Hyperkalemia causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Hyperkalemia]] is an elevated [[blood]] level (above 5.1 mmol/L) of the [[electrolyte]] [[potassium]]. ". Extreme degrees of [[hyperkalemia]] are considered a [[medical emergency]] due to the risk of potentially fatal [[arrhythmia]]s. | [[Hyperkalemia]] is an elevated [[blood]] level (above 5.1 mmol/L) of the [[electrolyte]] [[potassium]]. ". Extreme degrees of [[hyperkalemia]] are considered a [[medical emergency]] due to the risk of potentially fatal [[arrhythmia]]s. Hyperkalemia can be caused by reasons that include increased uptake, [[extracellular]] shift, tissue breakdown and impaired excretion from the [[body]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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*[[Addisonian crisis]] | *[[Addisonian crisis]] | ||
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | *[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | ||
*Intravenous potassium supplement | *Intravenous [[potassium]] supplement | ||
*[[Digoxin]] toxicity | *[[Digoxin]] toxicity | ||
*[[Tumor lysis syndrome]] | *[[Tumor lysis syndrome]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
=== Less common causes === | === Less common causes === | ||
* Fasting | * Fasting | ||
* Exercise | *[[Exercise]] | ||
* Fluoride toxicity | *[[Fluoride]] toxicity | ||
* Hypoparathyroidism | *[[Hypoparathyroidism]] | ||
=== Genetic causes === | === Genetic causes === | ||
* Congenital adrenal hypoplasia | *[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia|Congenital adrenal hypoplasia]] | ||
* Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis | * Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis | ||
* Pseudohypoaldosteronism type1 and type 2 | *[[Pseudohypoaldosteronism]] type1 and type 2 | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:11, 29 April 2020
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Hyperkalemia causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyperkalemia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3], Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [4]
Overview
Hyperkalemia is an elevated blood level (above 5.1 mmol/L) of the electrolyte potassium. ". Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a medical emergency due to the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia can be caused by reasons that include increased uptake, extracellular shift, tissue breakdown and impaired excretion from the body.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
- Hyperkalemia can become a life-threatening condition if potassium levels are too high and body is not able to remove it effectively.
- AKI and chronic renal failure[1]
- Addisonian crisis
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Intravenous potassium supplement
- Digoxin toxicity
- Tumor lysis syndrome
Common Causes
The most common causes of hyperkalemia include:[2][3]
- ACE inhibitors
- Acidosis
- Addisonian crisis
- Beta blockers
- Blood transfusion
- Cirrhosis
- Diabetic nephropathy
- High potassium diet
- Malnutrition
- Renal tubular acidosis
Less common causes
- Fasting
- Exercise
- Fluoride toxicity
- Hypoparathyroidism
Genetic causes
- Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
- Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism type1 and type 2
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ De Nicola L, Bellizzi V, Minutolo R, Cioffi M, Giannattasio P, Terracciano V; et al. (2000). "Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on interdialytic increase of potassium". J Am Soc Nephrol. 11 (12): 2337–43. PMID 11095656.
- ↑ Wang WH, Giebisch G (2009). "Regulation of potassium (K) handling in the renal collecting duct". Pflugers Arch. 458 (1): 157–68. doi:10.1007/s00424-008-0593-3. PMC 2730119. PMID 18839206.
- ↑ Giebisch GH, Wang WH (2010). "Potassium transport--an update". J Nephrol. 23 Suppl 16: S97–104. PMID 21170894.
- ↑ Sevastos N et al. (2006) Pseudohyperkalemia in serum: the phenomenon and its clinical magnitude. J Lab Clin Med, 147(3):139-44; PMID 16503244.
- ↑ Don BR et al. (1990) Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during phlebotomy. N Engl J Med, 322(18):1290-2; PMID 2325722.
- ↑ Iolascon A et al. (1999) Familial pseudohyperkalemia maps to the same locus as dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis. Blood, 93(9):3120-3; PMID 10216110.