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__NOTOC__
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{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}}
{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{AY}}


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==Overview==
Acute viral nasopharyngitis is most commonly caused by an [[infection]] with [[rhinovirus]]. Other common causes include [[coronavirus]], [[human parainfluenza viruses]], and [[human respiratory syncytial virus|human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
{| style="float: right; width: 350px;"
| [[Image:Human Rhinovirus bound with Pleconaril.png|right|300px|thumb|The green beta sheets and alpha helices of the human rhinovirus. The bold section is the Pleconaril bound to the hydrophobic pocket of the VP1 protein coat - By FuturePharmD518 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25990247]]
|}
Common colds are most often caused by one of more than 100 [[serovar|serotypes]] of [[rhinovirus]], a type of [[picornavirus]].<ref name="pmid28495415">{{cite journal |vauthors=To KKW, Yip CCY, Yuen KY |title=Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28495415 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009 |url=}}</ref>
===Less common causes===
Other [[viruses]] that cause colds include:<ref name="Merck">{{cite web | title = Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection) | work = The Merck Manual Online | publisher = [[Merck & Co.]] | date = November 2005 | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch188/ch188c.html}}</ref><ref name="CKS">{{cite web | author = CKS | year = 2007 | title = Common Cold (Topic Review) | publisher = Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service | url = http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/common_cold/view_whole_topic_review}}</ref><ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Coronavirus]]
*[[Human parainfluenza viruses]]
*[[Human respiratory syncytial virus|Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)]]
*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviruses]]
*[[Enterovirus]]es
*[[Metapneumovirus]]
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cyanocobalamin]], [[Eculizumab]], [[Ivacaftor]], [[Loratadine]], [[Mifepristone]], [[Rifaximin]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Artemether and lumefantrin]], [[Bepotastine Besilate|bepotastine besilate]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[ecallantide]], [[eculizumab]], [[golimumab]], [[ivacaftor]], [[loratadine]], [[methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta]], [[mifepristone]], [[mirabegron]], [[nivolumab]], [[palbociclib]], [[secukinumab]], [[Umeclidinium|umeclidinium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Adenoviruses]], [[coronaviruses]], [[enteroviruses]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza virus]], [[parainfluenza virus]],  [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Causes==
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
Acute viral nasopharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses, like
{{columns-list|
*[[Picornaviruses]]
*[[Adenoviruses ]]
*[[Coronaviruses]]
*[[Coronaviruses]]
 
*[[Enteroviruses]]
====Drug Side Effect====
*[[Human metapneumovirus]]
 
*[[Influenza virus]]
* [[Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan]]
*[[Parainfluenza viruses]]
* [[Botulinum toxin]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus ]]
* [[Cyanocobalamin]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
* [[Eculizumab]]
}}
 
* [[Levocetirizine]]
* [[Loratadine]]
* [[Methotrexate]]
* [[Mifepristone]]
* [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 20:17, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Acute viral nasopharyngitis is most commonly caused by an infection with rhinovirus. Other common causes include coronavirus, human parainfluenza viruses, and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Causes

Common Causes

The green beta sheets and alpha helices of the human rhinovirus. The bold section is the Pleconaril bound to the hydrophobic pocket of the VP1 protein coat - By FuturePharmD518 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25990247

Common colds are most often caused by one of more than 100 serotypes of rhinovirus, a type of picornavirus.[1]

Less common causes

Other viruses that cause colds include:[2][3][4]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Artemether and lumefantrin, bepotastine besilate, certolizumab pegol, ecallantide, eculizumab, golimumab, ivacaftor, loratadine, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, mifepristone, mirabegron, nivolumab, palbociclib, secukinumab, umeclidinium
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ To K, Yip C, Yuen KY (2017). "Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009. PMID 28495415. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. ↑ "Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection)". The Merck Manual Online. Merck & Co. November 2005.
  3. ↑ CKS (2007). "Common Cold (Topic Review)". Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service.
  4. ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
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