Hepatopulmonary syndrome x ray: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==


There are no x-ray findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Although, chest x-ray studies are frequently nonspecific and subtle. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of hepatopulmonary syndrome include mild interstitial pattern in the bilateral, lower lung fields due to the pulmonary vascular dilatation that might be misinterpreted as interstitial lung disease. We should keep in mind that chest x-ray is often unremarkable in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, and hence a normal radiograph does not rule out hepatopulmonary syndrome.


OR
==X Ray==


An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of hepatopulmonary syndrome include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Although, chest x-ray studies are frequently nonspecific and subtle. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of hepatopulmonary syndrome include:
 
OR
 
There are no x-ray findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of hepatopulmonary syndrome, which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 
==X Ray==


There are no x-ray findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
<br />


OR
*Mild interstitial pattern in the bilateral, lower lung fields due to the pulmonary vascular dilatation that might be misinterpreted as interstitial lung disease.


An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of hepatopulmonary syndrome include:
*'''We should keep in mind that chest x-ray is often unremarkable in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, and hence a a normal radiograph does not rule out hepatopulmonary syndrome.'''<ref name="pmid18509123">Rodríguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ (2008) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18509123 Hepatopulmonary syndrome--a liver-induced lung vascular disorder.] ''N Engl J Med'' 358 (22):2378-87. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0707185 DOI:10.1056/NEJMra0707185] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/18509123 18509123]</ref>
*[Finding 1]
<ref name="pmid11003635">Fallon MB, Abrams GA (2000) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11003635 Pulmonary dysfunction in chronic liver disease.] ''Hepatology'' 32 (4 Pt 1):859-65. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2000.7519 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2000.7519] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/11003635 11003635]</ref>
*[Finding 2]
<ref name="pmid14762853">Krowka MJ, Mandell MS, Ramsay MA, Kawut SM, Fallon MB, Manzarbeitia C et al. (2004) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14762853 Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: a report of the multicenter liver transplant database.] ''Liver Transpl'' 10 (2):174-82. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.20016 DOI:10.1002/lt.20016] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/14762853 14762853]</ref>
*[Finding 3]


OR
<ref name="pmid891282">Kennedy TC, Knudson RJ (1977) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=891282 Exercise-aggravated hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in cirrhosis.] ''Chest'' 72 (3):305-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.72.3.305 DOI:10.1378/chest.72.3.305] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/891282 891282]</ref>
<ref name="pmid27326810">Krowka MJ, Fallon MB, Kawut SM, Fuhrmann V, Heimbach JK, Ramsay MA et al. (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27326810 International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension.] ''Transplantation'' 100 (7):1440-52. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000001229 DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000001229] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/27326810 27326810]</ref>


There are no x-ray findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of hepatopulmonary syndrome, which include:
*[Complication 1]
*[Complication 2]
*[Complication 3]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Gastroentrology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 18:01, 6 September 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Overview

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Although, chest x-ray studies are frequently nonspecific and subtle. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of hepatopulmonary syndrome include mild interstitial pattern in the bilateral, lower lung fields due to the pulmonary vascular dilatation that might be misinterpreted as interstitial lung disease. We should keep in mind that chest x-ray is often unremarkable in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, and hence a normal radiograph does not rule out hepatopulmonary syndrome.

X Ray

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Although, chest x-ray studies are frequently nonspecific and subtle. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of hepatopulmonary syndrome include:


  • Mild interstitial pattern in the bilateral, lower lung fields due to the pulmonary vascular dilatation that might be misinterpreted as interstitial lung disease.
  • We should keep in mind that chest x-ray is often unremarkable in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, and hence a a normal radiograph does not rule out hepatopulmonary syndrome.[1]

[2] [3]

[4] [5]


References

  1. ↑ Rodríguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ (2008) Hepatopulmonary syndrome--a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med 358 (22):2378-87. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra0707185 PMID: 18509123
  2. ↑ Fallon MB, Abrams GA (2000) Pulmonary dysfunction in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 32 (4 Pt 1):859-65. DOI:10.1053/jhep.2000.7519 PMID: 11003635
  3. ↑ Krowka MJ, Mandell MS, Ramsay MA, Kawut SM, Fallon MB, Manzarbeitia C et al. (2004) Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: a report of the multicenter liver transplant database. Liver Transpl 10 (2):174-82. DOI:10.1002/lt.20016 PMID: 14762853
  4. ↑ Kennedy TC, Knudson RJ (1977) Exercise-aggravated hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in cirrhosis. Chest 72 (3):305-9. DOI:10.1378/chest.72.3.305 PMID: 891282
  5. ↑ Krowka MJ, Fallon MB, Kawut SM, Fuhrmann V, Heimbach JK, Ramsay MA et al. (2016) International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension. Transplantation 100 (7):1440-52. DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000001229 PMID: 27326810

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