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{{Mitral regurgitation}}
{{Mitral regurgitation}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S.; [[Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan]], M.B.B.S.
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S., [[Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan]], M.B.B.S., {{Rim}}


==Epidemiology and demographics==
==Overview==
The incidence of mitral regurgitation is approximately 2% of the population. Mitral regurgitation affects both males and females equally.<ref>[http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/mitral-valve-disease/ The Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Education > Mitral Valve Disease: Stenosis and Regurgitation] Authors: Ronan J. Curtin and Brian P. Griffin. Retrieved September 2010</ref> Mitral regurgitation is one of the two most common valvular heart disease in the elderly, and is the most common form of valvular insufficiency.<ref name=uptodate>[http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~PxxZxAzdJkaEgaZ Valvular heart disease in elderly adults] Authors: Dania Mohty, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano. Section Editors:Catherine M Otto, Kenneth E Schmader. Deputy Editor: Susan B Yeon. This topic last updated: April 20, 2007. Last literature review version 18.2: May 2010</ref> Among patients over the age of 55, 20% will have mitral regurgitation. The most common cause in the developed world is [[mitral valve prolapse]] and in the developing world is [[rheumatic heart disease]].
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common [[valvular disease]]s in the general population, ranking first among valvular regurgitation abnormailities. The prevalence of MR of a severity equal to or more than mild was reported in The Framingham Heart Study as 19.0% in men and 19.1% in women.  The prevalence of MR increases with age.
 
==Prevalence==
 
* The Framingham Heart Study, a prospective epidemiologic study, evaluated the [[prevalence]] and severity of MR and other valvular diseases by color [[Doppler]] examinations in 1,696 men and 1,893 women.
* The study revealed that MR is the most common valvular regurgitation in the general population, followed by [[tricuspid regurgitation]] and then [[aortic regurgitation]].
* The prevalence of MR (with a severity ranging from trace to ≥ moderate regurgitation) was 87.7% in men and 91.5% in women.
* When trace regurgitation is excluded, the prevalence of MR of a severity ≥ mild was 19.0% in men and 19.1% in women.
* The elevated prevalence of trace regurgitation can be a normal finding related to an artifact or an anatomic characteristic of the closure of the [[mitral valve]].<ref name="pmid10190406">{{cite journal| author=Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL et al.| title=Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study) | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1999 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 897-902 | pmid=10190406 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10190406  }} </ref><ref name="pmid101904062">{{cite journal| author=Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL et al.| title=Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study) | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1999 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 897-902 | pmid=10190406 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10190406  }}</ref>
 
==Age==
 
* The prevalence of MR increases with age. MR is one of the most common valvular heart disease in the elderly.
* Shown below are tables depicting the prevalence of MR by age and severity in men and women according the results of the Framingham Heart Study.<ref name="pmid10190406">{{cite journal| author=Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL et al.| title=Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study) | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1999 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 897-902 | pmid=10190406 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10190406  }} </ref>
 
{|
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''Severity of MR''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center colspan= 5|'''Prevalence of MR by age in men'''
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''26-29''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''40-49''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''50-59''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''60-69''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''70-83'''
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''No MR (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |14.4 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |13.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |11.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |12.7 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |9.0
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''Trace (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |76.7 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |72.9 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |74.6 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |60.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |51.7
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''Mild (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |8.9 ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | 13.5 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |12.5 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |24.6 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |28.1
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''Moderate or severe (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |0 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |0.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |1.6 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |2.4 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |11.2
|}
 
 
 
{|
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''Severity of MR''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center colspan=5|'''Prevalence of MR by age in women'''
|-
|style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center|  || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''26-29''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''40-49''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''50-59''' ||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center | '''60-69''' || style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''70-83'''
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''No MR (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |14.0 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |8.6 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |9.0 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |7.2 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |5.6
|-
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left | '''Trace (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |76.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |75 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |74 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |66.5  || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |70.8
|-
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |'''Mild (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |9.7 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |15.5 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |16 ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |24 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |23.6
|-
| style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |'''Moderate or severe (%)''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |0 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |0.9 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |1 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |2.3 || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=left |0
|}
 
==Gender==
 
* Overall, mitral regurgitation affects both males and females equally. However, there are some minor differences when age is considered.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Valvular heart disease]]
[[Category:Valvular heart disease]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:DiseaseState]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]


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Latest revision as of 15:59, 18 December 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S., Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S., Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valvular diseases in the general population, ranking first among valvular regurgitation abnormailities. The prevalence of MR of a severity equal to or more than mild was reported in The Framingham Heart Study as 19.0% in men and 19.1% in women. The prevalence of MR increases with age.

Prevalence

  • The Framingham Heart Study, a prospective epidemiologic study, evaluated the prevalence and severity of MR and other valvular diseases by color Doppler examinations in 1,696 men and 1,893 women.
  • The study revealed that MR is the most common valvular regurgitation in the general population, followed by tricuspid regurgitation and then aortic regurgitation.
  • The prevalence of MR (with a severity ranging from trace to ≥ moderate regurgitation) was 87.7% in men and 91.5% in women.
  • When trace regurgitation is excluded, the prevalence of MR of a severity ≥ mild was 19.0% in men and 19.1% in women.
  • The elevated prevalence of trace regurgitation can be a normal finding related to an artifact or an anatomic characteristic of the closure of the mitral valve.[1][2]

Age

  • The prevalence of MR increases with age. MR is one of the most common valvular heart disease in the elderly.
  • Shown below are tables depicting the prevalence of MR by age and severity in men and women according the results of the Framingham Heart Study.[1]
Severity of MR Prevalence of MR by age in men
26-29 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-83
No MR (%) 14.4 13.3 11.3 12.7 9.0
Trace (%) 76.7 72.9 74.6 60.3 51.7
Mild (%) 8.9 13.5 12.5 24.6 28.1
Moderate or severe (%) 0 0.3 1.6 2.4 11.2


Severity of MR Prevalence of MR by age in women
26-29 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-83
No MR (%) 14.0 8.6 9.0 7.2 5.6
Trace (%) 76.3 75 74 66.5 70.8
Mild (%) 9.7 15.5 16 24 23.6
Moderate or severe (%) 0 0.9 1 2.3 0

Gender

  • Overall, mitral regurgitation affects both males and females equally. However, there are some minor differences when age is considered.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL; et al. (1999). "Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study)". Am J Cardiol. 83 (6): 897–902. PMID 10190406.
  2. ↑ Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL; et al. (1999). "Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study)". Am J Cardiol. 83 (6): 897–902. PMID 10190406.

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