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__NOTOC__
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}


{{SignSymptom infobox |
Name = Anorexia |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|63|0|r|50}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|783.0}} | 
MeshID = D000855 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{EH}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}
'''Anorexia''' (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.  
 
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite
 
==Overview==
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.
 
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
 
===Common Causes===
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* [[clinical depression|Severe depression]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[Chronic renal failure]]
* [[Drugs]]
**[[Stimulants]]
**[[Narcotics]]
**[[Doxycycline]]
**[[Probenecid]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Liver congestion]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Congestive heart failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[retinoid]], [[theobromine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Sporotrichosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[amphetamine ]], [[amphotericin B]], [[antidepressants]], [[aprepitant]], [[benzodiazepine]], [[benzylpiperazine]], [[calcitriol]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dextromethamphetamine]], [[dextromethylphenidate]], [[diacetylmorphine]], [[diflunisal]], [[doxycycline]], [[enfuvirtide]], [[febuxostat]], [[fluconazole]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ivermectin]], [[ketorolac]], [[leptoprin]], [[methylphenidate]], [[mifepristone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[mirtazapine]], [[modafinil]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naltrexone]], [[paroxetine]], [[pipradrol]], [[piroxicam]], [[probenecid]],[[pyrazinamide]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifaximin]], [[rivastigmine]], [[siltuximab]], [[sorafenib]], [[St John's wort]], [[stimulants]], [[theobromine]], [[topiramate]], [[tretinoin]], [[valaciclovir]], [[ziconotide]], [[zidovudine]], [[zopiclone]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[carotenodermia]], [[diabetic neuropathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[appendicitis]], [[binge eating]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[hymenolepiasis]], [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[milk-alkali syndrome]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[cryptosporidium parvum]], [[encephalitis]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[relapsing fever]], [[rhinovirus]], [[COVID-19-associated anorexia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dementia]], [[encephalitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[gold salts]] , [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[vitamin A]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[borderline personality disorder]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[clinical depression]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[dementia]], [[depression]],  [[hangover]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[opioid dependency]], [[orthorexia nervosa]], [[panic disorder]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[atypical pneumonia]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[pneumonia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hangover]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[AIDS]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[high altitude]]
|-
|}


==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Anorexia (alphabetical):==
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Acute appendicitis ]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]
*[[AIDS]]
*[[AIDS]]
*Altitude
*[[Amphetamine]]
*[[Amenorrhea]]
*[[Amphetamine ]]
*[[Amphotericin B]]
*[[Amphotericin B]]
*[[Amylin]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Anorexia Nervosa]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Asexuality]]
*[[Aprepitant]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
*[[Benzodiazepine]]
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]
*[[Benzylpiperazine]]
*[[Binge eating]]
*[[Binge eating]]
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]
*[[Borderline personality disorder]]
*[[Bulimia]]
*[[Bulimia]]
*[[Cachexia]]
*[[Calcitriol]]
*[[Calcitriol]]
*[[Cancer]]
*[[Carotenodermia]]
*[[Carotenodermia]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
Line 51: Line 174:
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
Line 58: Line 182:
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]
*[[Dextromethylphenidate]]
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Dioxin]]
*[[Efavirenz]]
*[[Dysphagia]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
*[[Fatigue (medical)]]
*[[Feline calicivirus]]
*[[Fluconazole]]
*[[Fluconazole]]
*[[Gentiana lutea]]
*[[Gold salts]]
*[[Gold salts]]
*[[Hangover]]
*[[Hangover]]
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[Hepatitis E]]
*[[Hepatitis E]]
*[[Hoose (disease)]]
*[[High altitude]]
*[[Hormonal therapy (oncology)]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]
*[[Hypercalcaemia]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Ichthyophthirius multifiliis]]
*[[anorexia|Infection-induced anorexia]] <ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688  }} </ref>
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
*[[Lanugo]]
*[[Leptoprin]]
*[[Leptoprin]]
*[[List of psychology topics]]
*[[Loss of appetite]]
*[[Marbofloxacin]]
*[[Marbofloxacin]]
*[[Marijuana]]
*[[Mastoiditis]]
*[[Mastoiditis]]
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Medicare Part D]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Mifepristone]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
Line 100: Line 213:
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]
*[[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]
*[[Opioid dependency]]
*[[Opioid dependency]]
*[[Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]]
*[[Oropouche fever]]
*[[Oropouche fever]]
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Phenethylamine]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Physical exercise]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Piroxicam]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Polyphagia]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Prodrome]]
*[[Probenecid]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[SCAN]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
 
*[[Siltuximab]]
*[[Sickness behavior]]
*[[Sofosbuvir]]
*[[Sorafenib]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[St John's wort]]
*[[St John's wort]]
*[[Starvation]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Suicide]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Susto]]
*[[Taura syndrome]]
*[[Tetrahydrocannabinol]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Tyzzer's disease]]
*[[Tretinoin]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Visceral gout]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Zidovudine]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{reflist}}
{{General symptoms and signs}}
 


{{General symptoms and signs}}
{{Common Cold}}
{{SIB}}
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[bg:Анорексия (симптом)]]
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[[sl:Anoreksija]]
[[sl:Anoreksija]]
[[tr:Anoreksi]]
[[tr:Anoreksi]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 06:23, 17 July 2020

This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see Anorexia nervosa.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Synonyms and keywords: poor appetite, loss of appetite

Overview

Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν)-" (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning Chromotherapy, retinoid, theobromine
Dermatologic Sporotrichosis
Drug Side Effect Aciclovir, amphetamine , amphotericin B, antidepressants, aprepitant, benzodiazepine, benzylpiperazine, calcitriol, caspofungin acetate, chromotherapy, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, dextromethamphetamine, dextromethylphenidate, diacetylmorphine, diflunisal, doxycycline, enfuvirtide, febuxostat, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gold salts, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, ivermectin, ketorolac, leptoprin, methylphenidate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, mirtazapine, modafinil, moxifloxacin, naltrexone, paroxetine, pipradrol, piroxicam, probenecid,pyrazinamide, ribavirin, rifaximin, rivastigmine, siltuximab, sorafenib, St John's wort, stimulants, theobromine, topiramate, tretinoin, valaciclovir, ziconotide, zidovudine, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat Mastoiditis
Endocrine Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, carotenodermia, diabetic neuropathy
Environmental Acute radiation syndrome
Gastroenterologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, appendicitis, binge eating, colorectal cancer, Crohn's Disease, defensive vomiting, hepatitis, hepatitis E, hymenolepiasis, hypervitaminosis D, Lábrea fever, milk-alkali syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, ulcerative colitis
Genetic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Crohn's Disease
Hematologic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), AIDS, astroviridae, Chagas disease, community-acquired pneumonia, cryptosporidium parvum, encephalitis, hepatitis, hepatitis E, mumps, Oropouche fever, pneumonia, Pott's disease, relapsing fever, rhinovirus, COVID-19-associated anorexia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Mastoiditis
Neurologic Chronic fatigue syndrome, craniopharyngioma, dementia, encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Oncologic Chromotherapy, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Acute radiation syndrome , chromotherapy, cocaine, gold salts , hypervitaminosis D, vitamin A
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, borderline personality disorder, bulimia nervosa, clinical depression, defensive vomiting, dementia, depression, hangover, obsessive-compulsive disorder, opioid dependency, orthorexia nervosa, panic disorder
Pulmonary Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), atypical pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hangover, hypercalcemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Chronic fatigue syndrome
Sexual AIDS
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hypercalcemia
Miscellaneous Chronic mountain sickness, high altitude

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Exton MS (1997). "Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy". Appetite. 29 (3): 369–83. doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0116. PMID 9468766.
  2. ↑ Murray MJ, Murray AB (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". Am J Clin Nutr. 32 (3): 593–6. PMID 283688.

Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:WH Template:WS

bg:Анорексия (симптом) ca:Anorèxia de:Anorexie eu:Anorexia io:Anorexio it:Anoressia lb:Anorexie nl:Anorexie sl:Anoreksija

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