Athlete's foot overview: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Athlete's foot}} | {{Athlete's foot}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{NS}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
* '''Athlete's foot''' (tinea pedis) is a [[fungal infection]] of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of affected areas. | * '''Athlete's foot''' (tinea pedis) is a [[fungal infection]] of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of affected areas. | ||
* It mainly affects the [[Sole (foot)|sole]]<nowiki/>s, skin over [[toe]]<nowiki/>s, interdigital spaces and [[Nail (anatomy)|nail]]<nowiki/>s. <ref name="pmid25403034">{{cite journal| author=Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M| title=Diagnosis and management of tinea infections. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 10 | pages= 702-10 | pmid=25403034 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25403034 }}</ref> | * It mainly affects the [[Sole (foot)|sole]]<nowiki/>s, skin over [[toe]]<nowiki/>s, interdigital spaces and [[Nail (anatomy)|nail]]<nowiki/>s. <ref name="pmid25403034">{{cite journal| author=Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M| title=Diagnosis and management of tinea infections. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2014 | volume= 90 | issue= 10 | pages= 702-10 | pmid=25403034 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25403034 }}</ref> | ||
* It is typically transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses. | * It is typically transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses. | ||
* Athlete's foot is caused infection with a [[dermatophyte]] [[fungus]]. | * Athlete's foot is caused infection with a [[dermatophyte]] [[fungus]]. | ||
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* The Oxford English Dictionary documents written usage of the term in 1928 ('''1928''' ''Lit. Digest'' 22 December. 16/1), which seems to undercut the claim by W. F. Young, Inc. that the term "athlete's foot" was originated, rather than simply popularized, as part of an advertising campaign for Absorbine Jr. during the 1930s.<ref name="absorbinejr"> The [http://www.absorbine.com/absorbinejr/aboutStory of W. F. Young, Inc. and Absorbine] at the Absorbine website.</ref> | * The Oxford English Dictionary documents written usage of the term in 1928 ('''1928''' ''Lit. Digest'' 22 December. 16/1), which seems to undercut the claim by W. F. Young, Inc. that the term "athlete's foot" was originated, rather than simply popularized, as part of an advertising campaign for Absorbine Jr. during the 1930s.<ref name="absorbinejr"> The [http://www.absorbine.com/absorbinejr/aboutStory of W. F. Young, Inc. and Absorbine] at the Absorbine website.</ref> | ||
*Athlete's foot gained popularity during the World Wars due to a very high percentage of soldiers wearing occlusive footwear and using common baths, etc. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
Athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin | *Athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the [[skin]]. Affected skin appears flaky and macerated and rash is usually diffuse and patchy affecting more than 1 toe and sole of the foot. | ||
*Where the diagnosis is in doubt direct [[microscopy]] of a [[potassium hydroxide]] preparation (known as a [[KOH test]]) may help rule out other possible causes, such as [[eczema]] or [[psoriasis]].<ref name="Palacio2000">{{cite journal |last=del Palacio |first=Amalia |authorlink= | coauthors=Margarita Garau, Alba Gonzalez-Escalada and Mª Teresa Calvo |title=Trends in the treatment of dermatophytosis | journal=Biology of Dermatophytes and other Keratinophilic Fungi |volume= |issue= |pages=148–158 |date= |url=http://www.dermatophytes.reviberoammicol.com/p148158.pdf |format=PDF|doi= |id= |accessdate=2007-10-10}}</ref> | |||
*A KOH preparation is performed on skin scrapings from the affected area. | |||
*The KOH preparation has an excellent positive predictive value, but occasionally [[false negative]] results may be obtained, especially if treatment with an [[Antifungal drug|anti-fungal]] medication has already begun. | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ||
A [[Wood's lamp]], although useful in diagnosing fungal infections of the hair ([[Tinea capitis]]), is not usually helpful in diagnosing tinea pedis since the common dermatophytes that cause this disease do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. However, it can be useful for determining if the disease is due to a non-fungal afflictor. | |||
* A [[Wood's lamp]], although useful in diagnosing fungal infections of the hair ([[Tinea capitis]]), is not usually helpful in diagnosing tinea pedis since the common dermatophytes that cause this disease do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. | |||
* However, it can be useful for determining if the disease is due to a non-fungal afflictor. | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
===Medical Therapy=== | ===Medical Therapy=== | ||
There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. Important with any treatment plan is the practice of good hygiene. Several placebo controlled studies report that good foot hygiene alone can cure athlete's foot even without medication in 30-40% of the cases.<ref>[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies] (American Family Physician)</ref> However, placebo-controlled trials of [[allylamine]]s and [[azole]]s for athlete’s foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo.<ref name="Crawford_2007">{{cite journal |author=Crawford F, Hollis S |title=Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot |journal=[[Cochrane Library|Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |date= 18 July 2007 |issue=3|pages=Art. No.: CD001434 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2|url=http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001434/frame.html |format=Review}}</ref> | |||
* There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. | |||
*Important with any treatment plan is the practice of good hygiene. | |||
*Several placebo controlled studies report that good foot hygiene alone can cure athlete's foot even without medication in 30-40% of the cases.<ref>[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies] (American Family Physician)</ref> However, placebo-controlled trials of [[allylamine]]s and [[azole]]s for athlete’s foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo.<ref name="Crawford_2007">{{cite journal |author=Crawford F, Hollis S |title=Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot |journal=[[Cochrane Library|Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |date= 18 July 2007 |issue=3|pages=Art. No.: CD001434 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2|url=http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001434/frame.html |format=Review}}</ref> | |||
===Prevention=== | ===Prevention=== | ||
The fungi that cause athlete's foot can live on shower floors, wet towels, and footwear. Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and can spread from person to person from shared contact with showers, towels, etc. | |||
* The fungi that cause athlete's foot can live on shower floors, wet towels, and footwear. | |||
* Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and can spread from person to person from shared contact with showers, towels, etc. | |||
* [[Hygiene]] therefore plays an important role in managing an [[athlete's foot]] infection. | |||
* Since fungi thrive in moist environments, it is very important to keep feet and footwear as dry as possible. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:58, 27 July 2020
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Athlete's foot Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Athlete's foot overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Athlete's foot overview |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Athlete's foot overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sanjana Nethagani, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
- Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of affected areas.
- It mainly affects the soles, skin over toes, interdigital spaces and nails. [1]
- It is typically transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses.
- Athlete's foot is caused infection with a dermatophyte fungus.
- Although the condition typically affects the feet, it can spread to other areas of the body, including the groin.
- Athlete's foot can be prevented by good hygiene, and is treated by a number of pharmaceutical and other treatments.
Historical Perspective
- The Oxford English Dictionary documents written usage of the term in 1928 (1928 Lit. Digest 22 December. 16/1), which seems to undercut the claim by W. F. Young, Inc. that the term "athlete's foot" was originated, rather than simply popularized, as part of an advertising campaign for Absorbine Jr. during the 1930s.[2]
- Athlete's foot gained popularity during the World Wars due to a very high percentage of soldiers wearing occlusive footwear and using common baths, etc.
Pathophysiology
- Athlete's foot is caused by a parasitic fungus and is a communicable disease.[3]
- It is typically transmitted in moist environments where people walk barefoot, such as showers, bath houses, and locker rooms.[4][5][3]
- It can also be transmitted by sharing footwear with an infected person, or less commonly, by sharing towels, socks, footwear or clothes with an infected person.
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin. Affected skin appears flaky and macerated and rash is usually diffuse and patchy affecting more than 1 toe and sole of the foot.
- Where the diagnosis is in doubt direct microscopy of a potassium hydroxide preparation (known as a KOH test) may help rule out other possible causes, such as eczema or psoriasis.[6]
- A KOH preparation is performed on skin scrapings from the affected area.
- The KOH preparation has an excellent positive predictive value, but occasionally false negative results may be obtained, especially if treatment with an anti-fungal medication has already begun.
Other Diagnostic Studies
- A Wood's lamp, although useful in diagnosing fungal infections of the hair (Tinea capitis), is not usually helpful in diagnosing tinea pedis since the common dermatophytes that cause this disease do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light.
- However, it can be useful for determining if the disease is due to a non-fungal afflictor.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot.
- Important with any treatment plan is the practice of good hygiene.
- Several placebo controlled studies report that good foot hygiene alone can cure athlete's foot even without medication in 30-40% of the cases.[7] However, placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete’s foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo.[8]
Prevention
- The fungi that cause athlete's foot can live on shower floors, wet towels, and footwear.
- Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus and can spread from person to person from shared contact with showers, towels, etc.
- Hygiene therefore plays an important role in managing an athlete's foot infection.
- Since fungi thrive in moist environments, it is very important to keep feet and footwear as dry as possible.
References
- ↑ Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M (2014). "Diagnosis and management of tinea infections". Am Fam Physician. 90 (10): 702–10. PMID 25403034.
- ↑ The of W. F. Young, Inc. and Absorbine at the Absorbine website.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Causes of athlete's foot, at WebMD
- ↑ "Athlete's foot". Mayo Clinic Health Center.
- ↑ [1] Risk factors for athlete's foot, atWebMD
- ↑ del Palacio, Amalia. "Trends in the treatment of dermatophytosis" (PDF). Biology of Dermatophytes and other Keratinophilic Fungi: 148–158. Retrieved 2007-10-10. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies (American Family Physician)
- ↑ Crawford F, Hollis S (18 July 2007). "Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot" (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): Art. No.: CD001434. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2.