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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SM}} {{VKG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SM}}, {{VKG}} | ||
{{Ameloblastoma}} | {{Ameloblastoma}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
On gross [[pathology]], the characteristic findings of [[ameloblastoma]] may include [[solid]] and [[cystic]], multicystic and [[intraosseous]] or extraosseous, or rarely unicystic.On microscopic histopathological analysis, stellate reticulum, giant cells, subepithelial hyalinization, and columnar [[Basal cell|basal]] cells in palisading arrangement with vacuolated [[cytoplasm]] are characteristic findings of [[ameloblastoma]]. The exact [[pathophysiology]] of [[ameloblastoma]] is not fully understood. It is thought that [[ameloblastoma]] is the result of either suppression of matrix [[metalloproteinase]]-2 that may inhibit the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]], or there is also some research suggesting that α5β1 [[integrin]] may participate in the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]]. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma include ''[[BRAF]] V600E''. | [[Ameloblastoma]] arise from remnants of ameloblast or [[dental lamina]], dentigerous cysts, or basal layer of oral [[mucosa]]. There is evidence that suppression of matrix [[metalloproteinase]]-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]]. On gross [[pathology]], the characteristic findings of [[ameloblastoma]] may include [[solid]] and [[cystic]], multicystic and [[intraosseous]] or extraosseous, or rarely unicystic. On microscopic histopathological analysis, stellate reticulum, [[giant cells]], subepithelial hyalinization, and columnar [[Basal cell|basal]] cells in palisading arrangement with vacuolated [[cytoplasm]] are characteristic findings of [[ameloblastoma]]. The exact [[pathophysiology]] of [[ameloblastoma]] is not fully understood. It is thought that [[ameloblastoma]] is the result of either suppression of matrix [[metalloproteinase]]-2 that may inhibit the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]], or there is also some research suggesting that α5β1 [[integrin]] may participate in the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]]. [[Genes of the liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract|Genes]] involved in the [[pathogenesis]] of ameloblastoma include ''[[BRAF]] V600E''. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
* [[Ameloblastoma]] arise from remnants of ameloblast or dental lamina, dentigerous cysts, or basal layer of oral mucosa.<ref name="wiki">Ameloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015</ref><ref name="librepathology">Ameloblastoma. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015</ref><ref name="pmid4115148">{{cite journal| author=Pandya NJ, Stuteville OH| title=Treatment of ameloblastoma. | journal=Plast Reconstr Surg | year= 1972 | volume= 50 | issue= 3 | pages= 242-8 | pmid=4115148 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4115148 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26015700">{{cite journal |vauthors=Masthan KM, Anitha N, Krupaa J, Manikkam S |title=Ameloblastoma |journal=J Pharm Bioallied Sci |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S167–70 |date=April 2015 |pmid=26015700 |pmc=4439660 |doi=10.4103/0975-7406.155891 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17170964">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brazis PW, Miller NR, Lee AG, Holliday MJ |title=Neuro-ophthalmologic Aspects of Ameloblastoma |journal=Skull Base Surg |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=233–44 |date=1995 |pmid=17170964 |pmc=1656531 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Ameloblastoma]] arise from remnants of ameloblast or [[dental lamina]], dentigerous cysts, or basal layer of [[oral mucosa]].<ref name="wiki">Ameloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015</ref><ref name="librepathology">Ameloblastoma. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015</ref><ref name="pmid4115148">{{cite journal| author=Pandya NJ, Stuteville OH| title=Treatment of ameloblastoma. | journal=Plast Reconstr Surg | year= 1972 | volume= 50 | issue= 3 | pages= 242-8 | pmid=4115148 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4115148 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26015700">{{cite journal |vauthors=Masthan KM, Anitha N, Krupaa J, Manikkam S |title=Ameloblastoma |journal=J Pharm Bioallied Sci |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S167–70 |date=April 2015 |pmid=26015700 |pmc=4439660 |doi=10.4103/0975-7406.155891 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17170964">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brazis PW, Miller NR, Lee AG, Holliday MJ |title=Neuro-ophthalmologic Aspects of Ameloblastoma |journal=Skull Base Surg |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=233–44 |date=1995 |pmid=17170964 |pmc=1656531 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ameloblasts]], which are part of the odontogenic [[epithelium]], are responsible for [[enamel]] production and eventual crown formation. | * [[Ameloblasts]], which are part of the odontogenic [[epithelium]], are responsible for [[enamel]] production and eventual crown formation. | ||
* There is evidence that suppression of matrix [[metalloproteinase]]-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]], however, this was only demonstrated in vitro. | * There is evidence that suppression of matrix [[metalloproteinase]]-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of [[ameloblastoma]], however, this was only demonstrated in vitro. | ||
* There is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of ameloblastomas. | * There is also some research suggesting that α5β1 [[integrin]] may participate in the local invasiveness of ameloblastomas. | ||
* The [[ameloblastoma]] is an ectodermal [[odontogenic]] tumor of the [[jaw]] which apparently originates from the Malassez rests in the [[periodontium]], from the gingival [[epithelium]], from the enamel organs, or from ordinary dental cysts (dentigerous cysts, follicular cysts, or radicular cysts). | * The [[ameloblastoma]] is an ectodermal [[odontogenic]] tumor of the [[jaw]] which apparently originates from the Malassez rests in the [[periodontium]], from the [[Gingiva|gingival]] [[epithelium]], from the enamel organs, or from ordinary dental cysts (dentigerous cysts, follicular cysts, or radicular cysts). | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
Genes involved in the [[pathogenesis]] of ameloblastoma include: | |||
* [[BRAF]] V600E <ref name="McClaryWest20152">{{cite journal|last1=McClary|first1=Andrew C.|last2=West|first2=Robert B.|last3=McClary|first3=Ashley C.|last4=Pollack|first4=Jonathan R.|last5=Fischbein|first5=Nancy J.|last6=Holsinger|first6=Christopher F.|last7=Sunwoo|first7=John|last8=Colevas|first8=A. Dimitrios|last9=Sirjani|first9=Davud|title=Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|volume=273|issue=7|year=2015|pages=1649–1661|issn=0937-4477|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8}}</ref> | |||
==Gross Pathology== | ==Gross Pathology== | ||
On gross pathology the following are the characteristic findings of ameloblastoma:<ref name="pmid18091060">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mendenhall WM, Werning JW, Fernandes R, Malyapa RS, Mendenhall NP |title=Ameloblastoma |journal=Am. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=645–8 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18091060 |doi=10.1097/COC.0b013e3181573e59 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17102048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunfee BL, Sakai O, Pistey R, Gohel A |title=Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of benign and malignant lesions of the mandible |journal=Radiographics |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1751–68 |date=2006 |pmid=17102048 |doi=10.1148/rg.266055189 |url=}}</ref><ref name="McClaryWest2015">{{cite journal|last1=McClary|first1=Andrew C.|last2=West|first2=Robert B.|last3=McClary|first3=Ashley C.|last4=Pollack|first4=Jonathan R.|last5=Fischbein|first5=Nancy J.|last6=Holsinger|first6=Christopher F.|last7=Sunwoo|first7=John|last8=Colevas|first8=A. Dimitrios|last9=Sirjani|first9=Davud|title=Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|volume=273|issue=7|year=2015|pages=1649–1661|issn=0937-4477|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8}}</ref> | On gross [[pathology]] the following are the characteristic findings of ameloblastoma:<ref name="pmid18091060">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mendenhall WM, Werning JW, Fernandes R, Malyapa RS, Mendenhall NP |title=Ameloblastoma |journal=Am. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=645–8 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18091060 |doi=10.1097/COC.0b013e3181573e59 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17102048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunfee BL, Sakai O, Pistey R, Gohel A |title=Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of benign and malignant lesions of the mandible |journal=Radiographics |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1751–68 |date=2006 |pmid=17102048 |doi=10.1148/rg.266055189 |url=}}</ref><ref name="McClaryWest2015">{{cite journal|last1=McClary|first1=Andrew C.|last2=West|first2=Robert B.|last3=McClary|first3=Ashley C.|last4=Pollack|first4=Jonathan R.|last5=Fischbein|first5=Nancy J.|last6=Holsinger|first6=Christopher F.|last7=Sunwoo|first7=John|last8=Colevas|first8=A. Dimitrios|last9=Sirjani|first9=Davud|title=Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|volume=273|issue=7|year=2015|pages=1649–1661|issn=0937-4477|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8}}</ref> | ||
*Solid and [[cystic]] | *Solid and [[cystic]] | ||
*Multicystic and [[intraosseous]] or extraosseous | *Multicystic and [[intraosseous]] or extraosseous | ||
*Rarely may be unicystic | *Rarely may be unicystic | ||
==Microscopic Pathology== | ==Microscopic Pathology== | ||
*Stellate reticulum - star-shaped cells, found in a developing tooth<ref name="pmid6697311">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gardner DG, Corio RL |title=Plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma. A variant of ameloblastoma with a low-recurrence rate after enucleation |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1730–5 |date=April 1984 |pmid=6697311 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="McClaryWest20153">{{cite journal|last1=McClary|first1=Andrew C.|last2=West|first2=Robert B.|last3=McClary|first3=Ashley C.|last4=Pollack|first4=Jonathan R.|last5=Fischbein|first5=Nancy J.|last6=Holsinger|first6=Christopher F.|last7=Sunwoo|first7=John|last8=Colevas|first8=A. Dimitrios|last9=Sirjani|first9=Davud|title=Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|volume=273|issue=7|year=2015|pages=1649–1661|issn=0937-4477|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8}}</ref> | On microscopic examination, the following characteristic findings of ameloblastoma are present: | ||
*[[Stellate reticulum]] - star-shaped cells, found in a developing [[tooth]]<ref name="pmid6697311">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gardner DG, Corio RL |title=Plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma. A variant of ameloblastoma with a low-recurrence rate after enucleation |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1730–5 |date=April 1984 |pmid=6697311 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="McClaryWest20153">{{cite journal|last1=McClary|first1=Andrew C.|last2=West|first2=Robert B.|last3=McClary|first3=Ashley C.|last4=Pollack|first4=Jonathan R.|last5=Fischbein|first5=Nancy J.|last6=Holsinger|first6=Christopher F.|last7=Sunwoo|first7=John|last8=Colevas|first8=A. Dimitrios|last9=Sirjani|first9=Davud|title=Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|volume=273|issue=7|year=2015|pages=1649–1661|issn=0937-4477|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8}}</ref> | |||
*[[Giant cells]] may or may not be present | *[[Giant cells]] may or may not be present | ||
*Subepithelial hyalinization may or may not be present | *Subepithelial hyalinization may or may not be present | ||
| Line 40: | Line 42: | ||
**[[Intraosseous]] (follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, multicystic, unicystic, [[granular cell]] [lysosomes by EM], [[basal cell]], desmoplastic) | **[[Intraosseous]] (follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, multicystic, unicystic, [[granular cell]] [lysosomes by EM], [[basal cell]], desmoplastic) | ||
**Extraosseous (follicular, plexiform, basal cell) | **Extraosseous (follicular, plexiform, basal cell) | ||
The image shows the characteristic features:<ref name="Gruica">{{cite journal | |||
|title=Ameloblastoma of the follicular, plexiform, and acanthomatous type in the maxillary sinus: a case report. | |title=Ameloblastoma of the follicular, plexiform, and acanthomatous type in the maxillary sinus: a case report. | ||
|author=Gruica B, Stauffer E, Buser D, Bornstein M. | |author=Gruica B, Stauffer E, Buser D, Bornstein M. | ||
| Line 50: | Line 52: | ||
|pages=311–4 | |pages=311–4 | ||
|pmid=12731620}}</ref> | |pmid=12731620}}</ref> | ||
* Islands of [[cells]] with palisaded [[nuclei]] that have reverse polarization. | * Islands of [[cells]] with palisaded [[nuclei]] that have reverse polarization. | ||
* Reverse polarization of nuclei : [[nuclei]] distant from the [[basement membrane]]/nuclei at pole opposite of basement membrane | * Reverse polarization of nuclei : [[nuclei]] distant from the [[basement membrane]]/nuclei at pole opposite of [[basement membrane]] | ||
* Palisaded nuclei :picket fence appearance; columnar-shaped nuclei with long axis perpendicular to the basement membrane | * Palisaded nuclei: picket fence appearance; columnar-shaped nuclei with long axis perpendicular to the [[basement membrane]] | ||
* Subnuclear vacuolation in palisading cell - vacuoles at the basement membrane aspect | * Subnuclear vacuolation in palisading cell - vacuoles at the [[basement membrane]] aspect | ||
* Loose [[stroma]] around the islands of cells | * Loose [[stroma]] around the islands of cells | ||
* Star-like cells at the centre of the islands of cells (stellate reticulum) | * Star-like cells at the centre of the islands of cells (stellate reticulum) | ||
====Video==== | ====Video==== | ||
{{#ev:youtube|VW5aSalmyF0}} | {{#ev:youtube|VW5aSalmyF0}} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:03, 29 October 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivali Marketkar, M.B.B.S. [2], Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [3]
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Ameloblastoma Microchapters |
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Case Studies |
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Ameloblastoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ameloblastoma pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ameloblastoma pathophysiology |
Overview
Ameloblastoma arise from remnants of ameloblast or dental lamina, dentigerous cysts, or basal layer of oral mucosa. There is evidence that suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma. On gross pathology, the characteristic findings of ameloblastoma may include solid and cystic, multicystic and intraosseous or extraosseous, or rarely unicystic. On microscopic histopathological analysis, stellate reticulum, giant cells, subepithelial hyalinization, and columnar basal cells in palisading arrangement with vacuolated cytoplasm are characteristic findings of ameloblastoma. The exact pathophysiology of ameloblastoma is not fully understood. It is thought that ameloblastoma is the result of either suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 that may inhibit the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma, or there is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma include BRAF V600E.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Ameloblastoma arise from remnants of ameloblast or dental lamina, dentigerous cysts, or basal layer of oral mucosa.[1][2][3][4][5]
- Ameloblasts, which are part of the odontogenic epithelium, are responsible for enamel production and eventual crown formation.
- There is evidence that suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 may inhibit the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma, however, this was only demonstrated in vitro.
- There is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of ameloblastomas.
- The ameloblastoma is an ectodermal odontogenic tumor of the jaw which apparently originates from the Malassez rests in the periodontium, from the gingival epithelium, from the enamel organs, or from ordinary dental cysts (dentigerous cysts, follicular cysts, or radicular cysts).
Genetics
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma include:
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology the following are the characteristic findings of ameloblastoma:[7][8][9]
- Solid and cystic
- Multicystic and intraosseous or extraosseous
- Rarely may be unicystic
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic examination, the following characteristic findings of ameloblastoma are present:
- Stellate reticulum - star-shaped cells, found in a developing tooth[10][11]
- Giant cells may or may not be present
- Subepithelial hyalinization may or may not be present
- Seen deep to the basement membrane
- Suprabasal cells loosely textured and noncohesive, resembling stellate reticulum
- The plexiform type has epithelium that proliferates in a "Fish Net Pattern"
- The follicular type will have outer arrangement of columnar or palisaded ameloblast like cells and inner zone of triangular shaped cells resembling stellate reticulum in bell stage. The central cells sometimes degenerate to form central microcysts
- No enamel or dentin formation
- Tall columnar cells
- Palisaded nuclei with reverse polarization
- Reverse polarization of nuclei = nuclei distant from the basement membrane/nuclei at pole opposite of basement membrane
- Palisaded nuclei = picket fence appearance; columnar-shaped nuclei with long axis perpendicular to the basement membrane (key feature)
- Subnuclear vacuolation
- Palisaded nuclei with reverse polarization
- The following are the different histopathological variants of ameloblastoma:[2][1]
- Intraosseous (follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, multicystic, unicystic, granular cell [lysosomes by EM], basal cell, desmoplastic)
- Extraosseous (follicular, plexiform, basal cell)
The image shows the characteristic features:[12]
- Islands of cells with palisaded nuclei that have reverse polarization.
- Reverse polarization of nuclei : nuclei distant from the basement membrane/nuclei at pole opposite of basement membrane
- Palisaded nuclei: picket fence appearance; columnar-shaped nuclei with long axis perpendicular to the basement membrane
- Subnuclear vacuolation in palisading cell - vacuoles at the basement membrane aspect
- Loose stroma around the islands of cells
- Star-like cells at the centre of the islands of cells (stellate reticulum)
Video
{{#ev:youtube|VW5aSalmyF0}}
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ameloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ameloblastoma. Libre pathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Ameloblastoma Accessed on December 25, 2015
- ↑ Pandya NJ, Stuteville OH (1972). "Treatment of ameloblastoma". Plast Reconstr Surg. 50 (3): 242–8. PMID 4115148.
- ↑ Masthan KM, Anitha N, Krupaa J, Manikkam S (April 2015). "Ameloblastoma". J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 7 (Suppl 1): S167–70. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.155891. PMC 4439660. PMID 26015700.
- ↑ Brazis PW, Miller NR, Lee AG, Holliday MJ (1995). "Neuro-ophthalmologic Aspects of Ameloblastoma". Skull Base Surg. 5 (4): 233–44. PMC 1656531. PMID 17170964.
- ↑ McClary, Andrew C.; West, Robert B.; McClary, Ashley C.; Pollack, Jonathan R.; Fischbein, Nancy J.; Holsinger, Christopher F.; Sunwoo, John; Colevas, A. Dimitrios; Sirjani, Davud (2015). "Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management". European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273 (7): 1649–1661. doi:10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8. ISSN 0937-4477.
- ↑ Mendenhall WM, Werning JW, Fernandes R, Malyapa RS, Mendenhall NP (December 2007). "Ameloblastoma". Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 30 (6): 645–8. doi:10.1097/COC.0b013e3181573e59. PMID 18091060.
- ↑ Dunfee BL, Sakai O, Pistey R, Gohel A (2006). "Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of benign and malignant lesions of the mandible". Radiographics. 26 (6): 1751–68. doi:10.1148/rg.266055189. PMID 17102048.
- ↑ McClary, Andrew C.; West, Robert B.; McClary, Ashley C.; Pollack, Jonathan R.; Fischbein, Nancy J.; Holsinger, Christopher F.; Sunwoo, John; Colevas, A. Dimitrios; Sirjani, Davud (2015). "Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management". European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273 (7): 1649–1661. doi:10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8. ISSN 0937-4477.
- ↑ Gardner DG, Corio RL (April 1984). "Plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma. A variant of ameloblastoma with a low-recurrence rate after enucleation". Cancer. 53 (8): 1730–5. PMID 6697311.
- ↑ McClary, Andrew C.; West, Robert B.; McClary, Ashley C.; Pollack, Jonathan R.; Fischbein, Nancy J.; Holsinger, Christopher F.; Sunwoo, John; Colevas, A. Dimitrios; Sirjani, Davud (2015). "Ameloblastoma: a clinical review and trends in management". European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273 (7): 1649–1661. doi:10.1007/s00405-015-3631-8. ISSN 0937-4477.
- ↑ Gruica B, Stauffer E, Buser D, Bornstein M. (2003). "Ameloblastoma of the follicular, plexiform, and acanthomatous type in the maxillary sinus: a case report". Quintessence International. 34 (4): 311–4. PMID 12731620. Unknown parameter
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