Acute viral nasopharyngitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}} | {{Acute viral nasopharyngitis(common cold)}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{AY}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis | Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include having contact with an infected patient, spending time in daycare centers, presence of [[allergic rhinitis]] or [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromisation]]. | ||
Despite that infection with common cold tend to have a seasonal pattern, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds. | |||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
===More common risk factors=== | ===More common risk factors=== | ||
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include: | Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include: | ||
* | *Ill contact | ||
* | *Attending daycare centers (for infants and children) | ||
*[[Allergic rhinitis]] or [[sinusitis]] | *[[Allergic rhinitis]] or [[sinusitis]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Asthma]] | ||
*Being [[immunosuppressed]] (i.e. in [[HIV]] or [[Hematological malignancy|hematologic malignancy]])<ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref> | |||
====Exposure to cold weather==== | ====Exposure to cold weather==== | ||
*Despite the fact that most common colds occur in fall and winter, there is no proven | *Despite the fact that most common colds occur in fall and winter, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.<ref name="pmid12357708">{{cite journal | author = Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold | journal = Rhinology | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 109-14 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12357708}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch | title = Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect | journal = New Engl. J. Med | volume = 279 | year = 1968}}</ref> | ||
*Regarding the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to test the hypothesis that "acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms."<ref name="pmid16286463">{{cite journal | author = Johnson C, Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms | journal = Family Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 608-13 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16286463 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmi072 | url = http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/608}}</ref> | *Regarding the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to test the hypothesis that "acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms." The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms and their belief of having a cold; but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. The researchers concluded that common cold symptoms can be generated by acute chilling of the feet, but "further studies are needed to determine the relationship between symptom generation with any respiratory infection."<ref name="pmid16286463">{{cite journal | author = Johnson C, Eccles R | title = Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms | journal = Family Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 608-13 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16286463 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmi072 | url = http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/6/608}}</ref> | ||
===Less common risk factors=== | ===Less common risk factors=== | ||
Less common risk factors include: | Less common risk factors include: | ||
*[[Pregnant]] women are at increased risk of | *[[Pregnant]] women are at increased risk of contacting the common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. Although, [[Breastfeeding]] decreases the risk of contacting the common cold | ||
*Old age (> 65 years) | |||
*Old age > 65 years | *[[Morbid obesity]] ([[BMI]] > 35)<ref name="pmid9333254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heeler RM |title=Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=15 |pages=1231–2 |year=1997 |pmid=9333254 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Morbid obesity]] (BMI > 35) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include having contact with an infected patient, spending time in daycare centers, presence of allergic rhinitis or immunocompromisation.
Despite that infection with common cold tend to have a seasonal pattern, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.
Risk factors
More common risk factors
Common risk factors for acute viral nasopharyngitis include:
- Ill contact
- Attending daycare centers (for infants and children)
- Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis
- Asthma
- Being immunosuppressed (i.e. in HIV or hematologic malignancy)[1]
Exposure to cold weather
- Despite the fact that most common colds occur in fall and winter, there is no proven association between cold exposure or chilling and the occurrence of common colds.[2][3]
- Regarding the causation of cold-like symptoms, researchers at the Common Cold Centre at the Cardiff University conducted a study to test the hypothesis that "acute cooling of the feet causes the onset of common cold symptoms." The study measured the subjects' self-reported cold symptoms and their belief of having a cold; but not whether an actual respiratory infection developed. The researchers concluded that common cold symptoms can be generated by acute chilling of the feet, but "further studies are needed to determine the relationship between symptom generation with any respiratory infection."[4]
Less common risk factors
Less common risk factors include:
- Pregnant women are at increased risk of contacting the common cold for up to 2 weeks after delivery. Although, Breastfeeding decreases the risk of contacting the common cold
- Old age (> 65 years)
- Morbid obesity (BMI > 35)[5]
References
- ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
- ↑ Eccles R (2002). "Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold". Rhinology. 40 (3): 109–14. PMID 12357708.
- ↑ Douglas, R.G.Jr, K.M. Lindgren, and R.B. Couch (1968). "Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold. Failure to demonstrate effect". New Engl. J. Med. 279.
- ↑ Johnson C, Eccles R (2005). "Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms". Family Practice. 22 (6): 608–13. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi072. PMID 16286463.
- ↑ Heeler RM (1997). "Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold". JAMA. 278 (15): 1231–2. PMID 9333254.