Dermatomyositis causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Dermatomyositis}}
{{Dermatomyositis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The causes of dermatomyositis are not fully understood. Commonly cited causes include [[viral infection]] and [[autoimmune]] diseases. Other causes include oncologic malignancies and drug side effects.
==Causes==
==Causes==
The cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an [[autoimmune]] reaction. Some cases of dermatomyositis actually "overlap" (are combined with) another autoimmune disease such as [[lupus]], [[scleroderma]], or [[vasculitis]]. Because of the link between DM and autoimmune disease, doctors and patients suspecting DM may find it helpful to run an ANA - antinuclear antibody - test, which in cases of a [[lupus]]-like nature may be positive (usually from 1:160 to 1:640, with normal ranges at 1:40 and below).
===Common Causes===
*[[Antinuclear antibodies]]
*[[Autoantibodies]]
*[[Hla-b8]]
*[[Hla-dr3]]
*[[Hla-drw52]]
*[[Interferon-alpha]]
*[[Interferon-beta]]
*[[Interferon-gamma]]
*[[Coxsackie b virus]]
*[[Echovirus]]
*[[Hepatitis b vaccine]]
*[[Hiv]]
*[[Htlv-1]]
*[[Hypertrichosis]]
*[[Parvovirus]]
*[[Pyrexia of unknown origin]]
*[[Sterile pneumonitis]]
*[[Streptococcus]]
*[[Toxoplasma]]


Some cases of DM are a [[paraneoplastic phenomenon]], indicating the presence of [[cancer]].<ref name="pmid16603844">{{cite journal | author=Scheinfeld NS | title=Ulcerative paraneoplastic dermatomyositis secondary to metastatic breast cancer | journal=Skinmed | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=94–6 | year=2006 | pmid=16603844 | url=http://www.lejacq.com/articleDetail.cfm?pid=SKINmed_5;2:94 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-9740.2006.03637.x}}</ref> In cases involving cancer, the cancer is usually pre-existent, with removal of the cancer resulting in remission of the DM. The onset of a rash in patients with pre-existing myositis requires investigation of the neoplastic possibility.
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pericarditis]],  [[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Statins]],  [[Vasculitis]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Calcinosis cutis]],  [[Gottron papules]],  [[Photosensitivity of skin]],  [[Sclerosis of skin]],  [[Telangiectasia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carbimazole]],  [[Carticaine]],  [[Cimetidine]],  [[Cyclophosphamide]],  [[Penicillamine]],  [[Phenylbutazone]],  [[Phenytoin]],  [[Quinidine]],  [[Statins]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysphagia]],  [[Dysphonia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antinuclear antibodies]],  [[Autoantibodies]],  [[Hla-b8]],  [[Hla-dr3]],  [[Hla-drw52]],  [[Interferon-alpha]],  [[Interferon-beta]],  [[Interferon-gamma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies]],  [[Eosinophilia]],  [[Hla-b8]],  [[Hla-dr3]],  [[Hla-drw52]],  [[Htlv-1]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coxsackie b virus]],  [[Echovirus]],  [[Hepatitis b vaccine]],  [[Hiv]],  [[Htlv-1]],  [[Hypertrichosis]],  [[Parvovirus]],  [[Pyrexia of unknown origin]],  [[Sterile pneumonitis]],  [[Streptococcus]],  [[Toxoplasma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ectopic calcification]],  [[Electromyogram abnormalities]],  [[Muscular hypertrophy]],  [[Myositis]],  [[Periorbital swelling]],  [[Proximal muscle weakness]],  [[Proximal myopathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyporeflexia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ovarian cancer]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs]],  [[Breast cancer]],  [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Lung cancer]],  [[Ovarian cancer]],  [[Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]],  [[Pulmonary fibrosis]],  [[Respiratory failure type 2]],  [[Sterile pneumonitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Immunocompromise]], [[Rheumatoid factor positive]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hiv]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}


In 1988, the noted Lyme disease researcher Dr. Alan Steere observed: "Finally, the perivascular lymphoid infiltrate in clinical myositis does not differ from that seen in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. All of these histologic derangements suggest immunologic damage in response to persistence of the spirochete, however few in number.", in his article, ''Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease by stage.''
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Antinuclear antibodies]]
*[[Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs]]
*[[Autoantibodies]]
*[[Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine]]
*[[Breast cancer]]
*[[Calcinosis cutis]]
*[[Carbimazole]]
*[[Carticaine]]
*[[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Coxsackie b virus]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies]]
*[[Dysphagia]]
*[[Dysphonia]]
*[[Echovirus]]
*[[Ectopic calcification]]
*[[Electromyogram abnormalities]]
*[[Eosinophilia]]
*[[Gottron papules]]
*[[Hepatitis b vaccine]]
*[[Hiv]]
*[[Hla-b8]]
*[[Hla-dr3]]
*[[Hla-drw52]]
*[[Htlv-1]]
*[[Hypertrichosis]]
*[[Hyporeflexia]]
*[[Immunocompromise]]
*[[Interferon-alpha]]
*[[Interferon-beta]]
*[[Interferon-gamma]]
*[[Lung cancer]]
*[[Muscular hypertrophy]]
*[[Myositis]]
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
*[[Parvovirus]]
*[[Penicillamine]]
*[[Pericarditis]]
*[[Periorbital swelling]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Phenytoin]]
*[[Photosensitivity of skin]]
*[[Proximal muscle weakness]]
*[[Proximal myopathy]]
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Pyrexia of unknown origin]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Raynaud phenomenon]]
*[[Respiratory failure type 2]]
*[[Rhabdomyolysis]]
*[[Rheumatoid factor positive]]
*[[Sclerosis of skin]]
*[[Statins]]
*[[Sterile pneumonitis]]
*[[Streptococcus]]
*[[Telangiectasia]]
*[[Toxoplasma]]
*[[Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms]]
*[[Vasculitis]]
}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 20:47, 10 January 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

The causes of dermatomyositis are not fully understood. Commonly cited causes include viral infection and autoimmune diseases. Other causes include oncologic malignancies and drug side effects.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Pericarditis, Raynaud phenomenon, Statins, Vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Calcinosis cutis, Gottron papules, Photosensitivity of skin, Sclerosis of skin, Telangiectasia
Drug Side Effect Carbimazole, Carticaine, Cimetidine, Cyclophosphamide, Penicillamine, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Statins
Ear Nose Throat Dysphagia, Dysphonia
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Antinuclear antibodies, Autoantibodies, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-beta, Interferon-gamma
Hematologic Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies, Eosinophilia, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Htlv-1
Iatrogenic Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine
Infectious Disease Coxsackie b virus, Echovirus, Hepatitis b vaccine, Hiv, Htlv-1, Hypertrichosis, Parvovirus, Pyrexia of unknown origin, Sterile pneumonitis, Streptococcus, Toxoplasma
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Ectopic calcification, Electromyogram abnormalities, Muscular hypertrophy, Myositis, Periorbital swelling, Proximal muscle weakness, Proximal myopathy
Neurologic Hyporeflexia
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Ovarian cancer
Oncologic Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs, Breast cancer, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Lung cancer, Pulmonary fibrosis, Respiratory failure type 2, Sterile pneumonitis
Renal/Electrolyte Rhabdomyolysis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Immunocompromise, Rheumatoid factor positive
Sexual Hiv
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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