|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| *The cause of germ cell tumor is not understood fully but there are many risk factors that believed to play a role in the development of germ cell tumors.
| |
|
| |
|
| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Germ cell tumor}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|causes}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|General Causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|Dysgerminoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|Seminoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Common causes
| |
|
| |
| *[[Cryptorchidism]]
| |
| * Undescended testis
| |
| * Abdominal testis
| |
| * Trauma
| |
| * Mumps
| |
| * Maternal estrogen exposure
| |
| * Genetic Causes
| |
| * Seminoma is caused by a mutation in the KIT gene.
| |
| * 12p11.2-p12.1 chromosomal amplifications and deletions observed in majority of cases.
| |
|
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|Embryonal cell carcinoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|Choriocarcinoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Abnormal [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] population undergoing [[hyperplasia]] and [[anaplasia]] can give rise to [[choriocarcinoma]].
| |
| * [[Gestation|Gestational]] type arises following a [[hydatidiform mole]], normal [[pregnancy]], or most commonly, abortion.
| |
| * Non-[[Gestation|gestational]] type arises from [[Pluripotency|pluripotent]] [[Germ cell|germ cells]].
| |
|
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1|Yolk sac tumor
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| The etiology of yolk sac tumors (YSTs) is essentially unknown. It is speculated that hypermethylation of the RUNX3 gene promoter and overexpression of GATA-4, a transcription factor that regulates differentiation and function of yolk sac endoderm, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of yolk sac tumors (YSTs)
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist}}
| |