Bleeding gums

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[2],Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [3]

Causes

Common Causes

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Dental implant
• Gingivitis
• Hemophilia
• Heparin Injection
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Pregnancy
• Rough teeth brushing
• Scurvy
• Vitamin K deficiency
• Von Willebrand's disease

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Bothrops venom, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, tuberous sclerosis
Chemical / poisoning	Radium jaw, arsenic poisoning, lead poisoning, mercury poisoning
Dermatologic	Lichen planus (oral), linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis, pemphigus, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,thrombocytopenia, tuberous sclerosis, bothrops venom, scurvy, haemophilia, Systemic lupus erythematosus, kaposi's sarcoma, ebola hemorrhagic fever
Drug Side Effect	Acitretin , aspirin, Bevacizumab Injection, Cholestyramine Resin, clofarabine injection, co-codamol, colestipol, coumatetralyl,cyclosporine, cytotoxic chemotherapy, Efalizumab Injection, Heparin Injection, itraconazole , mercury(II) chloride poisoning, methotrexate, mycophenolate ,pamidronate injection , paracetamol, phenytoin (oral), pregabalin , protiodide, Trimethadione, venlafaxine, Zoledronic Acid Injection
Ear Nose Throat	Dry mouth, Vincent's angina, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Diabetes, progesterone, arsenic poisoning, bothrops venom, radium jaw, lead poisoning
Gastroenterologic	Cholestyramine Resin, essential thrombocytosis , ebola hemorrhagic fever, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Genetic	Hemophilia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Hematologic	Aplastic anemia, essential thrombocytosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lead poisoning, thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, Von Willebrand's disease, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, coumatetralyl, hemophilia, bolivian hemorrhagic fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever,rift valley fever, acute myeloid leukemia, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, ehrlichiosis (canine), herpes simplex virus, rift valley fever, MMR vaccine
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurologic	Tuberous sclerosis, phenytoin (oral), pregabalin , waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, rift valley fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, bothrops venom
Nutritional / Metabolic	Scurvy, diabetes, vitamin K deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy, progesterone, Von Willebrand's disease
Oncologic	Acute myeloid leukemia, kaposi's sarcoma, oral cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy
Opthalmologic	Rift valley fever
Overdose / Toxicity	Chronic alcoholism, arsenic poisoning, lead poisoning
Psychiatric	Stress
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Tuberous sclerosis, bothrops venom, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Systemic lupus erythematosus, linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis, pemphigus, mycophenolate , hemophilia
Sexual	Fellatio, herpes simplex virus, kaposi's sarcoma
Trauma	Rough teeth brushing, wisdom teeth
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	Dental implant, epulis, extraction (dental), gingivitis, Ludwig's angina, periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, rough teeth brushing,wisdom teeth, radium jaw, lead poisoning, scurvy
Miscellaneous	Body piercing, MMR vaccine, stress

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acitretin
• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Aplastic anemia
• Arsenic poisoning
• Aspirin
• Bevacizumab Injection
• Body piercing
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
• Bothrops venom
• Cholestyramine Resin
• Chronic alcoholism
• Clofarabine Injection
• Co-codamol
• Colestipol
• Coumatetralyl
• Cyclosporine
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy
• Dental implant
• Diabetes
• Dry mouth
• Ebola hemorrhagic fever
• Efalizumab Injection
• Ehrlichiosis (canine)
• Epulis
• Essential thrombocytosis
• Extraction (dental)
• Fellatio
• Gingivitis
• Hemophilia
• Heparin Injection
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
• Herpes simplex virus
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Itraconazole
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• Lead poisoning
• Linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis
• Ludwig's angina
• Mercury poisoning
• Methotrexate
• MMR vaccine
• Mycophenolate
• Oral cancer
• Oral Lichen planus
• Pamidronate injection
• Paracetamol
• Pemphigus
• Periodontitis
• Phenytoin (oral)
• Poor oral hygiene
• Pregabalin
• Pregnancy
• Progesterone
• Protiodide
• Radium jaw
• Rift valley fever
• Rough teeth brushing
• Scurvy
• Stress
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Thrombocytopenia
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Venlafaxine
• Vincent's angina
• Vitamin K deficiency
• Von Willebrand's disease
• Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
• Wisdom teeth
• Zoledronic Acid Injection

Differential Diagnosis

In alphabetical order.

• Coagulopathy
• Epulis
• Flossing
• Hemorrhagic diathesis
• Inadequate plaque removal
• Infection
• Leukemia
• New dentures
• Tartar

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4]