Patent foramen ovale MRI: Difference between revisions
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{{Patent foramen ovale}} | {{Patent foramen ovale}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{IO}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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*Grading of PFO using [[Contrast medium|contrast]]-enhanced [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] include:<ref name="MohrsPetersen2005">{{cite journal|last1=Mohrs|first1=Oliver K.|last2=Petersen|first2=Steffen E.|last3=Erkapic|first3=Damir|last4=Rubel|first4=Christine|last5=Schräder|first5=Rainer|last6=Nowak|first6=Bernd|last7=Fach|first7=W. Andreas|last8=Kauczor|first8=Hans-Ulrich|last9=Voigtlaender|first9=Thomas|title=Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale Using Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic MRI: A Pilot Study|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=184|issue=1|year=2005|pages=234–240|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840234}}</ref> | *Grading of PFO using [[Contrast medium|contrast]]-enhanced [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] include:<ref name="MohrsPetersen2005">{{cite journal|last1=Mohrs|first1=Oliver K.|last2=Petersen|first2=Steffen E.|last3=Erkapic|first3=Damir|last4=Rubel|first4=Christine|last5=Schräder|first5=Rainer|last6=Nowak|first6=Bernd|last7=Fach|first7=W. Andreas|last8=Kauczor|first8=Hans-Ulrich|last9=Voigtlaender|first9=Thomas|title=Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale Using Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic MRI: A Pilot Study|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=184|issue=1|year=2005|pages=234–240|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840234}}</ref> | ||
:*Grade 0: No [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | :*'''Grade 0:''' No [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | ||
:*Grade 1: Only slight [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement close to the [[atrial septum]] without enhancement of the entire [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | :*'''Grade 1:''' Only slight [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement close to the [[atrial septum]] without enhancement of the entire [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | ||
:*Grade 2: Only slight [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | :*'''Grade 2:''' Only slight [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | ||
:*'''Grade 3:''' Bright [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | |||
:*Grade 3: Bright [[Contrast medium|contrast]] enhancement in the [[left atrium]] before the [[Contrast medium|contrast]] agent reached the [[pulmonary veins]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:28, 28 February 2020
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Patent Foramen Ovale Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Patent foramen ovale MRI On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Patent foramen ovale MRI |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Patent foramen ovale MRI |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Ifeoma Odukwe, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [3], Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
Although not commmon, contrast-enhanced MRI is may be helpful in diagnosing patent foramen ovale. PFO is diagnosed with the presence of an early contrast enhancement in the left atrium due to intracardiac right-to-left shunting before the contrast agent reaches the pulmonary veins.
MRI
- Contrast-enhanced MRI is not commonly used but may be helpful in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale. The presence of an early contrast enhancement due to intracardiac right-to-left shunting in the left atrium before the contrast agent reaches the pulmonary veins is diagnostic of patent foramen ovale.[1]
- Grading of PFO using contrast-enhanced MRI include:[1]
- Grade 0: No contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
- Grade 1: Only slight contrast enhancement close to the atrial septum without enhancement of the entire left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
- Grade 2: Only slight contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
- Grade 3: Bright contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mohrs, Oliver K.; Petersen, Steffen E.; Erkapic, Damir; Rubel, Christine; Schräder, Rainer; Nowak, Bernd; Fach, W. Andreas; Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich; Voigtlaender, Thomas (2005). "Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale Using Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic MRI: A Pilot Study". American Journal of Roentgenology. 184 (1): 234–240. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840234. ISSN 0361-803X.