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| __NOTOC__
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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{mitra}}{{MC}}
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| ==Overview==
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| ==Complications==
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| ===Acute Coronary Syndromes===
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| ===Heart Failure===
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| ===Cardiogenic Shock===
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| ===Myocarditis===
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| ===Pericarditis===
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| ===Arrhythmias ===
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| ==== Pathophysiology: ====
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| Respiratory disease is the chief target of Covid-19. One-third of patients with severe disease also reported other symptoms including [[Cardiac arrhythmia|arrhythmia]]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) utilizes S-spike to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to enter the cells. Type 1 and type 2 [[pneumocytes]] exhibit ACE 2 receptors in the lung. Studies report that coronary [[endothelial cells]] in the heart and intrarenal endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney exhibit ACE2. ACE2 is an inverse regulator of the [[renin-angiotensin system]].<ref name="pmid32031570" /><ref name="pmid32085846">{{cite journal| author=Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C | display-authors=etal| title=Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. | journal=Lancet Respir Med | year= 2020 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 420-422 | pmid=32085846 | doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X | pmc=7164771 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32085846 }}</ref> The interaction between SARS-CoV2 and ACE2 can bring about changes in ACE2 pathways prompting intense injury to the lung, heart, and endothelial cells.<sup>[4]</sup>
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| ==References ==
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| # Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome [published correction appears in Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Feb 25;:]. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420‐422. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
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| # Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(5):259‐260. doi:10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5
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| # Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(19):1798‐1800. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231
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| <references />
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