Sick sinus syndrome causes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Ochuko Ajari (talk | contribs) (→Causes) |
(→Causes) |
||
| (38 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Sick sinus syndrome}} | {{Sick sinus syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{Ochuko}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms ([[arrhythmias]]), including [[sinus arrest]], [[sinus node exit block]], [[sinus bradycardia]], and other types of [[bradycardia]] (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a variety of [[conditions]] including but not limited to [[myocardial infarction]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[drugs]] or toxins, [[infections]],[[medications]], [[electrolyte abnormalities]], [[hypothermia]], [[hypoxemia]], [[hypercarbia]], and [[acidosis]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Life-threatening causes include [[conditions]] which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Myocarditis]] | |||
[[ | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Common [[causes]] of sick sinus syndrome include:<ref name="pmid6406388">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weintraub M, Hes JP, Rotmensch HH, Soferman G, Liron M |title=Extreme sinus bradycardia associated with lithium therapy |journal=Isr. J. Med. Sci. |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=353–5 |date=April 1983 |pmid=6406388 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7018848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thormann J, Neuss H, Schlepper M, Mitrovic V |title=Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man |journal=Chest |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=201–6 |date=August 1981 |pmid=7018848 |doi=10.1378/chest.80.2.201 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15949188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puljiz I, Beus A, Kuzman I, Seiwerth S |title=Electrocardiographic changes and myocarditis in trichinellosis: a retrospective study of 154 patients |journal=Ann Trop Med Parasitol |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=403–11 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15949188 |doi=10.1179/136485905X36307 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17570992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Assimakopoulos SF, Michalopoulou S, Papakonstantinou C, Lekkou A, Syrokosta I, Gogos C |title=A case of severe sinus bradycardia complicating anicteric leptospirosis |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=333 |issue=6 |pages=381–3 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17570992 |doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3180659578 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15761461">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cunha BA, Thermidor M, Mohan S, Valsamis AS, Johnson DH |title=Fever of unknown origin: subacute thyroiditis versus typhoid fever |journal=Heart Lung |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=147–51 |date=2005 |pmid=15761461 |doi=10.1016/j.hrtlng.2004.07.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11284920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cunha BA |title=The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Infect. |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=633–4 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11284920 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.0194f.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23939447">{{cite journal| author=Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S| title=Sick sinus syndrome: a review. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 87 | issue= 10 | pages= 691-6 | pmid=23939447 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23939447 }} </ref><ref name="RubensteinSchulman1972">{{cite journal|last1=Rubenstein|first1=Joel J.|last2=Schulman|first2=Charles L.|last3=Yurchak|first3=Peter M.|last4=Desanctis|first4=Roman W.|title=Clinical Spectrum of the Sick Sinus Syndrome|journal=Circulation|volume=46|issue=1|year=1972|pages=5–13|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.46.1.5}}</ref> | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] | |||
*Athletic training | |||
*[[Drugs]] or toxins, including: | |||
**[[Toluene]] | |||
**[[Organophosphates]] | |||
**[[Tetrodotoxin]] | |||
**[[Cocaine]] | |||
*[[Infections]]: | |||
**[[Lyme disease]] | |||
**[[Legionella]] | |||
**[[Psittacosis]] | |||
**[[Typhoid fever]] | |||
**[[Typhus]] | |||
**[[Listeria]] | |||
**[[Malaria]] | |||
**[[Leptospirosis]] | |||
**[[Dengue fever]] | |||
**viral hemorrhagic fevers | |||
**[[Guillain-Barre]] | |||
*[[Medications]]: | |||
**[[Beta blockers]] | |||
**[[Calcium channel blockers]] | |||
**[[Digoxin]] | |||
**[[Sympatholytic medications]] | |||
**[[Antiarrhythmic medications]] | |||
**[[Lithium]] | |||
*[[Cardiac surgery]] | |||
*Electrolyte abnormalities | |||
*[[Hypothermia]] | |||
*[[Hypoxemia]], hypercarbia, [[acidosis]] | |||
*[[Coronary artery disease]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | |||
[[Category:Electrophysiology]] | |||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Arrhythmia]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:21, 29 March 2020
|
Sick sinus syndrome Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Sick sinus syndrome causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sick sinus syndrome causes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Sick sinus syndrome causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]
Overview
Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), including sinus arrest, sinus node exit block, sinus bradycardia, and other types of bradycardia (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a variety of conditions including but not limited to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, drugs or toxins, infections,medications, electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidosis.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Common causes of sick sinus syndrome include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Atrial fibrillation
- Athletic training
- Drugs or toxins, including:
- Infections:
- Lyme disease
- Legionella
- Psittacosis
- Typhoid fever
- Typhus
- Listeria
- Malaria
- Leptospirosis
- Dengue fever
- viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Guillain-Barre
- Medications:
- Cardiac surgery
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Hypothermia
- Hypoxemia, hypercarbia, acidosis
- Coronary artery disease
References
- ↑ Weintraub M, Hes JP, Rotmensch HH, Soferman G, Liron M (April 1983). "Extreme sinus bradycardia associated with lithium therapy". Isr. J. Med. Sci. 19 (4): 353–5. PMID 6406388.
- ↑ Thormann J, Neuss H, Schlepper M, Mitrovic V (August 1981). "Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man". Chest. 80 (2): 201–6. doi:10.1378/chest.80.2.201. PMID 7018848.
- ↑ Puljiz I, Beus A, Kuzman I, Seiwerth S (June 2005). "Electrocardiographic changes and myocarditis in trichinellosis: a retrospective study of 154 patients". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 99 (4): 403–11. doi:10.1179/136485905X36307. PMID 15949188.
- ↑ Assimakopoulos SF, Michalopoulou S, Papakonstantinou C, Lekkou A, Syrokosta I, Gogos C (June 2007). "A case of severe sinus bradycardia complicating anicteric leptospirosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 333 (6): 381–3. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3180659578. PMID 17570992.
- ↑ Cunha BA, Thermidor M, Mohan S, Valsamis AS, Johnson DH (2005). "Fever of unknown origin: subacute thyroiditis versus typhoid fever". Heart Lung. 34 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2004.07.003. PMID 15761461.
- ↑ Cunha BA (December 2000). "The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6 (12): 633–4. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.0194f.x. PMID 11284920.
- ↑ Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S (2013). "Sick sinus syndrome: a review". Am Fam Physician. 87 (10): 691–6. PMID 23939447.
- ↑ Rubenstein, Joel J.; Schulman, Charles L.; Yurchak, Peter M.; Desanctis, Roman W. (1972). "Clinical Spectrum of the Sick Sinus Syndrome". Circulation. 46 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.46.1.5. ISSN 0009-7322.