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{{Osteochondroses}}
{{Osteochondrosis}}
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==Overview==
==[[Osteochondrosis overview|Overview]]==
The '''Osteochondroses''' are a family of orthopedic diseases that occur in children and in rapidly growing animals, particularly pigs, horses, and large breed dogs. They are characterized by interruption of the [[blood]] supply of a bone, in particular to the [[epiphysis]], followed by localized bony [[necrosis]] and later, regrowth of the bone.


==Cause==
==[[Osteochondrosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
The ultimate cause for these conditions is unknown, although several of the human osteochrondroses are more common in very active individuals. This leads some researchers to speculate that cumulative [[microtrauma]] may be the primary event. Osteochondrosis in swine has been shown to be a condition responsive to supplementation with the essential trace element [[boron]] and may be a manifestation of [[boron deficiency (medicine)|boron deficiency]].


==Presentation==
==[[Osteochondrosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
These conditions nearly all present with an insidious onset of pain referred to the location of the bony damage. Some, notably Kienbock's disease of the wrist, may involve considerable swelling, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease of the hip causes the victim to limp. The spinal form, Scheuermann's disease, may cause bending, or [[kyphosis]] of the upper spine.


==Human osteochondroses==
==[[Osteochondrosis causes|Causes]]==
In humans, these conditions may be classified into three groups:
:1. Spinal: [[Scheuermann's disease]] (of the interspinal joints)
:2. Articular: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (or, [[avascular necrosis]] of the femoral head in the [[hip]]), Köhler's disease (of the tarsal navicular bone of the [[foot]]), Panner's disease (of the capitulum of the [[elbow]]), and Freiberg's infraction (of the second [[metatarsal]] of the [[foot]]; sometimes called Freiberg's Infarction or Freiberg's disease)
:3. Non-articular: This group includes [[Kienbock's disease]] (of the [[lunate bone]] of the [[wrist]]) and [[Sever's disease]] (of the [[calcaneus]], or heel), and other conditions not completely characteristic of the osteochondroses, such as Osgood-Schlatter's disease (of the tibial tubercle) and [[Osteochondritis|Osteochondritis dissecans]].


==Prognosis==
==[[Osteochondrosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Osteochondrosis from other Diseases]]==
The prognosis for these conditions is very variable, and depends both on the anatomic site and on the time at which it is detected. In some osteochondroses, such as Sever's disease and Freiberg's infraction, the involved bone may heal in a relatively normal shape and leave the patient asymptomatic. On the contrary, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease frequently results in a deformed femoral head that leads to arthritis and the need for joint replacement.
Surgery to correct this problem is long, and can be very painful.


==See also==
==[[Osteochondrosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Osteochondrosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Osteochondrosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
[[Osteochondrosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Osteochondrosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Osteochondrosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Osteochondrosis x ray| X Ray]] | [[Osteochondrosis CT|CT]] |  [[Osteochondrosis MRI| MRI]] | [[Osteochondrosis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Osteochondrosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Osteochondrosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Osteochondrosis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Osteochondrosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Osteochondrosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Osteochondrosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Osteochondrosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
== Case Studies ==
[[Osteochondrosis case study one|Case #1]]
 
==Related Chapters==
* [[Osteochondropathy]]
* [[Osteochondropathy]]
* [[Osteochondritis]]
* [[Osteochondritis]]


==External links==
==External Links==
* [http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00802.html Medical College of Wisconsin]
* [http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00802.html Medical College of Wisconsin]
* [http://www.bordercolliesociety.com/BC_Info/Health_Info/Osteochondrosis.htm Border Collie Society]
* [http://www.bordercolliesociety.com/BC_Info/Health_Info/Osteochondrosis.htm Border Collie Society]
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[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
 


[[de:Osteochondrosis]]
[[de:Osteochondrosis]]

Latest revision as of 06:35, 28 July 2020

Osteochondrosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Osteochondrosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Osteochondrosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteochondrosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Osteochondrosis

CDC on Osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis in the news

Blogs on Osteochondrosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Osteochondrosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteochondrosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Osteochondrosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External Links

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