Anorexia (symptom): Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(58 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}
{{dablink|This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see [[Anorexia nervosa]].}}


{{SignSymptom infobox |
Name = Anorexia |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}


{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite


==Overview==
==Overview==
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.  
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
The most common form of anorexia is simply [[satiety|satiation]] following the consumption of food. This happens in all normal humans and is called '''postprandial anorexia'''. Disorders that cause (harmful) anorexia include [[anorexia nervosa]], severe [[clinical depression|depression]], [[cancer]], [[dementia]], [[AIDS]], and [[chronic renal failure]] and the use of certain drugs, particularly [[stimulants]] and [[narcotics]]. Environmentally induced disorders such as [[altitude sickness]] can also trigger an acute form of anorexia. Anorexia may also be seen in [[congestive heart failure]], perhaps due to congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.


Although the [[presenting symptom]] (the one which prompts a patient to seek medical attention) in [[appendicitis|acute appendicitis]] is [[abdominal pain]], patients virtually always experience anorexia as well, possibly accompanied by an early episode of [[vomiting]].
===Common Causes===
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* [[clinical depression|Severe depression]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[Chronic renal failure]]
* [[Drugs]]
**[[Stimulants]]
**[[Narcotics]]
**[[Doxycycline]]
**[[Probenecid]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Liver congestion]]


Some medications, [[antidepressants]] for example, can have anorexia as a side effect. Most notoriously, however, chemicals that are a member of the [[phenethylamine]] family are known to have more intense anorectic properties. For this reason, many individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa may seek to use these medications to suppress appetite. Such prescription medications include [[Ritalin]], [[Adderall]], [[Dexedrine]], and [[Desoxyn]]. In some cases, these medications are prescribed to patients prior to undergoing an operation requiring general anesthesia. This is a prophylactic measure taken to ensure no food will back up into the esophagus and cause the patient to stop breathing during the procedure. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Congestive heart failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[retinoid]], [[theobromine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Sporotrichosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[amphetamine ]], [[amphotericin B]], [[antidepressants]], [[aprepitant]], [[benzodiazepine]], [[benzylpiperazine]], [[calcitriol]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dextromethamphetamine]], [[dextromethylphenidate]], [[diacetylmorphine]], [[diflunisal]], [[doxycycline]], [[enfuvirtide]], [[febuxostat]], [[fluconazole]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ivermectin]], [[ketorolac]], [[leptoprin]], [[methylphenidate]], [[mifepristone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[mirtazapine]], [[modafinil]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naltrexone]], [[paroxetine]], [[pipradrol]], [[piroxicam]], [[probenecid]],[[pyrazinamide]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifaximin]], [[rivastigmine]], [[siltuximab]], [[sorafenib]], [[St John's wort]], [[stimulants]], [[theobromine]], [[topiramate]], [[tretinoin]], [[valaciclovir]], [[ziconotide]], [[zidovudine]], [[zopiclone]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[carotenodermia]], [[diabetic neuropathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute radiation syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[appendicitis]], [[binge eating]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[hymenolepiasis]], [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[milk-alkali syndrome]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Crohn's Disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[cryptosporidium parvum]], [[encephalitis]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[relapsing fever]], [[rhinovirus]], [[COVID-19-associated anorexia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dementia]], [[encephalitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[gold salts]] , [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[vitamin A]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[borderline personality disorder]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[clinical depression]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[dementia]], [[depression]], [[hangover]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[opioid dependency]], [[orthorexia nervosa]], [[panic disorder]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[atypical pneumonia]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[pneumonia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hangover]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[AIDS]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[high altitude]]
|-
|}


===Causes of Anorexia in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
Line 31: Line 152:
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Aprepitant]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
Line 52: Line 174:
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
Line 60: Line 183:
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Efavirenz]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
Line 67: Line 191:
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[Hepatitis E]]
*[[Hepatitis E]]
*High altitude
*[[High altitude]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]
*[[Hymenolepiasis]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[anorexia|Infection-induced anorexia]] <ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688  }} </ref>
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
Line 79: Line 204:
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Mifepristone]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
Line 90: Line 216:
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Piroxicam]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Probenecid]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Siltuximab]]
*[[Sofosbuvir]]
*[[Sorafenib]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[St John's wort]]
*[[St John's wort]]
Line 102: Line 235:
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Tretinoin]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Zidovudine]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
 
}}
 
===Causes of Anorexia by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Congestive heart failure]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Retinoid]] • [[Theobromine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Sporotrichosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Aciclovir]] • [[Amphetamine ]] • [[Amphotericin B]] • [[Antidepressants]] • [[Benzodiazepine]] • [[Benzylpiperazine]] • [[Calcitriol]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]]• [[Dextromethamphetamine]] • [[Dextromethylphenidate]]• [[Diacetylmorphine]] • [[Enfuvirtide]] • [[Fluconazole]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hydralazine]] • [[Ketorolac]] • [[Leptoprin]] • [[Methylphenidate]] • [[Mirtazapine]] • [[Modafinil]] • [[Moxifloxacin]] • [[Pipradrol]] • [[Pyrazinamide]] • [[St John's wort]] • [[Stimulants]] • [[Theobromine]] • [[Valaciclovir]] • [[Ziconotide]]• [[Zopiclone]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Anorexia Nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Carotenodermia]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Appendicitis]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Crohn's Disease]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Hymenolepiasis]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Lábrea fever]] • [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] • [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]] • [[Ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] • [[Crohn's Disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[AIDS]] • [[Astroviridae]] • [[Chagas disease]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Cryptosporidium parvum]] • [[Encephalitis]] • [[Hepatitis]] • [[Hepatitis E]] • [[Mumps]] • [[Oropouche fever]] • [[Pneumonia]] • [[Pott's disease]] • [[Relapsing fever]] • [[Rhinovirus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Mastoiditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Encephalitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Colorectal cancer]] • [[Craniopharyngioma]]• [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute radiation syndrome]] • [[Chromotherapy]] • [[Cocaine]] • [[Gold salts]] • [[Hypervitaminosis D]] • [[Vitamin A]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Anorexia nervosa]] • [[Binge eating]] • [[Borderline personality disorder]] • [[Bulimia nervosa]] • [[Clinical depression]] • [[Defensive vomiting]] • [[Dementia]] • [[Depression]] • [[Hangover]] • [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]] • [[Opioid dependency]] • [[Orthorexia nervosa]] • [[Panic disorder]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]] • [[Atypical pneumonia]] • [[Community-acquired pneumonia]] • [[Pneumonia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]]• [[Hangover]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[AIDS]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|• [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Diabetic neuropathy]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic mountain sickness]] • High altitude
|-
|}
 
 


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 06:23, 17 July 2020

This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see Anorexia nervosa.

WikiDoc Resources for Anorexia (symptom)

Articles

Most recent articles on Anorexia (symptom)

Most cited articles on Anorexia (symptom)

Review articles on Anorexia (symptom)

Articles on Anorexia (symptom) in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Anorexia (symptom)

Images of Anorexia (symptom)

Photos of Anorexia (symptom)

Podcasts & MP3s on Anorexia (symptom)

Videos on Anorexia (symptom)

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Anorexia (symptom)

Bandolier on Anorexia (symptom)

TRIP on Anorexia (symptom)

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Anorexia (symptom) at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Anorexia (symptom)

Clinical Trials on Anorexia (symptom) at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Anorexia (symptom)

NICE Guidance on Anorexia (symptom)

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Anorexia (symptom)

CDC on Anorexia (symptom)

Books

Books on Anorexia (symptom)

News

Anorexia (symptom) in the news

Be alerted to news on Anorexia (symptom)

News trends on Anorexia (symptom)

Commentary

Blogs on Anorexia (symptom)

Definitions

Definitions of Anorexia (symptom)

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Anorexia (symptom)

Discussion groups on Anorexia (symptom)

Patient Handouts on Anorexia (symptom)

Directions to Hospitals Treating Anorexia (symptom)

Risk calculators and risk factors for Anorexia (symptom)

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Anorexia (symptom)

Causes & Risk Factors for Anorexia (symptom)

Diagnostic studies for Anorexia (symptom)

Treatment of Anorexia (symptom)

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Anorexia (symptom)

International

Anorexia (symptom) en Espanol

Anorexia (symptom) en Francais

Business

Anorexia (symptom) in the Marketplace

Patents on Anorexia (symptom)

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Anorexia (symptom)

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Synonyms and keywords: poor appetite, loss of appetite

Overview

Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν)-" (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning Chromotherapy, retinoid, theobromine
Dermatologic Sporotrichosis
Drug Side Effect Aciclovir, amphetamine , amphotericin B, antidepressants, aprepitant, benzodiazepine, benzylpiperazine, calcitriol, caspofungin acetate, chromotherapy, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, dextromethamphetamine, dextromethylphenidate, diacetylmorphine, diflunisal, doxycycline, enfuvirtide, febuxostat, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gold salts, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, ivermectin, ketorolac, leptoprin, methylphenidate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, mirtazapine, modafinil, moxifloxacin, naltrexone, paroxetine, pipradrol, piroxicam, probenecid,pyrazinamide, ribavirin, rifaximin, rivastigmine, siltuximab, sorafenib, St John's wort, stimulants, theobromine, topiramate, tretinoin, valaciclovir, ziconotide, zidovudine, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat Mastoiditis
Endocrine Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, carotenodermia, diabetic neuropathy
Environmental Acute radiation syndrome
Gastroenterologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, appendicitis, binge eating, colorectal cancer, Crohn's Disease, defensive vomiting, hepatitis, hepatitis E, hymenolepiasis, hypervitaminosis D, Lábrea fever, milk-alkali syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, ulcerative colitis
Genetic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Crohn's Disease
Hematologic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), AIDS, astroviridae, Chagas disease, community-acquired pneumonia, cryptosporidium parvum, encephalitis, hepatitis, hepatitis E, mumps, Oropouche fever, pneumonia, Pott's disease, relapsing fever, rhinovirus, COVID-19-associated anorexia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Mastoiditis
Neurologic Chronic fatigue syndrome, craniopharyngioma, dementia, encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Oncologic Chromotherapy, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Acute radiation syndrome , chromotherapy, cocaine, gold salts , hypervitaminosis D, vitamin A
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, borderline personality disorder, bulimia nervosa, clinical depression, defensive vomiting, dementia, depression, hangover, obsessive-compulsive disorder, opioid dependency, orthorexia nervosa, panic disorder
Pulmonary Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), atypical pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hangover, hypercalcemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Chronic fatigue syndrome
Sexual AIDS
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hypercalcemia
Miscellaneous Chronic mountain sickness, high altitude

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Exton MS (1997). "Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy". Appetite. 29 (3): 369–83. doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0116. PMID 9468766.
  2. ↑ Murray MJ, Murray AB (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". Am J Clin Nutr. 32 (3): 593–6. PMID 283688.

Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:WH Template:WS

bg:Анорексия (симптом) ca:Anorèxia de:Anorexie eu:Anorexia io:Anorexio it:Anoressia lb:Anorexie nl:Anorexie sl:Anoreksija

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Anorexia_(symptom)&oldid=1628273"