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{{Tetralogy of fallot}}
{{Tetralogy of fallot}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{Fs}}, [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


==Overview==
==Overview==
Tetralogy of Fallot causes [[cyanosis]], [[dyspnea]], [[failure to thrive]] and potentially fatal [[tet spells]].
Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of [[alcoholism]], [[diabetes]], Poor [[nutrition]] in mother in mother. Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include sudden, marked bluish skin ([[tet spell]]), [[dyspnea on exertion]], difficulty in [[feeding]], failure to gain [[weight]], [[failure to thrive]], [[Growth retardation|retarded growth]] and physical development, and [[hemoptysis]].
 
==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
* Right ventricular outflow obstruction determines the clinical presentation.
 
*The primary symptom is low blood oxygen saturation with or without [[cyanosis]] from [[birth]] or developing in the first year of life. In the absence of [[cyanosis]], the baby is referred to as a pink tet.
=== History ===
* [[Cyanosis]] becomes progressively worse with time as the patient outgrows the ability of pulmonary blood flow to keep up with increasing oxygen demands.
Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Congenital Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers|journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|year=1976|issn=1460-2393|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067465}}</ref><ref name="LoserMajewski1977">{{cite journal|last1=Loser|first1=H|last2=Majewski|first2=F|title=Type and frequency of cardiac defects in embryofetal alcohol syndrome. Report of 16 cases.|journal=Heart|volume=39|issue=12|year=1977|pages=1374–1379|issn=1355-6037|doi=10.1136/hrt.39.12.1374}}</ref>
*The following factors exacerbate [[cyanosis]] and should be avoided if at all possible:
 
:*[[Acidosis]]
*[[Alcoholism]] in the mother
:*[[Stress]]
*[[Diabetes]] in mother
:*[[Infection]]
*[[Pregnancy]] after the age of 40 in mother
:*Posture (upright, not squatting)
*Poor [[nutrition]] during [[pregnancy]] in mother
:*[[Exercise]]
 
:*[[Beta-adrenergic agonists]]
*
:*[[Dehydration]]
 
:*Closure of the [[patent ductus arteriosus]]
=== Common Symptoms ===
*[[Tet spells]] characterized by a sudden, marked increase in [[cyanosis]], [[syncope]], which may result in [[hypoxic brain injury]] and [[death]].
Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include:<ref>{{Cite journal
*Difficulty in feeding
 
  | author = [[S. S. Kothari]]
| title = Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?
| journal = [[International journal of cardiology]]
| volume = 37
| issue = 1
| pages = 1–5
| year = 1992
| month = October
| doi = 10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m
| pmid = 1428277
}}</ref><ref name="LindeDunn1967">{{cite journal|last1=Linde|first1=Leonard M.|last2=Dunn|first2=Olive Jean|last3=Schireson|first3=Ruth|last4=Rasof|first4=Beatrice|title=Growth in children with congenital heart disease|journal=The Journal of Pediatrics|volume=70|issue=3|year=1967|pages=413–419|issn=00223476|doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(67)80139-2}}</ref>
 
* Sudden, marked bluish skin ([[tet spell]]), which may happens as a result of:
**[[Acidosis]]
**[[Stress]]
**[[Infection]]
**Posture (upright, not squatting)
**[[Exercise]]
**[[Beta-adrenergic agonists]]
**[[Dehydration]]
**Closure of the [[patent ductus arteriosus]]
* [[Dyspnea on exertion]]
* Difficulty in feeding
*Failure to gain weight
*Failure to gain weight
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*Retarded growth and physical development
*Retarded growth and physical development
*[[Dyspnea on exertion]]
*[[Hemoptysis]]
*[[Hemoptysis]]
=== Less Common Symptoms ===
Less common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include
* Prolong crying
*Loss of consciousness
*Irritability
*


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:14, 26 February 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]; Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of alcoholism, diabetes, Poor nutrition in mother in mother. Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include sudden, marked bluish skin (tet spell), dyspnea on exertion, difficulty in feeding, failure to gain weight, failure to thrive, retarded growth and physical development, and hemoptysis.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of:[1][2]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include:[3][4]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include

  • Prolong crying
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Irritability

References

  1. ↑ "Congenital Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers". QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 1976. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067465. ISSN 1460-2393.
  2. ↑ Loser, H; Majewski, F (1977). "Type and frequency of cardiac defects in embryofetal alcohol syndrome. Report of 16 cases". Heart. 39 (12): 1374–1379. doi:10.1136/hrt.39.12.1374. ISSN 1355-6037.
  3. ↑ S. S. Kothari (1992). "Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?". International journal of cardiology. 37 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m. PMID 1428277. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Linde, Leonard M.; Dunn, Olive Jean; Schireson, Ruth; Rasof, Beatrice (1967). "Growth in children with congenital heart disease". The Journal of Pediatrics. 70 (3): 413–419. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(67)80139-2. ISSN 0022-3476.

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