Anorexia (symptom): Difference between revisions

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{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}


{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite
{{SK}} poor appetite, loss of appetite


==Overview==
==Overview==
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.  
Anorexia (deriving from the [[Greek language|Greek]] "α(ν)-" (''a(n)-'', a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη'' (orexe)</i> = appetite) is the decreased sensation of [[appetite]]. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with [[anorexia nervosa]], many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
* Postprandial anorexia
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]]
* [[clinical depression|Severe depression]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[Chronic renal failure]]
* [[Chronic renal failure]]
* Drugs
* [[Drugs]]
**[[Stimulants]]
**[[Stimulants]]
**[[Narcotics]]
**[[Narcotics]]
* Environmentally induced disorders such as
**[[Doxycycline]]
**[[Altitude sickness]]
**[[Probenecid]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* Congestion of the [[liver]] with [[venous blood]].
* [[Liver congestion]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Congestive heart failure]] • [[Hypercalcemia]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[retinoid]], [[theobromine]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Pyrazinamide]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zopiclone]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[amphetamine ]], [[amphotericin B]], [[antidepressants]], [[aprepitant]], [[benzodiazepine]], [[benzylpiperazine]], [[calcitriol]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dextromethamphetamine]], [[dextromethylphenidate]], [[diacetylmorphine]], [[diflunisal]], [[doxycycline]], [[enfuvirtide]], [[febuxostat]], [[fluconazole]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ivermectin]], [[ketorolac]], [[leptoprin]], [[methylphenidate]], [[mifepristone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[mirtazapine]], [[modafinil]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naltrexone]], [[paroxetine]], [[pipradrol]], [[piroxicam]], [[probenecid]],[[pyrazinamide]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifaximin]], [[rivastigmine]], [[siltuximab]], [[sorafenib]], [[St John's wort]], [[stimulants]], [[theobromine]], [[topiramate]], [[tretinoin]], [[valaciclovir]], [[ziconotide]], [[zidovudine]], [[zopiclone]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[carotenodermia]], [[diabetic neuropathy]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[appendicitis]], [[binge eating]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[hymenolepiasis]], [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[milk-alkali syndrome]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[cryptosporidium parvum]], [[encephalitis]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[relapsing fever]], [[rhinovirus]], [[COVID-19-associated anorexia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dementia]], [[encephalitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[gold salts]] , [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[vitamin A]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]],  [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[borderline personality disorder]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[clinical depression]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[dementia]], [[depression]],  [[hangover]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[opioid dependency]], [[orthorexia nervosa]], [[panic disorder]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[atypical pneumonia]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[pneumonia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hangover]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 128: Line 132:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hypercalcemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[high altitude]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Aciclovir]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
Line 147: Line 152:
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Aprepitant]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Astroviridae]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
Line 168: Line 174:
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Crohn's Disease]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Cytauxzoonosis]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
*[[Defensive vomiting]]
Line 176: Line 183:
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Diacetylmorphine]]
*[[Efavirenz]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
Line 188: Line 196:
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[anorexia|Infection-induced anorexia]] <ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688  }} </ref>
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
Line 195: Line 204:
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Medical cannabis]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Mifepristone]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
Line 206: Line 216:
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Orthorexia nervosa]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Panic disorder]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Pipradrol]]
*[[Piroxicam]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Pott's disease]]
*[[Probenecid]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Pyrazinamide]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Retinoid]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Siltuximab]]
*[[Sofosbuvir]]
*[[Sorafenib]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[St John's wort]]
*[[St John's wort]]
Line 218: Line 235:
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Tretinoin]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Valaciclovir]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Vitamin A]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Ziconotide]]
*[[Zidovudine]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 06:23, 17 July 2020

This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. For the eating disorder, please see Anorexia nervosa.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Synonyms and keywords: poor appetite, loss of appetite

Overview

Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν)-" (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning Chromotherapy, retinoid, theobromine
Dermatologic Sporotrichosis
Drug Side Effect Aciclovir, amphetamine , amphotericin B, antidepressants, aprepitant, benzodiazepine, benzylpiperazine, calcitriol, caspofungin acetate, chromotherapy, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, dextromethamphetamine, dextromethylphenidate, diacetylmorphine, diflunisal, doxycycline, enfuvirtide, febuxostat, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gold salts, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, ivermectin, ketorolac, leptoprin, methylphenidate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, mirtazapine, modafinil, moxifloxacin, naltrexone, paroxetine, pipradrol, piroxicam, probenecid,pyrazinamide, ribavirin, rifaximin, rivastigmine, siltuximab, sorafenib, St John's wort, stimulants, theobromine, topiramate, tretinoin, valaciclovir, ziconotide, zidovudine, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat Mastoiditis
Endocrine Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, carotenodermia, diabetic neuropathy
Environmental Acute radiation syndrome
Gastroenterologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, appendicitis, binge eating, colorectal cancer, Crohn's Disease, defensive vomiting, hepatitis, hepatitis E, hymenolepiasis, hypervitaminosis D, Lábrea fever, milk-alkali syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, ulcerative colitis
Genetic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Crohn's Disease
Hematologic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), AIDS, astroviridae, Chagas disease, community-acquired pneumonia, cryptosporidium parvum, encephalitis, hepatitis, hepatitis E, mumps, Oropouche fever, pneumonia, Pott's disease, relapsing fever, rhinovirus, COVID-19-associated anorexia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Mastoiditis
Neurologic Chronic fatigue syndrome, craniopharyngioma, dementia, encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Oncologic Chromotherapy, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Acute radiation syndrome , chromotherapy, cocaine, gold salts , hypervitaminosis D, vitamin A
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, borderline personality disorder, bulimia nervosa, clinical depression, defensive vomiting, dementia, depression, hangover, obsessive-compulsive disorder, opioid dependency, orthorexia nervosa, panic disorder
Pulmonary Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), atypical pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hangover, hypercalcemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Chronic fatigue syndrome
Sexual AIDS
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hypercalcemia
Miscellaneous Chronic mountain sickness, high altitude

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Exton MS (1997). "Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy". Appetite. 29 (3): 369–83. doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0116. PMID 9468766.
  2. ↑ Murray MJ, Murray AB (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". Am J Clin Nutr. 32 (3): 593–6. PMID 283688.

Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:WH Template:WS

bg:Анорексия (симптом) ca:Anorèxia de:Anorexie eu:Anorexia io:Anorexio it:Anoressia lb:Anorexie nl:Anorexie sl:Anoreksija

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