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(→‎References: <ref name="pmid3910239">{{cite journal| author=Ausubel K, Boal BH, Furman S| title=Pacemaker syndrome: definition and evaluation. | journal=Cardiol Clin | year= 1985 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 587-94 | pmid=3910239 | doi= | pmc= | url)
 
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Diagnosis of pacemaker syndrome should start with pacemaker interrogation. It includes:
Diagnosis of pacemaker syndrome should start with pacemaker interrogation. It includes:
* Ruling out excessive ventricular pacing
* Ruling out excessive ventricular pacing
* Looking for AV dissociation/VA conduction
* Looking for [[AV dissociation]]/VA conduction
* Looking for pacemaker malfunctioning, battery life, mode reversal
* Looking for [[pacemaker]] malfunctioning, battery life and mode reversal
 
Other methods to diagnose Pacemaker Syndrome includes:
 
* Measuring systolic time intervals
* Measuring finger pulse amplitude by strain gauge
* Correlating cardiac index with pulse pressure
* Cuff blood pressure responses to different modes of pacing


==Holter Monitoring==
==Holter Monitoring==
Holter monitoring can be used to correlate patients' symptoms with their cardiac rhythm and it is considered the best method of diagnosing pacemaker syndrome.


* Holter monitoring can be used to correlate patients' symptoms with their cardiac rhythm and is considered the best method of diagnosing pacemaker syndrome.


==Blood Pressure Monitoring==
==Blood Pressure Monitoring==


[[Systolic blood pressure]] should be measured during ventricular pacing and should be compared with that during atrial or AV synchronous pacing. A drop of 20 mm Hg or more suggests pacemaker syndrome.
* [[Systolic blood pressure]] should be measured during ventricular pacing and should be compared with that during atrial or AV synchronous pacing.  
* A drop of 20 mm Hg or more suggests pacemaker syndrome.


==References==
==References==
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<ref name="pmid3910239">{{cite journal| author=Ausubel K, Boal BH, Furman S| title=Pacemaker syndrome: definition and evaluation. | journal=Cardiol Clin | year= 1985 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 587-94 | pmid=3910239 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910239  }}</ref>
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[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
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[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
<references />

Latest revision as of 03:28, 10 April 2020

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Pacemaker Interrogation

Diagnosis of pacemaker syndrome should start with pacemaker interrogation. It includes:

  • Ruling out excessive ventricular pacing
  • Looking for AV dissociation/VA conduction
  • Looking for pacemaker malfunctioning, battery life and mode reversal

Other methods to diagnose Pacemaker Syndrome includes:

  • Measuring systolic time intervals
  • Measuring finger pulse amplitude by strain gauge
  • Correlating cardiac index with pulse pressure
  • Cuff blood pressure responses to different modes of pacing

Holter Monitoring

  • Holter monitoring can be used to correlate patients' symptoms with their cardiac rhythm and is considered the best method of diagnosing pacemaker syndrome.

Blood Pressure Monitoring

  • Systolic blood pressure should be measured during ventricular pacing and should be compared with that during atrial or AV synchronous pacing.
  • A drop of 20 mm Hg or more suggests pacemaker syndrome.

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources [1]

  1. Ausubel K, Boal BH, Furman S (1985). "Pacemaker syndrome: definition and evaluation". Cardiol Clin. 3 (4): 587–94. PMID 3910239.