Leukopenia: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = Leukopenia  |
   Name          = Leukopenia  |
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}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Ammu}} {{LRO}}


{{SK}} Deficiency in WBC, deficiency in white blood cells, deficiency in leukocytes, low WBC, low white blood cells, low leukocytes, neutrophilic leukopenia, neutrophilic leukocytopenia, neutrophilic leucopenia, neutrophilic leucocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilic leukopenia, eosinophilic leukocytopenia, eosinophilic leucopenia, eosinophilic leucocytopenia, eosinophilopenia, basophilic leukopenia, basophilic leukocytopenia, basophilic leucopenia, basophilic leucocytopenia, basophilopenia, leukocytopenia, leucopenia, leukopaenia, lymphopenia, lymphocytopenia


==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Leukopenia''' (or '''leukocytopenia''', or '''leucopenia''' or '''leukopaenia''') is a decrease in the number of circulating [[white blood cell]]s (leukocytes) in the [[blood]]. As the principal function of white cells is to combat [[infection]], a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for [[infection]].
Deficiency of absolute number of leukocytes, which may be [[granulocyte]]s ([[neutrophil]]s, [[eosinophil]]s, [[basophil]]s) or lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells). The majority of cases of leukopenia are actually neutropenia since neutrophils constitute the majority of leukocytes.  As the principal function of white cells is to combat [[infection]], a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for [[infection]].  In [[pancytopenia]], the other cell types in the blood ([[red blood cell]]s and [[platelet]]s) are similarly affected.  [[Neutropenia]] is a decrease in the number of circulating [[neutrophil granulocyte]]s, the most abundant white blood cells. The terms leukopenia and neutropenia may occasionally be used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk.  However, neutropenia is more properly considered a subset of leukopenia as a whole.  Low white cell counts are associated with [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[leukemia]] (as malignant cells overwhelm the bone marrow), [[myelofibrosis]] and [[aplastic anemia]] (failure of white and red cell creation, along with poor platelet production).  In addition, many common [[medication]]s can cause leukopenia. Other causes of low white blood cell count include: Influenza, systemic lupus erythematosus, typhus, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, dengue, Rickettsial infections, enlargement of the spleen, folate deficiencies and sepsis. Many other causes exist.  Leukopenia can be identified with a [[complete blood count]].


In [[pancytopenia]], the other cell types in the blood ([[red blood cell]]s and [[platelet]]s) are similarly affected.
==Classification==


[[Neutropenia]] is a decrease in the number of circulating [[neutrophil granulocyte]]s, the most abundant white blood cells. The terms '''leukopenia''' and '''neutropenia''' may occasionally be used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk.  However, neutropenia is more properly considered a subset of leukopenia as a whole.
{{Family tree/start}}
 
{{Family tree | | | | | A01 | | | A01= '''Leukopenia'''}}
Low white cell counts are associated with [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[leukemia]] (as malignant cells overwhelm the bone marrow), [[myelofibrosis]] and [[aplastic anemia]] (failure of white and red cell creation, along with poor platelet production).  In addition, many common [[medication]]s can cause leukopenia.  
{{Family tree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
 
{{Family tree | | | B01 | | B02 | B01= '''Granulocytopenia''' <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">Reduced number of [[granulocyte]]s </div>| B02= '''Lymphocytopenia'''<br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">''(aka Lymphopenia)''<br>Reduced absolute number of [[lymphocyte]]s ([[T-cells]] or [[B-cells]]) </div>}}
Other causes of low white blood cell count include: Influenza, systemic lupus erythematosus, typhus, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, dengue, Rickettsial infections, enlargement of the spleen, folate deficiencies and sepsis. Many other causes exist.
{{Family tree | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.|}}
 
{{Family tree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C01= '''Neutrophilic leukopenia'''<br><div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">''(aka neutrophilic leukocytopenia, neutrophilic leucopenia, neutrophilic leucocytopenia, neutropenia)'' <br> [[Absolute neutrophil count]] < 1.5 x 109/L </div>| C02= '''Eosinophilic leukopenia''' <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;"> ''(aka eosinophilic leukocytopenia, eosinophilic leucopenia, eosinophilic leucocytopenia, eosinophilopenia)'' <br> Reduced absolute number of [[eosinophil]]s </div>| C03= '''Basophilic leukopenia''' <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">''(aka basophilic leukocytopenia, basophilic leucopenia, basophilic leucocytopenia, basophilopenia)'' <br> Reduced absolute number of [[basophil]]s </div>
Leukopenia can be identified with a [[complete blood count]].
}}
 
{{Family tree/end}}
* Acute after certain infections
* [[Agranulocytosis]]
* [[Alcoholism]]
* [[Aplastic Anemia]]
* Benign familial neutropenia
* Benign neutropenia in black people
* [[Bone marrow]] damage
* [[Brucellosis]]
* [[Cachexia]]
* [[Chickenpox]]
* Chronically in [[HIV]] infection
* [[Cyclic neutropenia]]
* Degenerative and inflammatory vasculopathies
* [[Diphtheria]]
* [[Diuretic]]s
* Drug-induced granulocytopenias
* [[Drugs]] such as  [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Ethambutol]], [[Fluphenazine]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Letrozole]], [[Metaxalone]], [[Methocarbamol]], [[Mycophenolate]], [[Nelarabine]], [[Olanzapine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Prochlorperazine]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Thalidomide]]
* [[Epstein-Barr Virus]]
* Exanthema subitum
* [[Folic acid deficiency]]
* [[HIV]]
* Hyperglobulia
* [[Hypersplenism]]
* [[Hypopituitarism]]
* [[Ddx:Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
* Idiopathic
* [[Infection]]
* Infectious [[hepatitis]]
* [[Infectious mononucleosis]]
* [[Influenza]]
* [[Iron deficiency anemia]]
* [[Kala-Azar]]
* [[Kostmann Syndrome]]
* [[Leukemia]] (acute)
* Lipid storage disease
* [[Malaria]]
* Malignant [[lymphoma]]s
* [[Myeloproliferative disorders]]
* [[Ornithosis]]
* [[Osteomyelosclerosis]]
* [[Paraproteinemia]]
* [[Paratyphus]]
* [[Parvovirus B19]]
* [[Pernicious anemia]]
* [[Poliomyelitis]]
* Primary and secondary varicosis
* [[Rickettsia]]l infection
* [[Sjogren's Syndrome]]
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
* [[Thyrotoxicosis]]
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Tularemia]]
* [[Tumor]] infiltration
* [[Typhoid Fever]]
* [[Varicella]]
* [[Vein Compression Syndrome]]
* [[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]]
* [[Yellow Fever]] <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:68%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Degenerative and inflammatory vasculopathies]],  [[Primary and secondary varicosis]],  [[Vein compression syndrome]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminosalicylic acid]],  [[Capreomycin sulfate]],  [[Herbal agent overdose ]],  [[Irinotecan hydrochloride]],  [[Mayapple poisoning ]],  [[Monosodium methanarsenate ]],  [[O'higgins disease ]],  [[Radium chloride]],  [[Strontium chloride]],  [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amoxicillin]], [[Cefotaxime sodium]],  [[Cefaclor]], [[Cefpodoxime]], [[Ceftazidime]], [[Cisplatin]], [[Clobazam]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Dactinomycin]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]], [[Ethosuximide]], [[Rifampin]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Flurazepam hydrochloride]], [[Flurbiprofen]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Irinotecan hydrochloride]], [[Lenalidomide]], [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]], [[Lorcaserin]], [[Loxapine]], [[Mercaptopurine]], [[Meropenem]], [[Metaxalone]], [[Methocarbamol]], [[Milnacipran hydrochloride]], [[Mycophenolate]], [[Nabilone]], [[Olanzapine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Paclitaxel]], [[Penicillamine]],[[Perphenazine]], [[Pertuzumab]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Primaquine phosphate]], [[Probenecid]], [[Promethazine]], [[Pyrimethamine]], [[Rabeprazole]], [[Repaglinide]], [[Sulindac]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tolbutamide]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]], [[Vinblastine]], [[Zonisamide]], [[Sirolimus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aflibercept]],  [[Alimemazine]],  [[Altretamine]],  [[Amoxicillin]], [[Azacitidine]],  [[Benzene ]],  [[Carboplatin]],  [[Cefaclor]], [[Cefotaxime sodium]],  [[Cefpodoxime]], [[Ceftazidime]], [[Certolizumab pegol]],  [[Chemotherapy]],  [[Chlorpropamide]],  [[Cisplatin]], [[Clobazam]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Dacarbazine]],  [[Dactinomycin]], [[Dexrazoxane]],  [[Diethylpropion]],  [[Diphtheria]],  [[Diuretics]],  [[Docetaxel]], [[Doxorubicin hydrochloride]], [[Drug-induced granulocytopenias]],  [[Epirubicin hydrochloride]],  [[Ethosuximide]], [[Exanthema subitum]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]],  [[Flavoxate]],  [[Flurazepam hydrochloride]], [[Flurbiprofen]], [[Fulvestrant]],  [[Gemifloxacin mesylate]],  [[Guanidine]],  [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Lenalidomide]], [[Lincomycin hydrochloride]], [[Lomustine]],  [[Lorcaserin]], [[Loxapine]], [[Megestrol]],  [[Melphalan]],  [[Mercaptopurine]], [[Meropenem]], [[Metaxalone]], [[Methocarbamol]], [[Milnacipran hydrochloride]], [[Mitomycin c]],  [[Mycophenolate]], [[Nabilone]], [[Nilutamide]],  [[Nitisinone]],  [[Nitrous oxide ]],  [[Olanzapine]], [[Olaparib]],  [[Olsalazine]],  [[Oxaprozin]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxcarbazepine]],  [[Paclitaxel]], [[Palbociclib]],  [[Penicillamine]], [[Pergolide]],  [[Perphenazine]], [[Pertuzumab]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Primaquine phosphate]], [[Probenecid]], [[Promethazine]], [[Pyrimethamine]], [[Rabeprazole]], [[Radiotherapy]],  [[Repaglinide]], [[Rifampin]],  [[Romidepsin]],  [[Rufinamide]],  [[Sirolimus]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Streptozocin]],  [[Sulindac]],  [[Tamoxifen]], [[Teniposide]],  [[Thioguanine]],  [[Thiotepa]],  [[Thiothixene]],  [[Tiagabine]],  [[Tolazamide]],  [[Tolbutamide]], [[Toremifene]], [[Trimethadione]], [[Vinblastine]], [[Zonisamide]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypopituitarism]],  [[Hypothyroidism]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]],  [[Banti syndrome ]],  [[Gaucher disease type 3 ]],  [[Hypersplenism]],  [[Infectious hepatitis]],  [[Liver disease]],  [[Spleen disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute cholinergic dysautonomia ]],  [[Chromosome 8, mosaic trisomy ]],  [[Ghosal syndrome ]],  [[Homologous wasting disease ]],  [[Trisomy 8 mosaicism ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aplastic anemia]],  [[Banti syndrome ]],  [[Benign familial neutropenia]],  [[Bone marrow damage]],  [[Cyclic neutropenia]],  [[Ehrlichia ewingii]],  [[Fanconi pancytopenia ]],  [[Folate malabsorption, hereditary]],  [[Folic acid deficiency]],  [[Foscarnet sodium]],  [[Gaucher disease type 3 ]],  [[Ghosal syndrome ]],  [[Haemodialysis]],  [[Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2 ]],  [[Hyperglobulia]],  [[Hypersplenism]],  [[Hypopituitarism]],  [[Hypothyroidism]],  [[Interleukin 2]],  [[Iron deficiency anemia]],  [[Korovnikov syndrome ]],  [[Kostmann syndrome]],  [[Leukemia]],  [[Lipid storage disease]],  [[Lymphocytopenia]],  [[Megaloblastic anemia]],  [[Methylmalonic acidemia ]],  [[Myelodysplasia]],  [[Myeloproliferative disorders]],  [[Neutropenia]],  [[Osteomyelosclerosis]],  [[Paraproteinemia]],  [[Pernicious anemia]],  [[Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency ]],  [[Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts ]],  [[Septicaemia]],  [[Vitamin b12 deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chemotherapy]],  [[Haemodialysis]],  [[Radiotherapy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brucellosis ]],  [[Bullis fever syndrome ]],  [[Chickenpox]],  [[Epstein-barr virus]],  [[Heartland virus]],  [[Heavy-chain diseases ]],  [[Hiv]],  [[Infectious mononucleosis]],  [[Infectious hepatitis]],  [[Influenza]],  [[Junin virus ]],  [[Kala-azar]],  [[Leishmaniasis ]],  [[Malaria]],  [[Ornithosis]],  [[Paratyphus]],  [[Parvovirus b19]],  [[Poliomyelitis]],  [[Rickettsial infection]],  [[Sabia virus ]],  [[Sars ]],  [[Septicaemia]],  [[Thyrotoxicosis]],  [[Tick borne encephalitis]],  [[Toxoplasmosis]],  [[Tuberculosis]],  [[Tularemia]],  [[Typhoid fever]],  [[Varicella]],  [[Visceral leishmaniasis ]],  [[Yellow fever]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow damage]],  [[Cachexia]],  [[Myelodysplasia]],  [[Myeloproliferative disorders]],  [[Osteomyelosclerosis]],  [[Poliomyelitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tick borne encephalitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nutrition deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Leukemia]],  [[Malignant lymphomas]],  [[Mastocytosis ]],  [[Tumor infiltration]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]],  [[Herbal agent overdose ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sars ]],  [[Tuberculosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperglobulia]],  [[Paraproteinemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune diseases]],  [[Felty syndrome]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]],  [[Sjogren's syndrome]],  [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
{{columns-list|
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
*[[Acute cholinergic dysautonomia ]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Aflibercept]]
* [[Amoxicillin]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
* [[Carboplatin]]
*[[Alimemazine]]
*[[Altretamine]]
*[[Aminosalicylic acid]]
*[[Amoxicillin]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Autoimmune diseases]]
*[[Azacitidine]]
*[[Banti syndrome ]]
*[[Benign familial neutropenia]]
*[[Benzene ]]
*[[Bone marrow damage]]
*[[Brucellosis ]]
*[[Bullis fever syndrome ]]
*[[Cachexia]]
*[[Capreomycin sulfate]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Cefaclor]]
*[[Cefotaxime sodium]]
*[[Cefpodoxime]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
* [[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
*[[Chemotherapy]]
*[[Chickenpox]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Chromosome 8, mosaic trisomy ]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Clobazam]]
*[[Cyclic neutropenia]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Dacarbazine]]
*[[Dactinomycin]]
*[[Degenerative and inflammatory vasculopathies]]
*[[Dexrazoxane]]
*[[Diethylpropion]]
*[[Diphtheria]]
*[[Diuretics]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]]
*[[Doxorubicin hydrochloride]]
*[[Drug-induced granulocytopenias]]
*[[Ehrlichia ewingii]]
*[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]]
*[[Epstein-barr virus]]
*[[Ethosuximide]]
*[[Exanthema subitum]]
*[[Fanconi pancytopenia ]]
*[[Febuxostat]]
*[[Felbamate]]
*[[Felty syndrome]]
*[[Flavoxate]]
*[[Flurazepam hydrochloride]]
*[[Flurbiprofen]]
*[[Flurbiprofen]]
*[[Folate malabsorption, hereditary]]
*[[Folic acid deficiency]]
*[[Foscarnet sodium]]
*[[Fulvestrant]]
*[[Gaucher disease type 3 ]]
*[[Gemifloxacin mesylate]]
*[[Ghosal syndrome ]]
*[[Guanidine]]
*[[Haemodialysis]]
*[[Heartland virus]]
*[[Heavy-chain diseases ]]
*[[Herbal agent overdose ]]
*[[Hiv]]
*[[Homologous wasting disease ]]
*[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
*[[Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2 ]]
*[[Hyperglobulia]]
*[[Hypersplenism]]
*[[Hypopituitarism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Infection]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infectious hepatitis]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Interleukin 2]]
*[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
*[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
*[[Iron deficiency anemia]]
*[[Junin virus ]]
*[[Kala-azar]]
*[[Korovnikov syndrome ]]
*[[Kostmann syndrome]]
*[[Leishmaniasis ]]
*[[Lenalidomide]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lincomycin hydrochloride]]
*[[Lipid storage disease]]
*[[Liver disease]]
*[[Lomustine]]
*[[Lorcaserin]]
*[[Loxapine]]
*[[Lupus ]]
*[[Lymphocytopenia]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malignant lymphomas]]
*[[Mastocytosis ]]
*[[Mayapple poisoning ]]
*[[Megaloblastic anemia]]
*[[Megestrol]]
*[[Melphalan]]
*[[Mercaptopurine]]
*[[Meropenem]]
*[[Metaxalone]]
*[[Methocarbamol]]
*[[Methylmalonic acidemia ]]
*[[Milnacipran hydrochloride]]
*[[Milnacipran hydrochloride]]
*[[Mitomycin c]]
*[[Monosodium methanarsenate ]]
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Myelodysplasia]]
*[[Myeloproliferative disorders]]
*[[Nabilone]]
*[[Nabilone]]
*[[Neutropenia]]
*[[Nilutamide]]
*[[Nitisinone]]
*[[Nitrous oxide ]]
*[[Nutrition deficiency]]
*[[O'higgins disease ]]
*[[Olanzapine]]
*[[Olaparib]]
*[[Olsalazine]]
*[[Ornithosis]]
*[[Osteomyelosclerosis]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Oxcarbazepine]]
*[[Paclitaxel]]
*[[Paclitaxel]]
*[[Palbociclib]]
*[[Paraproteinemia]]
*[[Paratyphus]]
*[[Parvovirus b19]]
*[[Penicillamine]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]
*[[Perphenazine]]
*[[Pertuzumab]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Pramipexole]]
*[[Primaquine phosphate]]
*[[Primary and secondary varicosis]]
*[[Probenecid]]
*[[Probenecid]]
*[[Promethazine]]
*[[Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency ]]
*[[Pyrimethamine]]
*[[Pyrimethamine]]
*[[Rabeprazole]]
*[[Radiotherapy]]
*[[Radium chloride]]
*[[Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts ]]
*[[Repaglinide]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rickettsial infection]]
*[[Rifampin]]
*[[Romidepsin]]
*[[Rufinamide]]
*[[Sabia virus ]]
*[[Sars ]]
*[[Septicaemia]]
*[[Sirolimus]]
*[[Sjogren's syndrome]]
*[[Spironolactone]]
*[[Spleen disease]]
*[[Streptozocin]]
*[[Strontium chloride]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Tamoxifen]]
*[[Teniposide]]
*[[Thioguanine]]
*[[Thiotepa]]
*[[Thiothixene]]
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Tick borne encephalitis]]
*[[Tolazamide]]
*[[Tolbutamide]]
*[[Toremifene]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Trimethadione]]
*[[Trisomy 8 mosaicism ]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tularemia]]
*[[Tumor infiltration]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
*[[Varicella]]
*[[Vein compression syndrome]]
*[[Vinblastine]]
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis ]]
*[[Vitamin b12 deficiency]]
*[[Yellow fever]]
*[[Zonisamide]]
}}


{{col-break|width=33%}}
==Contraindicated Medications==
*
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*
{{col-end}}
 
 
====Contraindicated medications====


{{MedCondContrAbs|MedCond = Leukopenia|Methotrexate}}
{{MedCondContrAbs|MedCond = Leukopenia|Methotrexate}}
Line 239: Line 356:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{GPnotebook|1355808838}}
* {{MerckManual|11|135|a}}
[[de:Leukopenie]]
[[es:Leucopenia]]
[[fr:Leucopénie]]
[[it:Leucopenia]]
[[nl:Leukopenie]]
[[pl:Leukopenia]]
[[pt:Leucopenia]]
[[sk:Leukopénia]]
[[sv:Leukopeni]]
[[tr:Lökopeni]]




[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]


Latest revision as of 21:49, 10 January 2020

Leukopenia
ICD-10 D70
ICD-9 288.0
DiseasesDB 32396
MeSH C15.378.553.546

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Ongoing Trials on Leukopenia at Clinical Trials.gov

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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Leukopenia

NICE Guidance on Leukopenia

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FDA on Leukopenia

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Books on Leukopenia

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Leukopenia in the news

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Commentary

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Definitions

Definitions of Leukopenia

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Patient resources on Leukopenia

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Leukopenia

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Leukopenia

Causes & Risk Factors for Leukopenia

Diagnostic studies for Leukopenia

Treatment of Leukopenia

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Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Leukopenia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Synonyms and keywords: Deficiency in WBC, deficiency in white blood cells, deficiency in leukocytes, low WBC, low white blood cells, low leukocytes, neutrophilic leukopenia, neutrophilic leukocytopenia, neutrophilic leucopenia, neutrophilic leucocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilic leukopenia, eosinophilic leukocytopenia, eosinophilic leucopenia, eosinophilic leucocytopenia, eosinophilopenia, basophilic leukopenia, basophilic leukocytopenia, basophilic leucopenia, basophilic leucocytopenia, basophilopenia, leukocytopenia, leucopenia, leukopaenia, lymphopenia, lymphocytopenia

Overview

Deficiency of absolute number of leukocytes, which may be granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) or lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells). The majority of cases of leukopenia are actually neutropenia since neutrophils constitute the majority of leukocytes. As the principal function of white cells is to combat infection, a decrease in the number of these cells can place patients at increased risk for infection. In pancytopenia, the other cell types in the blood (red blood cells and platelets) are similarly affected. Neutropenia is a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant white blood cells. The terms leukopenia and neutropenia may occasionally be used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk. However, neutropenia is more properly considered a subset of leukopenia as a whole. Low white cell counts are associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, leukemia (as malignant cells overwhelm the bone marrow), myelofibrosis and aplastic anemia (failure of white and red cell creation, along with poor platelet production). In addition, many common medications can cause leukopenia. Other causes of low white blood cell count include: Influenza, systemic lupus erythematosus, typhus, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, dengue, Rickettsial infections, enlargement of the spleen, folate deficiencies and sepsis. Many other causes exist. Leukopenia can be identified with a complete blood count.

Classification

 
 
 
 
Leukopenia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Granulocytopenia
Reduced number of granulocytes
 
Lymphocytopenia
(aka Lymphopenia)
Reduced absolute number of lymphocytes (T-cells or B-cells)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Neutrophilic leukopenia
(aka neutrophilic leukocytopenia, neutrophilic leucopenia, neutrophilic leucocytopenia, neutropenia)
Absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 x 109/L
 
Eosinophilic leukopenia
(aka eosinophilic leukocytopenia, eosinophilic leucopenia, eosinophilic leucocytopenia, eosinophilopenia)
Reduced absolute number of eosinophils
 
Basophilic leukopenia
(aka basophilic leukocytopenia, basophilic leucopenia, basophilic leucocytopenia, basophilopenia)
Reduced absolute number of basophils
 

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Degenerative and inflammatory vasculopathies, Primary and secondary varicosis, Vein compression syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning Aminosalicylic acid, Capreomycin sulfate, Herbal agent overdose , Irinotecan hydrochloride, Mayapple poisoning , Monosodium methanarsenate , O'higgins disease , Radium chloride, Strontium chloride, Valganciclovir hydrochloride
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Aflibercept, Alimemazine, Altretamine, Amoxicillin, Azacitidine, Benzene , Carboplatin, Cefaclor, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefpodoxime, Ceftazidime, Certolizumab pegol, Chemotherapy, Chlorpropamide, Cisplatin, Clobazam, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dacarbazine, Dactinomycin, Dexrazoxane, Diethylpropion, Diphtheria, Diuretics, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug-induced granulocytopenias, Epirubicin hydrochloride, Ethosuximide, Exanthema subitum, Febuxostat, Felbamate, Flavoxate, Flurazepam hydrochloride, Flurbiprofen, Fulvestrant, Gemifloxacin mesylate, Guanidine, Hydroxychloroquine, Ifosfamide, Lenalidomide, Lincomycin hydrochloride, Lomustine, Lorcaserin, Loxapine, Megestrol, Melphalan, Mercaptopurine, Meropenem, Metaxalone, Methocarbamol, Milnacipran hydrochloride, Mitomycin c, Mycophenolate, Nabilone, Nilutamide, Nitisinone, Nitrous oxide , Olanzapine, Olaparib, Olsalazine, Oxaprozin, Oxazepam, Oxcarbazepine, Paclitaxel, Palbociclib, Penicillamine, Pergolide, Perphenazine, Pertuzumab, Pramipexole, Primaquine phosphate, Probenecid, Promethazine, Pyrimethamine, Rabeprazole, Radiotherapy, Repaglinide, Rifampin, Romidepsin, Rufinamide, Sirolimus, Spironolactone, Streptozocin, Sulindac, Tamoxifen, Teniposide, Thioguanine, Thiotepa, Thiothixene, Tiagabine, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide, Toremifene, Trimethadione, Vinblastine, Zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hypopituitarism, Hypothyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Alcoholism, Banti syndrome , Gaucher disease type 3 , Hypersplenism, Infectious hepatitis, Liver disease, Spleen disease
Genetic Acute cholinergic dysautonomia , Chromosome 8, mosaic trisomy , Ghosal syndrome , Homologous wasting disease , Trisomy 8 mosaicism 
Hematologic Aplastic anemia, Banti syndrome , Benign familial neutropenia, Bone marrow damage, Cyclic neutropenia, Ehrlichia ewingii, Fanconi pancytopenia , Folate malabsorption, hereditary, Folic acid deficiency, Foscarnet sodium, Gaucher disease type 3 , Ghosal syndrome , Haemodialysis, Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2 , Hyperglobulia, Hypersplenism, Hypopituitarism, Hypothyroidism, Interleukin 2, Iron deficiency anemia, Korovnikov syndrome , Kostmann syndrome, Leukemia, Lipid storage disease, Lymphocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia, Methylmalonic acidemia , Myelodysplasia, Myeloproliferative disorders, Neutropenia, Osteomyelosclerosis, Paraproteinemia, Pernicious anemia, Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency , Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts , Septicaemia, Vitamin b12 deficiency
Iatrogenic Chemotherapy, Haemodialysis, Radiotherapy
Infectious Disease Brucellosis , Bullis fever syndrome , Chickenpox, Epstein-barr virus, Heartland virus, Heavy-chain diseases , Hiv, Infectious mononucleosis, Infectious hepatitis, Influenza, Junin virus , Kala-azar, Leishmaniasis , Malaria, Ornithosis, Paratyphus, Parvovirus b19, Poliomyelitis, Rickettsial infection, Sabia virus , Sars , Septicaemia, Thyrotoxicosis, Tick borne encephalitis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Typhoid fever, Varicella, Visceral leishmaniasis , Yellow fever
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Bone marrow damage, Cachexia, Myelodysplasia, Myeloproliferative disorders, Osteomyelosclerosis, Poliomyelitis
Neurologic Tick borne encephalitis
Nutritional/Metabolic Nutrition deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Leukemia, Malignant lymphomas, Mastocytosis , Tumor infiltration
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Alcoholism, Herbal agent overdose
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Sars , Tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte Hyperglobulia, Paraproteinemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune diseases, Felty syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Contraindicated Medications

Leukopenia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

References

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