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{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}}
{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{AY}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Symptoms of acute viral nasopharyngitis include [[runny nose]], [[cough,]] and [[sore throat]].  
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include having contact with an infected patient, spending time in daycare centers, presence of [[allergic rhinitis]] or [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromisation]].
==History and symptoms==
 
[[Incubation period]] is usually around 16 hours and symptoms peak between the second and fourth day.<ref name="CCCentre">{{cite web | url = http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/biosi/associates/cold/home.html | title = Common Cold Centre | date = 2006 | publisher = Cardiff University }}</ref>
Despite that infection with common cold tend to have a seasonal pattern, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.
*Common cold starts with [[sore throat]]. It usually resolves within 1-2 days.<ref name="pmid16253889">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eccles R |title=Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=718–25 |year=2005 |pmid=16253889 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Sore throat]] may be accompanied with [[fatigue]] and [[headache]].
==Risk factors==
*[[Fever]] is not usually present. [[Fever]] usually points more toward [[influenza]] not acute viral nasopharyngitis.<ref name="Nordenberg1999">{{cite web | last = Nordenberg | first = Tamar | title = Colds and Flu: Time Only Sure Cure | publisher = [[Food and Drug Administration]] | date = May 1999 | url = http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/896_flu.html}}</ref>
===More common risk factors===
*After that [[nasal congestion]], discharge and [[runny nose]] ensue.
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include:
*[[Nasal discharge]] may cause nasal obstruction which interfere with sleeping and eating.<ref name="NIAID2006">{{cite web | title = Common Cold | publisher = [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] | url = http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/colds/}}</ref>
*Ill contact
===Post viral cough===
*Attending daycare centers (for infants and children)
*[[Cough]] usually starts around fourth to fifth day with the improvement of nasal symptoms.<ref name="ALA2005">{{cite web | title = A Survival Guide for Preventing and Treating Influenza and the Common Cold | publisher = [[American Lung Association]] | date = August 2005 | url = http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35873#done}}</ref>
*[[Allergic rhinitis]] or [[sinusitis]]
*[[Cough]] is usually milder than this of [[influenza]].
*[[Asthma]]
===Resolution of symptoms===
*Being [[immunosuppressed]] (i.e. in [[HIV]] or [[Hematological malignancy|hematologic malignancy]])<ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref>
*Symptoms usually resolve within 7-10 days.<ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Cough]] may persist for a few weeks after the resolution of symptoms.
====Exposure to cold weather====
*Despite the fact that most common colds occur in fall and winter, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.<ref name="pmid12357708">{{cite journal | author = Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold | journal = Rhinology | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 109-14 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12357708}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch | title = Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect | journal = New Engl. J. Med | volume = 279 | year = 1968}}</ref>
*Regarding the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to test the hypothesis that "acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms." The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms and their belief of having a cold; but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. The researchers concluded that common cold symptoms can be generated by acute chilling of the feet, but "further studies are needed to determine the relationship between symptom generation with any respiratory infection."<ref name="pmid16286463">{{cite journal | author = Johnson C, Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms | journal = Family Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 608-13 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16286463 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmi072 | url = http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/608}}</ref>
 
===Less common risk factors===
Less common risk factors include:
*[[Pregnant]] women are at increased risk of contacting the common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. Although, [[Breastfeeding]] decreases the risk of contacting the common cold
*Old age (> 65 years)
*[[Morbid obesity]] ([[BMI]] > 35)<ref name="pmid9333254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heeler RM |title=Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=15 |pages=1231–2 |year=1997 |pmid=9333254 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:17, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include having contact with an infected patient, spending time in daycare centers, presence of allergic rhinitis or immunocompromisation.

Despite that infection with common cold tend to have a seasonal pattern, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.

Risk factors

More common risk factors

Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include:

Exposure to cold weather

  • Despite the fact that most common colds occur in fall and winter, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.[2][3]
  • Regarding the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to test the hypothesis that "acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms." The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms and their belief of having a cold; but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. The researchers concluded that common cold symptoms can be generated by acute chilling of the feet, but "further studies are needed to determine the relationship between symptom generation with any respiratory infection."[4]

Less common risk factors

Less common risk factors include:

  • Pregnant women are at increased risk of contacting the common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. Although, Breastfeeding decreases the risk of contacting the common cold
  • Old age (> 65 years)
  • Morbid obesity (BMI > 35)[5]

References

  1. ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
  2. ↑ Eccles R (2002). "Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold". Rhinology. 40 (3): 109–14. PMID 12357708.
  3. ↑ Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch (1968). "Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect". New Engl. J. Med. 279.
  4. ↑ Johnson C, Eccles R (2005). "Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms". Family Practice. 22 (6): 608–13. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi072. PMID 16286463.
  5. ↑ Heeler RM (1997). "Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold". JAMA. 278 (15): 1231–2. PMID 9333254.
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