Pancreatic insufficiency: Difference between revisions

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{{Search infobox}}
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VSKP}}


{{SK}} Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency


'''Pancreatic insufficiency''' reduction in the exocrine pacreatic function with maldigestion.
== Overview ==  
== Overview ==  
 
Pancreatic insufficiency is characterized by deficiency of the exocrine [[pancreatic juice|pancreatic enzymes]], resulting in the inability to digest food properly, or maldigestion.
== Causes ==
== Causes ==
===Common Causes===
*[[Chronic alcoholism]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Gall stones]]
*[[Gastrectomy]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic pancreatitis]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Diabetic gastroparesis]], [[Gallstones]], [[Hemochromatosis]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bowel resection]], [[Celiac disease]],  [[Chronic pancreatitis]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Diabetic gastroparesis]], [[Gallstones]], [[Hemochromatosis]] , [[Short bowel syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Annular pancreas]], [[Ataxia telangiectasia]], [[Congenital lipomatosis of pancreas]], [[Congenital pancreatic dysfunction]], [[Congenital partial lipodystrophy]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Havlikova syndrome]], [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hereditary pancreatitis]], [[Homocystinuria]], [[Johanson-blizzard syndrome]], [[Juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome]], [[Pancreatic agenesis]], [[Pearson syndrome]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of pancreas]], [[Wolfram's disease]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Annular pancreas]], [[Ataxia telangiectasia]], [[Congenital lipomatosis of pancreas]], [[Congenital pancreatic dysfunction]], [[Congenital partial lipodystrophy]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Havlikova syndrome]], [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hereditary pancreatitis]], [[Homocystinuria]], [[Johanson-Blizzard syndrome]], [[Juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome]], [[Pancreatic agenesis]], [[Pearson syndrome]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of pancreas]], [[Wolfram's disease]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Pancreatectomy]], Partial or total [[gastrectomy]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Bowel resection]], [[Gastrectomy]] , [[Pancreatectomy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malnutrition]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[Lupus]], [[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]], [[Sjogren's syndrome]],
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[Lupus]], [[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]], [[Sjogren's syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic alcoholism]], [[Pancreatic cyst]], [[Pancreatic duct]] obstruction, [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic alcoholism]], [[Pancreatic cyst]], [[Cholestasis|Pancreatic duct obstruction]], [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]  
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
   
   
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
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*[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
*[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]]
*[[Bowel resection]]
*[[Celiac disease]]
*[[Chronic alcoholism]]
*[[Chronic alcoholism]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
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*[[Diabetic gastroparesis]]
*[[Diabetic gastroparesis]]
*[[Gallstones]]
*[[Gallstones]]
*[[Gastrectomy]]
*[[Gestational diabetes]]
*[[Gestational diabetes]]
*[[Havlikova syndrome]]
*[[Havlikova syndrome]]
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*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]]
*[[Idiopathic pancreatitis]]
*[[Idiopathic pancreatitis]]
*[[Johanson-blizzard syndrome]]
*[[Johanson-Blizzard syndrome]]
*[[Juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome]]
*[[Juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Malnutrition]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Pancreatectomy]]
*[[Pancreatectomy]]
* [[Pancreas divisum]]
*[[Pancreatic agenesis]]
*[[Pancreatic agenesis]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pancreatic cyst]]
*[[Pancreatic cyst]]
*[[Pancreatic duct]] obstruction
*[[Cholestasis|Pancreatic duct obstruction]]
*[[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
*[[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
*Partial or total [[gastrectomy]]
*[[Pearson syndrome]]
*[[Pearson syndrome]]
*[[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]]
*[[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]]
*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of pancreas]]
*[[Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of pancreas]]
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== Diagnosis ==  
== Diagnosis ==  
=== History and Symptoms ===  
=== History and Symptoms ===  
*[[Fatty stools]]
*[[Fatty stools]]
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== Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}}==  
== Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}}==  


{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
 
*[[Chronic alcoholism]]
*[[Chronic alcoholism]]
*[[Congenital pancreatic dysfunction]]
*[[Congenital pancreatic dysfunction]]
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*[[Trauma]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
|}
}}
 
==Treatment==
Often pancreatic insufficiency is treated with Pancreatic Enzyme Products (PEPs), such as [[pancrelipase]], that are used to breakdown fats ([[lipases]]), proteins ([[proteases]]) and carbohydrates ([[amylases]]) into units that can be digested by those with pancreatic insufficiency. <ref>[http://www.fda.gov/cder/otcmonographs/category_sort/pancreatic_insufficiency.htm FDA rulemaking history of OTC EPI drug products]</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

Latest revision as of 22:18, 10 January 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Overview

Pancreatic insufficiency is characterized by deficiency of the exocrine pancreatic enzymes, resulting in the inability to digest food properly, or maldigestion.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetic gastroparesis, Hyperparathyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Bowel resection, Celiac disease, Chronic pancreatitis, Cystic fibrosis, Diabetic gastroparesis, Gallstones, Hemochromatosis , Short bowel syndrome
Genetic Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Annular pancreas, Ataxia telangiectasia, Congenital lipomatosis of pancreas, Congenital pancreatic dysfunction, Congenital partial lipodystrophy, Cystic fibrosis, Havlikova syndrome, Hemochromatosis, Hereditary pancreatitis, Homocystinuria, Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, Juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome, Pancreatic agenesis, Pearson syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of pancreas, Wolfram's disease
Hematologic Acute intermittent porphyria
Iatrogenic Bowel resection, Gastrectomy , Pancreatectomy
Infectious Disease Mumps
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Malnutrition
Obstetric/Gynecologic Gestational diabetes
Oncologic Pancreatic cancer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Lupus, Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Chronic alcoholism, Pancreatic cyst, Pancreatic duct obstruction, Pancreatic pseudocyst

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Pancreatic insufficiency

Treatment

Often pancreatic insufficiency is treated with Pancreatic Enzyme Products (PEPs), such as pancrelipase, that are used to breakdown fats (lipases), proteins (proteases) and carbohydrates (amylases) into units that can be digested by those with pancreatic insufficiency. [1]

References


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