635-42 | month = Jul | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1038/ni812 | PMID = 12068292 }}</ref>
*[[Cancer staging|Staging]] of thymic epithelial tumors was modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979.<ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi =  | PMID = 485626 }}</ref>
* It went through further development by Masaoka et al. in 1981.<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi =  | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref><ref name="Kondo-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kondo | first1 = K. | title = Invited commentary. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 2000-1 | month = Dec | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053 | PMID = 16305832 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 20:05, 8 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

The thymic epithelial tumor staging system was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978, modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979, and further developed by Masaoka et al. in 1981.

Historical Perspective

  • Staging of thymic epithelial tumors was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978.[1]
  • Staging of thymic epithelial tumors was modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979.[2]
  • It went through further development by Masaoka et al. in 1981.[3][4]

References

  1. Bergh, NP.; Gatzinsky, P.; Larsson, S.; Lundin, P.; Ridell, B. (1978). "Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas". Ann Thorac Surg. 25 (2): 91–8. PMID 626543. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Wilkins, EW.; Castleman, B. (1979). "Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital". Ann Thorac Surg. 28 (3): 252–6. PMID 485626. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Masaoka, A.; Monden, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Tanioka, T. (1981). "Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages". Cancer. 48 (11): 2485–92. PMID 7296496. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Kondo, K. (2005). "Invited commentary". Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (6): 2000–1. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053. PMID 16305832. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)